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1 Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 53 No. 12 December 2010 여성외음부피부질환의처치 대구가톨릭대학교의과대학산부인과교실 고석봉 Management of skin lesion of female external genitalia Suk Bong Koh, M.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea Patients with vulval symptoms are met frequently in gynaecological practice. The complaint is often long-standing and distressing and frequently induces a feeling of despair in both patient and doctor. The diagnosis and management of vulval dermatoses require such a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of this has been amply demonstrated by the evolution of combined clinics. Vulval disease in many societies can be the subject of unnecessary and exaggerated shame and embarrassment, hence their frequency and importance have been underestimated. Key Words: Female, External genitalia, Skin lesion, Management 여성외음부피부이상은부인과의사가흔하게접하는병변이다. 외음부병변의증상이있을경우환자가직접의사를찾아오지만, 증상이없을경우는외음부가쉽게관찰될수없는부위이므로정기진찰에서우연히외음부병변이발견되는경우가많다. 외음부질환은주증상의특징에따라종괴, 소양증, 및통증이나작열감으로나눌수있으며치료는다학적접근이중요하다. 피지선, 아포크린선, 수액선이풍부하다. 소음순은음모가없으며기질은신경과혈관이풍부한섬유탄성조직으로되어있다. 질정전은양쪽소음순사이의공간으로음모와피지선이없는기관이다. 외음부질환의분류는다음과같다 (Table 1). 여성외음부검사및생검 여성외부생식기및외음부질환의분류 여성의외음부는치구 (mons pubis) 에서회음 (perineum) 까지외부적으로볼수있는구조물로서대음순 (labia majora), 소음순 (labia minora), 음핵 (clitoris), 질전정 (vestibule) 등이포함된다. 대음순은양측으로음모가산재해있고 접수일 : 채택일 : 교신저자 : 고석봉 sbko@cu.ac.kr 치구의모양과융기, 피부의색깔변화및치모의분포등을확인하고대음순이대칭적인지살펴본다. 장갑을착용한손의검지와중지를이용하여대음순을벌린후소음순, 음핵, 요도구, 질입구, 처녀막, 회음부, 항문순으로표피및점막의특징과해부학적구조를검사한다 (Table 2). 일반적으로검사할외음부의많은병변들은양성질환과외음부전암병변, 악성질환과비슷한모양을가지고있기때문에감별을위해적절한생검이필요하다. 외음부생검은우선소독액으로외음부를청결하게한후국소마취후진피를포함한조직을얻어야한다. 일반적인외음부생검의기준
2 대한산부회지제 53 권제 12 호, 2010 Table 1. Classification of vulval diseases (ISSVD and ISGP in 1986) Benign 1. Lichen sclerosus 2. Squamous cell hyperplasia 3. Other dermatoses-e.g. psoriasis, lichenplanus, etc. Malignant squamous VIN 1 Atypia lower 1/3 epidermis VIN Ⅱ Atypia>1/3 <2/3 epidermis VIN Ⅲ Atypia>2/3 or full thickness Non-squamous Paget s disease Malignant melanoma ISSVD: International Society for Study of Vulvar Disease, ISGP: International Society of Gynecological Pathologists. Table 3. Biopsy of the vulva 1. Difficulty in establishing a clinical diagnosis. 2. All blistering disorders: separate punch biopsy for immunofluorescence should be taken and placed in special transport media. 3. All pigmented lesions. 4. Inflammatory lesions that do not respond as expected to anti-inflammatory drugs in order to exclude neoplasia. 5. Persistently erosive lesions. 2. Angiokeratomata 각질주위에혈관이확장되어밝은붉은색에서어두운검은색을띠는병변으로나이가듦에따라전체여성의 1% 에서발생한다. Table 2. Gengeral view of external genitalia examination a. Hairs: i. Distribution and extent (e.g., alopecia areata, evidence of virilization) ii. Quality and condition (e.g., colour, broken hairs from friction) iii. Infestation. b. Skin colour i. Pigmentary disturbance (e.g., vitiligo) ii. Inflammation present or absent. c. Skin texture Abnormal thickness (e.g., lichenification or atrophy). d. Skin surface i. Integrity ii. Excoriation iii. Erosions. e. Palpation Tenderness or underlying masses (e.g., cysts). 은다음과같다 (Table 3). 외음부에서흔히발견되는비병리학적 (non-pathological) 병변 1. Fordyce spots 음순주위에노란색의피지선이증식되어보이는병변으로사춘기, 임신중, 호르몬치료때쉽게관찰된다. 음순이외에입술이나구강점막에서도관찰되며환자에게정상적이라고안심시켜주면된다 Vulval papillomatosis 사춘기때호르몬자극으로음부상피의중첩으로생긴다. 임신 2~3 분기에흔히관찰된다. 간혹인유두종바이러스 (human papillomavirus) 와혼동하는경우가있다. 외음부에서흔히발견되는염증성질환 1. 경피선태선 (Lichen sclerosus) 외음부의가장흔한백색병변으로남녀모두어느연령에나발생할수있지만폐경여성에서가장흔히발생한다. 전형적인모양은외음부가백색으로위축되고, 피부가얇은광택이있으며이러한변화가외음부에서항문둘레까지퍼져 8자모양 (figure-of-eight pattern) 을이룬다. 치료는고용량국소부신피질호르몬크림 (0.05% clobetasol) 을 6~12 주정도도포하면환자의 80% 에서효과가있다 지루성습진 (Seborrheic eczema) 보통얼굴과두피에잘발생하며외음부에는소양증을호소하며붉은색의염증을야기하는데대음순, 회음, 치구까지포함된다. 치료는약혹은중용량국소부신피질호르몬크림을 3~4 일정도도포한다
3 고석봉. 여성외음부피부질환 3. 만선단순태선 (Lichen simplex chronicus) 외음부에서흔히발견되는감염성질환 외음부의만성적인자극 ( 긁힘, 문지름등 ) 으로상피조직이하얗게두꺼워지며, 피부벗겨진소견이보이다. 치료는피부를긁는습관을중지하고중용량국소스테로이드를 4~6 주간도포한다 편평태선 (Lichen planus) 광범위한소양증을야기하며주로대음순에발생하며나이는 25~40 세사이에호발한다. 원인은잘알려져있지않으나자가면역질환으로추정한다. 치료는고용량국소스테로이드크림이효과적이다 외음부전정염 (Vestibulitis) 성교통, 홍반, 접촉시압통을특징으로하는병변으로치료는만족스러운치료제가없다. 5% Lignocaine 연고, TCA 용액, 수술적으로전정관을제거등이있다. 1. 외음부및질칸디다증 (Vulvovaginal candidiasis) Candida 성외음부질염은젊은여성특히가임기여성에서흔히볼수있는질환으로선행인자로는임신, 경구피임약사용빈도의증가, 항생제남용, 당뇨병, 면역억제성질환, 자궁내삽입장치, 비만증등이다. 치료는 azole 계통의항진균제이며국소요법과경구요법이있으며치료성공률은 80~90% 이다. 국소요법에사용되는항진균제는 butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, nystantin, ticonazole, terconazole 등이며치료기간은 1일혹은 3~7 일이다. Nystantin 은 azole 계열의약제보다효과가떨어진다. 외음부소양증이심할경우는 hydrocortisone cream 을같이사용하는것이도움이된다. 경구요법에사용되는항진균제로는 fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole 등이있다 생식기헤르페스 (Genital herpes) 외음부에서흔히발견되는궤양성질환 1. 아프타 (Aphthae) 점막의원발성발진으로통증성, 편두크기, 다소융기되고, 붉은훈륜으로둘러싸인, 경계가뚜렷한, 둥근외형또는불규칙한외형을갖고백색의섬유소막 (fibrin coating) 으로덮여있다. 주로구강에발생하며건강한성인에서호발한다. 치료는국소스테로이드도포혹은병변내주입등이있다 Behcet's 병침윤성통증을포함한점막궤양으로외음부이외에구강, 안구에도발생한다. 전신증상으로는발열, 피로감등을동반하기도한다. 치료는국소스테로이드도포혹은병변내주입, 타리도마이드 (oral thalidomide) 등이있다. 7 소포 (vesicles) 가생기며종종다발성이며깊지는않은통증성궤양들을형성한다. 치료약제는보통항바이러스제인 acyclovir를 200 mg씩 5회또는 400 mg씩 3회를병변에도포함으로써질병의기간을줄여주고, 재발률을낮출수있다. 그이외에 famciclovir 250 mg 을하루에 3번복용혹은 valacyclovir 1.0 g을하루 2회 7~10 일간복용하는방법이있다 사면발이증 (Pediculosis pubis) 치골모에서육안으로이 (lice), 유충 (larvae) 혹은서캐 (nits) 등을관찰할수있으며치료는 0.5% 수용성말라티온로션을 24시간도포한다 옴 (Scabies) 간헐적인심한소양증이갑자기나타나며밤에더심해질수있으며치료는 5% Permethrin 크림을목부터온몸에바른뒤에 8~14 시간후에씻어낸다
4 대한산부회지제 53 권제 12 호, 매독 (Syphylis) 피부나점막의작은미란과같은병소를통해침입하는데초기병변은주로외음부나질, 자궁경부, 항문, 유두및입술등에생긴다. 치료는조기매독은벤자신페니실린 240 만단위를 1회근육주사하고감염이 1년이상경과된매독은벤자신페니실린 240 만단위를주 1회씩, 3주동안근육주사한다 트리코모나스감염 (Trichomonas infection) 특징적인질분비물과냄새를동반하는급성질염을유발하며남녀의요로생식기에잘기생하며드물게는장관내에서도발견이된다. 외음부와질에홍반이나부종이생긴다. 치료는경구 metronidazole 이치료선택제이다. CDC 치료지침에따르면 metronidazole 2 g을 1회경구복용하거나, Tinidazole 2 g을 1회경구복용하도록권유하고있으며 metronidazole 500 mg 을하루두번씩 7일간복용하는방법도사용된다. 모두치료성공률은약 95% 이다. 배우자도동시에치료해야하며배우자역시같은방법으로치료한다. 8 외음부에서흔히발견되는전암및악성질환 1. 페이젯병 (Paget's disease) 외음부에생기는상피내종양의한질환으로, 약 20% 정도에서는침윤성선암을동반한다. 60세이상의여성에서흔히발생하며만성염증성변화를보이는데병변은잘치료되지않는붉은융기된판 (plaque) 모양으로확진은조직생검이다. 증상은외음부의소양증및성교통, 통증, 작열감등이있으며치료는광범위국소절제술을시행한다 악성흑색종 (Malignant melanoma) 전체외음부악성종양의약 5% 를차지하는데모든침착된외음부병변은조직생검을해야한다. 치료는국소절제술이다. 예후는 Breslow 두께에따라결정된다. 3. 외음부상피내종양 (Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) 육안적소견은외음부에불연속적인다발성의흰색혹은붉은색의융기된병변으로조직검사를통해진단되며치료는국소적절제술이다. 12,13 결론여성외음부피부이상은부인과의사가흔하게접하는병변으로증상이없을경우는정기진찰에서우연히외음부병변이발견되는경우가많다. 따라서평상시자가진단이외음부병소의조기진단에도움이된다. 전암단계의임상증상은붉거나하얗게나약간융기된모양으로의심병변은반드시조직검사가필요하다. 치료는정확한진단에따른개별치료가중요하다. 1. Aneiros-Fernández, Jose Andrés Gonzalez-Saavedra, María Sierra Girón-Prieto. Pigmentation iatrogenic (amalgram) and Fordyce spots of the oral mucosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62: AB Bracco GL, Carli P, Sonni L, Maestrini G, De Marco A, Taddei GL, et al. Clinical and histologic effects of topical treatments of vulval lichen sclerosus. A critical evaluation. J Reprod Med 1993; 38: Pokorny SF. Prepubertal vulvovaginopathies. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1992; 19: 참고문헌 4. Gupta R, Manchanda RK, Arya BS. Homoeopathy for the treatment of lichen simplex chronicus: a case series. Homeopathy 2006; 95: Porter SR, Kirby A, Olsen I, Barrett W. Immunologic aspects of dermal and oral lichen planus: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997; 83: Rennie JS, Reade PC, Hay KD, Scully C. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br Dent J 1985; 159: Sakane T, Takeno M, Suzuki N, Inaba G. Behcet's disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51(R66): Corey L, Wald A, Patel R, Sacks SL, Tyring SK, Warren T, et al. Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: Chosidow O. Scabies and pediculosis. Lancet 2000; 355:
5 고석봉. 여성외음부피부질환 11. Stacy D, Burrell MO, Franklin EW 3rd. Extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva and anus: use of intraoperative frozen-section margins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: Finan MA, Barre G. Bartholin's gland carcinoma, malignant melanoma and other rare tumours of the vulva. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 17: Rutledge F, Sinclair M. Treatment of intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva by skin excision and graft. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968; 102: = 국문초록 = 여성외음부피부이상은부인과의사가흔하게접하는병변이다. 외음부병변의증상이있을경우환자가직접의사를찾아오지만, 증상이없을경우는외음부가쉽게관찰될수없는부위이므로정기진찰에서우연히외음부병변이발견되는경우가많다. 외음부질환은주증상의특징에따라종괴, 소양증, 및통증이나작열감으로나눌수있다. 중심단어 : 여성, 외부생식기, 피부질환, 처치
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