원고교정의기초 AMA Editorial Style Guide Manuscript Editor 안환태 crowncon@naver.com
Instruction for Authors / Manuscript Style Guide / Manuscript Template Instruction for Authors - 투고규정 - 저자가논문작성시준수해야할포괄적규정 Manuscript Style Guide - 논문형식의세부적지침 Manuscript Template - 논문형식의세부적지침 - 형식에대한 Simple Layout
Instruction for Authors / Manuscript Style Guide / Manuscript Template Instruction for Authors Manuscript Style Guide I Manuscript Template I Aims and Scope Ethics Manuscript Preparation General Guideline = Manuscript Preparation General Guideline Submission Manuscript Preparation General Guideline Peer-Review etc II Manuscript Template II Simple Layout
Editorial Style Guide 필요성 학술지형식체계화의필수요소 -편집의질을향상 투고자, 학술지, 독자와의약속 템플릿, 투고규정보다세세한지침 -학회지의 style을구축 편집 (manuscript editing) 업무소요시간절약 편집업무담당자변경시일관성, 통일성유지
Types of Editorial Style Guides CSE (Council of Science Editors) Manual - 과학편집인위원회표준 Manual - 미생물학, 동식물학, 의학분야 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Manual -미국전기전자학회, 미국국가표준개발전문기구, 세계최대기술자단체, 36개의협회 -통신, 컴퓨터부품, 의학, 물리학, 원자물리학분야 AMA (American Medical Association) Manual - 미국의학협회표준 Manual. - 생의학, 의학, 간호학, 생물학분야
과학기술관련학회 Editorial Style APA (American Psychological Association) Manual -미국심리학회표준 Manual. -사회과학( 언어학, 행동과학, 사회학, 경영학등 ), 정신과학, 간호학, 가정학분야 ACS (American Chemical Society) Manual - 미국화학협회표준 Manual. - 화학분야 AIP (American Institute for Physics) Manual - 미국물리학회표준 Manual. 물리학, - 천체물리학, 천문학분야 AMS (American Mathematical Society) Manual - 미국수학협회표준 Manual. - 수학, 전산학분야
적용대상분야 의학, 생의학, 간호학, 생물학 AMA Manual of Style 은 JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) 와 Archives Journals (Oxford University Press 발행 ) 의편집진에의해만들어진저자와편집자를위한 style guide ( 편집지침 ) 의학분야의학술발행에필요한저술 (writing) 과인용 (citation) style 에관해구체적으로기술
적용대상분야 사회과학, 정신과학, 간호학 APA Style Guide -Publication Manual of th American Psychological Association (1929) -American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of th American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 미국심리학회 (American Psychological Association) 에서만든논문작성을위한표준양식. 과학논문의작성, 심사, 투고편집을위해필요한정보를망라한지침.
적용대상분야 이학 ( 화학 / 화공학 ) ACS Style Guide -The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors (1986) -The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3 rd ed. 과학논문의작성, 심사, 투고편집을위해필요한정보를망라한지침. 화학분야의논문작성지침
적용대상분야 공학분야 IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Style 단행본출간이아닌웹사이트에 PDF로 style 게재 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers에서발행하는다양한출판물 (Transactions, Journals, and Letters) 의투고용 style 전자공학, 전기통신공학, 컴퓨터공학, 정보기술분야
Article 구성 표제지 (title page) 제목 (title), 요약제목 (running title) 저자 (author) 소속기관 (affiliation) 교신저자 (corresponding author) 진행일자 (processing date) 초록 (abstract), 중심단어 (keyword) 본문 (main text) 참고문헌 (reference) 표 (table), 그림 (figure)
American Medical Association Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 10th edition Abbreviations and acronyms cannot be used in the title or pre cis. Abbreviations and acronyms must be spelled out the first time they are used in the abstract and again in the body of the manuscript. Capitalize the first letter of each major word in titles and subtitles. Do not capitalize articles (eg, a, an, the), prepositions of 3 or fewer letters, coordinating conjunctions (and, or, for, nor, but), or the to in infinitives. Do capitalize a 2-letter verb, such as Is or Be. Exceptions are made for some expressions, such as compound terms from languages other than English and phrasal verbs:
표제지 제목, 부제목 주요단어첫철자를대문자로표기하는경우 주요단어 (major word) 의첫철자와마지막단어첫철자 2자 (2-letter) 동사 : Is, Be, Do 등 4자이상전치사 : With, Without, After 등 AMA/IEEE style 구동사 (phrasal verb): Size Up, Weigh In 등 비영어권합성용어 : In Vitro, In Situ, De Novo 등 Poly(polymerizing species): Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 괄호안에 complex substituents를포함한 chemical name: Tetrakis(methyl isocyanide)iron
표제지 제목, 부제목 소문자표기를하는경우 관사 ( 정관사, 부정관사 ): a, an, the 3자이하 (3 or fewer letters) 전치사 : in, at, on 등 AMA/IEEE style 모든전치사소문자 : in, at, on, with, without, after 등 ACS style 등위접속사 (coordinating conjunction): and, or, for, nor, but 등 to 부정사의 to 원래소문자표기단어 : ph, d Orbital 등 소문자로된 chemical descriptor: Reaction of trans-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-buten-2-one 하이픈으로연결된형용사구 : Cubane-like Clusters = 후면 Capitalization 참조 =
표제지 제목, 부제목 사용제한 -"Role of", 'Effects of", "Treatment of", "Use of", "Report of a Case of" 와같은구 (phrase) Avoid Effect of Smoking on Lung Cancer Risk Better Smoking on Lung Cancer Risk - 평서문, 의문문 Avoid Fibromyalgia Is Common in a Postpoliomyelitis Clinic Better Prevalence of Fibromyalgia in Patients With Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome - 약어 (abbreviation) 사용예외, 공간이부족한경우, 잘알려진약어또는연구와그룹 Prevalence of HIV-1 in Blood Donations Following Implementation of a Structured Blood Safety Policy in South Africa Reporting of Noninferiority and Equivalance Randomized Trials: An Extention of the CONSORT statement CONSORT, consolidated standards for reporting of trials.
표제지 제목, 부제목 sample 전치사 With AMA Style: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Suprapubic Cystostomy Tract With Bladder Involvement IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015 Sep 11: Ambulatory Gait Behavior in Patients with Dementia: A Comparison with Parkinson's Disease. IEEE Trans Cybern 2015 Oct 26: A Decentralized Event-Triggered Dissipative Control Scheme for Systems With Multiple Sensors to Sample the System Outputs. ACS Style: Anti-Markovnikov Hydroheteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Indoles, Pyrroles, Benzofurans, and Furans Catalyzed by a Nickel N-Heterocyclic Carbene System
표제지 제목, 부제목 sample 비영어권합성용어 : In Vitro, In Situ, De Novo 등 AMA Style: Choice of Stents and End Points for Treatment of De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions ACS Style: Template-Directed Assembly of a de Novo Designed Protein AMA Style: Ethical Questions Surroundings In Vitro Fertilization IEEE Style: Simulating an Actomyosin in Vitro Motility Assay: Toward the Rational Design of Actomyosin-Based Microtransporters ACS Style: Discovery and Characterization of a Peptide That Enhances Endosomal Escape of Delivered Proteins in Vitro and in Vivo
표제지 제목, 부제목 sample Single Word: Long-Term, Follow-Up 등 ACS Style: A Simple Method for Improving Protein Solubility and Long- Term Stability IEEE Style: A Baseline Wander Tracking System for Artifact Rejection in Long-Term Electrocardiography AMA Style: Subjective, Objective, and Observed Long-term Survival: A Longitudinal Cohort Study ACS Style: Proton Water Charge-Transfer Processes: Follow-Up Study Using Configuration Interaction Calculations AMA Style: Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Treated With High-Dose Immunoablative Cyclophosphamide-A Long-term Follow-up Study.
Question -- Error 표제지 제목, 부제목 Elimination of a Community-Acquired Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in a Nurse With Atopic Dermatitis Weighing in on Bariatric Surgery Researchers Size up Nanotechnology Risks Universal Screening For Tuberculosis Infection: School's out! We do Need to Treat Mild Hypertention Scope of the Investigations: the First Phase
표제지 Running title Running Head Issue running heads: 왼쪽페이지상단 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 23, NO. 3, MARCH 2014 Author running heads: 오른쪽페이지상단 ANDERSEN et al.: DYNAMICAL MODEL OF DC WAVEGUIDE LASERS Running Title / Short Title / 난외표제 / 요약제목 JAMA 의경우 45 characters 이내 ACS style: 50 characters 이내표제와달리약어사용가능
Running head Running foot
저자 기관 Question -- Error Pfeffermann M 1, Dong R 3, Graf R 1, Zajaczkowski W 1, Gorelik T 2, Pisula W 1, Narita A 1, Müllen K 1, feng X 3 1 Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 2 Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, 3 Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
표제지 저자 Jr, Sr, II, III 등포함하여 first, middle, last name 순 국내저자영문명표기일반적유형 Gil Dong Hong / Gil-Dong Hong / Gildong Hong 학위사용 학위표기법은저널마다다르며최근에는 Nature, Science 처럼 저자명에학위를추가하지않는곳이많아지는추세 Soon Shin Lee 1, Gil Dong Hong 2, Young Hee Kim 3, Soon Hee Choi 4 Soon Shin Lee *, Gil Dong Hong, Young Hee Kim, Soon Hee Choi Soon Shin Lee, MD, Gil Dong Hong, MD 1, Young Hee Kim, MS 2, Soon Hee Choi, MD 3
New England Journal of Medicine
Nature
Science
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
저자 기관 저자와기관연결표기 저자가아래와같이 3 명인경우 Soon Sin Lee 1, Gil Dong Hong 2, You Sin Kim 3 Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, 2 Pathology, and 3 Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, 1 Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 2 Korea University College of Medicine, (Seoul), 3 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 2 Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, (Seoul), 3 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
표제지 저자 - ORCID Open Researcher and Contributor ID (www.orcid.org) -연구자고유식별코드 -개인의출판물및다른작업들을 metadata로통합해연결 -2010년에출판사, 연구재단, 협회, 대학, 기록관, 학자, 데이터제공자등의대화를통해만들어졌고 2012년에서비스를시작한비영리기관 -16자리번호 ( 안환태 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-990x) -HTTP URI 형태로표기 PubMed 에서 Kim JH 저자로검색하는경우, 13,192 건의논문검색 - 과연 Kim JH 는누구인가? Kim Jong Hyun, Kim Jong Hyeok, Kim Jong Hyuck, Kim Jong Hwan, Kim Jong Hak, Kim Jong Hak 등
ORCID Log in
Received ORCID record -- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-990x
ORCID linked in an article ORCID Tack Lee http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-9099
초록 일반적지침 투고규정에준수하며학술지의 heading에따라작성. 제목을반복하는문구로초록을시작하지않는다. 참고문헌을인용하지않는다. 정확한결과값을기술한다 (P-value, incidence rate, confidence intervals) 주요용어를사용하고, database, study group을기술 초록에서언급한데이터와개념이논문전체에서일관성유지 약의제품명은피한다. (acetaminophen vs. Tylenol) 약어처음사용시풀어서기재 아래유형의논문의경우초록을요구하지않는다 Opinion, Letters, Special features, News articles, Editorial 등
초록 - 형식 논문의유형에따른일반적형식 -Structured format: section heading 원저 (original article) 형식, 250-300단어이내로제한 NEJM: BACKGROUND/METHODS/RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS JAMA journal: Context/Objective/Design, Setting, and Patients/Intervention/ Main Outcome Measures/Results/Conclusion/Trial Registration -Unstructured or narrative format 종설 (review article), 증례 (case report) 형식증례의경우보통 150단어이내로제한 Section heading 없이서술형문장 ACS/IEEE Style
Keywords 저자가 keywords를제공해야하는이유 논문을카테고리에따라분류 저자가주장하는주요논제를표현 논문의동료심사 (peer review) 하는데가이드역할 저널의색인가 (indexer) 에게도움 -논문쓰는사람의입장보다찾는사람의입장에서선택 -전문가의입장보다초심자의입장에서선택 -systematic review, meta 분석논문작성시선택용어 -NLM과 Korea PMC에서저자키워드를적용할경우대비
Keywords International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) -IV.A.4. Abstract and Key Words Some journals request that, following the abstract, authors provide, and identify as such, 3 to 10 key words or short phrases that capture the main topics of the article. These will assist indexers in cross-indexing the article and may be published with the abstract. Terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus should be used; if suitable MeSH terms are not yet available for recently introduced terms, present terms may be used. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh
Keywords -- MeSH MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) 미국국립의학도서관 (National Library of Mdicine) 에서제작하는통제어휘 ( 시소러스 ) 유의어, 반의어및상하위관련어등을정의해놓은용어사전 MeSH 의구조 최상위주표목 19 개로부터시작하는상, 하위관계의계층 (tree) 구조 최상위부터가장세부적인개념까지최대 11 단계까지의전개 MeSH 의용어 주표목 (Main Heading) 부표목 (subheading): 83 개의 qualifiers ( 한정어 )
Keywords / MeSH
Keywords Respiratory distress syndrome, newborn 유사어, 동의어 MeSH 아님
본문 원저 (original article) NEJM: Nonheading 도입부 /METHODS/RESULTS/DISCUSSION JAMA journal: Nonheading 도입부 /METHODS/RESULTS/COMMENT Standard: Main section: INTRODUCTION/MATERIALS AND METHODS/RESULTS/DISCUSSION Additional section: CONFLCT OF INTEREST/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Level 1 Materials and Methods MATERIALS AND METHODS Level 2 1. Methods Methods Level 3 1) Patient Patient
본문 종설 (review article) (INTRODUCTION) / 본문에서제목도출 (BODY TEXT) / CONCLUSION(S) 증례 (case report) (INTRODUCTION) / CASE REPORT(S) / DISCUSSION Primary CASE REPORTS CASE REPORTS Secondary 1. Case 1 Case 1
AMA Style NEJM journal
참고문헌 - 생의학 style -NLM citing medicine 1978년캐나다벤쿠버그룹이생의학학술지가갖추어야할이상적인형식과지침작성 ( 편집인소수 ) 미국국립의학도서관 (National Library of Medicine) 이개발한참고문헌형식포함한통일양식 (Uniform Requirements) 작성, 출판공표 이후참여인원확대 국제의학학술지편집인위원회 (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE) 로발전 당시 500개가넘는학술지의에디터들이통일양식에맞추어투고하는논문을수용하는데동의 NLM citing medicine을기준으로학술지마다변형사용.
일반적지침 본문에서의참고문헌표기는본문에서인용된순서에따라아라비아숫자를연속적으로부여 본문내표기시위첨자 (superscript) 또는각괄호로표기 (IEEE의경우각괄호표기 ) 참고문헌번호표기시숫자나축약된측정단위뒤에두는것을피하도록한다. 참고문헌 As reported previously, 1,3-8,19 The 2 largest studies to date included 26 patients [2] and 18 patients [3]. The largest lesion found in the first study was 10 cm [2]. Avoid The 2 largest studies to date included 26 2 and 18 3 patients. Better The 2 largest studies to date included 26 patients 2 and 18 patients. 3
참고문헌 본문내저자명표기및번호표기 저자가 1 인 Doe 7 reported on the survey / Doe [7] reported on the survey 저자가 2 인 Doe and Roe 7 reported on the survey / Doe and Roe [7] reported 저자가 3 인이상 : 성 (surname) + "et al." Doe et al. 7 reported on the survey / Doe et al. [7] reported 주저자가같고공저자가다른여러편의논문 Doe and Collegues 7-9 reported / Doe and Colleagues [7-9] reported
참고문헌 인쇄저널 (print journal) 표기 저자명 (author's surnames and initials) 논문의제목과부제목 (title of article and subtitle, if any) 저널약어명 (abbreviated name of journal) 연도 (year) 볼륨 (volume number) 호 ( 이슈, issue number) 별호 (part or supplement number when pertinent) 페이지 (inclusive page numbers)
인쇄저널 (print journal) style 비교 NLM style 참고문헌 Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, Ullmer L, Gallagher A, Cullen J, Gehan E, Hayes DF, Isaacs C. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct;23(28):6919-30. AMA style Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, et al. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct 1;23(28):6919-6930. 국내의학저널에서많이사용하는 style Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, et al. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6919-30.
참고문헌 - 저자가 6 인이상인경우 Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, Hardisty R, Erven A, Gray IC, et al. Towards a mutant map of the mouse: new models of neurological, behavioural, deafness, bone, renal and blood disorders. Genetica 2004;122:47-9. - 기관이저자인경우 ( 모기관, 부속기관순으로나열. 구분은콤마기호사용 ) American College of Dentists, Board of Regents. The ethics of quackery and fraud in dentistry: a position paper. J Am Coll Dent 2003;70:6-8. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee. Care of children in the emergency department: guidelines for preparedness. Pediatrics 2001;107:777-81.
- 별호 (supplement, part) 가있는경우 참고문헌 Tolosa E, Valldeoriola F. Mid-stage parkinsonism with mild motor fluctuations. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994;17 Suppl 2:S19-31. Crawford M, Mullan J, Vanderveen T. Technology and safe medication administration. J Infus Nurs 2005;28(2 Suppl):37-41. Ophthalmology sourcebook & reference guide 1990. Ophthalmology 1990;(Pt 2):1-145. Brosen K, Gram LF, Sindrup S, Skjelbo E, Nielsen KK. Pharmacogenetics of tricyclic and novel antidepressants: recent developments. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15 Suppl 1 Pt A:80A-81A.
참고문헌 - 참고문헌이초록인경우 Zhang Y, Griendling KK, Taylor WR. A critical role for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neointima formation induced by carotid ligation [abstract]. Circulation. 2004;110(17 Suppl):III-259. Abstract no. 1238. - 온라인출판 (E-pub) 이이루어져 DOI (digital object identifier) 가있는경우 Ousey KJ, Milne J, Cook L, Stephenson J, Gillibrand W. A pilot study exploring quality of life experienced by patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy as part of their wound care treatment compared to patients receiving standard wound care. Int Wound J 2012 Oct 24 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01098.x.
참고문헌 -인쇄도서 (printed books): Book & Book chapter 저자명 (author's surnames and first and middle names) ( 책의 ) 장제목 (chapter title) 도서저자명 도서명과부서명 (title of book and subtitle, if any) 볼륨사항 (volume number and volume title) 판차사항 (edition number; do not indicate first edition) 출판지 (place of publication) 출판사 (name of publisher) 판권연도 (year of copyright) 페이지 (page numbers, when specific pages are cited)
- 인쇄도서 (printed books): Book & Book chapter NLM style 참고문헌 Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, editors. Geriatric medicine. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003. p. 149-62. AMA style Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, eds. Geriatric Medicine. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003:149-162. 국내의학저널에서많이사용하는 style (NLM style 과유사하다 ) Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, editors. Geriatric medicine. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003. p. 149-62.
참고문헌 - 컨퍼런스회의록 (conference proceedings) NLM citing medicine Cockett AT, Khoury S, Aso Y, Chatelain C, Denis L, Griffiths K, et al., editors. Proceedings of the 3rd International Consultation on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH); 1995 Jun 26-28; Monaco, Monaco. Channel Island: Scientific Communications International Ltd; 1995. p. 1-651. -Internet 자료 (online) NLM citing medicine AMA: helping doctors help patients [Internet]. Chicago: American Medical Association; c1995-2007 [cited 2007 Feb 22]. Available from: http://www.amaassn.org/.
- 학위논문 (Dissertation & Theses) 참고문헌 NLM citing medicine Zhao C. Development of nanoelectrospray and application to protein research and drug discovery [dissertation]. Buffalo (NY): State University of New York at Buffalo; 2005. 276 p.
- 뉴스기사 (Newspaper Articles) 참고문헌 NLM citing medicine Fialka, John J. How mercury rules designed for safety end up polluting. Wall Street Journal. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:1 (col. 1). Major decline in U.S. deaths is recorded. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:14 (col. 6). Taking steps back to normal after novel rabies therapy. New York Times (National Ed.). 2005 Dec 25;155(53439):23 (col. 3). 인터넷상의뉴스기사 Carey B. Psychiatrists revise the book of human troubles. New York Times [Internet]. 2008 Dec 17 [cited 2008 Dec 19];Health:[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/health/18psych.html?_r=1&em
이해충돌 (Conflict of Interest) -저자들의재정적공시 (financial disclosure) 는표제지또는 Acknowledgments section에고지. -별도의 "Conflicts of Interest 섹션에고지하는것이추세. -재정적이해관계 (financial interest and conflicts) 없는경우에도없다는것을기재. CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Financial Disclosure: Dr. Kroll has received research grants from and is a paid consultant to Progen International Inc, manufacturer of the neurochemical assay used in the study, and research grants from the International Society of Stress Research. Dr. Smith and Mr Otter have reported no relevant financial interest in this publication.
알림 (Acknowledgments) -논문의다양한정보를커버하는포괄적인용어 (blanket term). -논문에요구되는다양한정보기재. -본문(body text or main text) 의연장선으로보기때문에약어를그대로사용. General advice, guidance, or supervision Critical review of the manuscript Critical review of study proposal, design, or methods Data collection or data analysis Statistical assistance, technical assistance, research assistance or advice Writing assistance, editorial assistance, bibliographic assistance, clerical assistance Manuscript preparation Financial support, material support, grant support
알림 (Acknowledgments) - 보조금 (grant) 또는재정지원 (funding support) Funding/Support: This work was supported by research grant R01 MH45757 from the National Institute of Mental Health (Dr Hickson). - 저자기여사항 (author contibutions) Author Contributions: Dr. Yaffe had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity fo the data and the accuracy fo the data analysis. - 사전발표 (previous presentation) Previous Presentation: The results of this study were presented at the British Association of Dermatologists Annual Meeting, July 8, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland.
알림 (Acknowledgments) - 연구에관여된스폰서의역할 (role of sponsor) Role of the Sponsor: Progen International Inc supplied the neurochemical assay used in this study and funded the study. Through Dr. Kroll, Progen International Inc participated in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and in the preparation of the manuscrpt. Progen International Inc reviewed the manuscript before submission and paid for editing assistance. - 기업이후원하는연구에대해학술기관에서행하는독립적통계분석 (independent statistical analysis) Independent Statistical Analysis: Independent statistical review of the data included in this analysis was performed by Stuart Pocock, PhD, and Duolao Wang, both of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
- 좋은표와그래프의특징 표와그래프 (Table & Graph) 중요하거나꼭필요한정보를나타내거나강조하는데사용 대개의경우표와그래프의수를 5개이내로제한 표와그래프는하나의분명한포인트가있어야한다. 표는명료하고간결해야한다. 별도의설명과본문없이도해석되고이해될수있어야한다. 논리적인순서대로정리, 보통내림차순으로구성 본문, 표, 그래프모두에걸쳐일관성있는용어를사용 투고규정, 가이드라인등관련기준을따른다.
Elements of a Table Table
Table - 일반적지침 (general guideline) 표내에서가로줄과세로줄을사용하지않는다. 본문에서언급하는순서에따라번호를부여 (Table 1) 본문에서사용된 Table이하나일경우 (Table 또는 Table 1) 데이터필드를공란으로두지않으며 0 또는 - 로적절하게공란을채운다. 검사를시행하지않은경우에는 ND 또는 NA라고기재 표가길어다음페이지로넘어가는경우제목뒤에 continued" 를괄호로표기하며표의열제목을반복기재.
Table - 재목 (title) 표기지침 본문내언급되는순서에따라아라비아숫자순으로번호를매긴다. (Table 1, Table 2 ) 표의제목에서사용하는대소문자규칙은논문제목의대소문자규칙 을따르는것이일반적이지만학술지마다의정책에따라다르다. 표의제목은보통문장 (sentence) 보다는구 (phrase) 형태 행제목이표기되는맨좌측열 (left-hand column) 은독립변수 (independent variable) 를맨상단의행은열에따라종속변수 (dependent variable) 를표기 행과열의제목이수치를나타내면단위를함께기재
Table - 설명 (legend) 표기지침 첫번째기입 (entry): 일반적으로데이터의표기에관한설명을기재 두번째기입 : 표에사용된약어를풀이 세번째기입 : 주석 (footnote) 에대한설명을표기 네번째기입 : 테이블의정보원 (source) 과저작권자로부터의사용승인에대한내용을표기할수있다.
Graph - 일반적지침 투고규정과샘플그래프를보고사이즈를결정한다. 라인, 바그래프의경우대부분 1 column 폭이내로구성 읽기쉽게구성하고과한디자인을피한다. x축에독립변수 (independent variable) 를 y축에종속변수 (dependent variable) 그래프가장자리에상자모양으로테두리를두르지않는다. 바 (bar) 그래프의여러막대는 20% 의음영차를두도록한다. -적합한그래프선택하기 연속형 (continuous) 데이터 : 라인그래프 범주형 (categorical) 데이터 : 바그래프또는칼럼그래프.
- 라인그래프와바그래프의비교 Graph
- 축제목표기규칙 Graph
- 시간단위표기 표와그래프 (Table & Graph) 대부분의학술지들이 SI (International System of Units) 를준수 Year y, yr Month mo Week wk Day d, day Hour h, hr Minute min Second s, sec First week (o), 1st wk (o), Week 1 (o), First wk (x)
대한의학학술지편집인협의회학술지재평가항목 실물평가항목 2-10 표 (table) 의설명문안과배치 (1) 1 점 : 오탈자가없다. (2) 1 점 : 사용한설명각주가올바르다. (3) 1 점 : 표의내부중간에세로줄, 가로줄이없다. (4) 1 점 : 표의내부에정렬의일관성이있다. (5) 1 점 : 표의크기및배치가적절하다. (6) -3 점 : 원본표가아니거나남의표를사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3 점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합
Figure -Figure 형식 파일 format: TIFF, EPS (JPEG는해상도가높을경우 ) 적정 size: 그림의가로폭 (width) 이 4 inch ( 인쇄본 1 column 사이즈 ) 해상도 900 DPI/PPI for black and white images, such as line drawings or graphs. 600 DPI/PPI for photographs containing pictures and line elements, i.e., text labels, thin lines, arrows. 300 DPI/PPI for picture-only photographs. -Figure legend Fig. 1. Anatomy of a line graph (title). The legend provides additional descriptive information as needed to make the graph self-explanary (legend). Abbr., abbreviation (abbreviation). a) Fictitious, not actual, data (footnote). 현미경사진의경우염색방법및배율을기록함. ex) (H&E, x100), (IHC, x400), (Goldner's trichrome staning, x40) 등
대한의학학술지편집인협의회학술지재평가항목 실물평가항목 2-11 사진의선명도, 설명및배치 (1) 1 점 : 사진이선명하다. (2) 1 점 : 설명체재 ( 배율, 염색명등포함 ) 에일관성이있다. (3) 1 점 : 설명이정확하고 ( 사진에각주, 화살표등표시 ) 상세하다. (4) 1 점 : 크기와배치가적절하다. (5) 1 점 : 사진설명에오탈자가없다. (6) -3 점 : 원본사진이아니거나남의사진을사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3 점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합 2-12 도형그림 (line drawing) 의작성방법, 글씨크기및배치 (1) 1 점 : 도형그림이선명하다. (2) 1 점 : 글씨크기가적절하다. (3) 1 점 : 도형그림크기가적절하다. (4) 1 점 : 배치가적절하다. (5) 1 점 : 그림설명 ( 제목, 약어 ) 에오탈자가없다. (6) -3 점 : 타인의도형그림을사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3 점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합
Open access vs. Free access -Open access: CCL (Creative Commons License) 준수 -Attribution -Noncommercial -No Derivative Works -Share Alike -Free access: Get permission of copyright. Copyright & Permission
- 공공성을가지고있는정부공공기관이저작권자인경우 ( 국가기관, open acces 자료등 ) Copyright & Permission Data from (Adapted from, Data derived from) + 저작권자 ( 기관명 ). + 참고문헌인용번호 a Data from the US Census Bureau. 5 Adapted from the US Census Bureau. [5]. a Data derived from the US Census Bureau. 5) - 비상업적인이용과저작권자표기를조건으로하는공개접근 (open-access) 자료 Data from (Adapted from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지. + 참고문헌인용번호 Data from Baek et al. Virol J 2011;8:297. 2 Adapted from Baek et al. Virol J 2011;8:297. [21]
Copyright & Permission - 저작권자로부터사용승인을받아야하는경우 Reprinted from (Reproduced from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어 명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지. + with permission of + 저작권자 + 참고문헌인용번호 -Adapted from 으로저작물의복제, 변형에구분하지않고표기하기도함. 저작물을변형없이그대로사용할경우 Reprinted (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. [50] 저작물을변형하여사용할경우 ( 저작권자인일부출판사의경우저작물의변형 을허락하지않으므로승인절차시확인이필요하다.) Reproduced (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. 50 Modified (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. 50
Copyright & Permission -저자가본인의저작물을동일저작권자로부터재사용할경우저작권자의정책에따라다르지만대부분별도의승인없이사용할수있다. 이경우승인에대한내용은삭제하고인용표기를한다. Reprinted from (Reproduced from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지. + 참고문헌인용번호 Reprinted (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 50 Reproduced (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 50 Modified (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 50 Wiley Authors - Books & Journals Authors who publish in any Wiley or Wiley Blackwell titles retain a wide range of reproduction rights without having to ask our permission. Please refer to your Copyright Transfer Agreement for journal articles or your book contract. If you require a formal republication license for your material, you may obtain this online using the Rightslink service. Please see the Permissions & Reprints page for more information regarding the Rightslink service.
(A) Adapted from Rajagopalan S, et al. Sensors 2008;8:5081-95 [14], on the basis of Open Access. (B) Adapted from Dreher RD, et al. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1972;19:247-8 [6], with permission of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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Dreher RD, Timm GW, Bradley WE. Bladder volume sensing by local distension measurement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1972 May;19(3):247-8.
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사전적의미 - 다른사람의글을배끼거나아이디어를모방하면서마치자신의독창적인작품인것처럼발표하는행위 한국학술단체총연합회 - 타인의저작물의전부또는일부를적절한출처표시없이그대로사용하거나다른형태로바꾸어사용한경우 ( 부정확한정의 ) 국제의학편집인협의회 (WAME, World Association of Medical Editors) - 출처표시를하는경우, 1 문장정도 의도하지않은표절 (unintentional 또는 accidental plagiarism) 도표절
자기표절 (self plagiarism or text recycling) - 이미다른저작물에기술된바있는내용을새로운저작물에일부범위의내용을재사용하는것 중복게재 ( 이중게재, 중복출판 ) - 자신이발표했던저작물과유사하거나실질적으로동일한것을다시출판하는행위 - 일부사용하는자기표절에비해훨씬큰범위의동일한내용재사용 - 유형 논문쪼개기 (salami publication): 원래하나의연구를계획하고데이터를도출하였으나몇개의논문으로나누어발표하는행위 덧붙이기 (imalas publication): 먼저발표된조사의기간이나대상수를늘려서다시출판하는행위 번역출판
1. 다른사람의작업에출처표기 2. 안전한논문을위해서는따옴표! -- 인문계열 3. 표현을바꿀때는정확하게 4. 메모는신중하게 5. 일반적인과학상식에도출처표기
원고의기술방법 띄어쓰기 (spacing) 수식연산자 (mathematical symbols) 와숫자사이학술지의정책에따라 띄어쓰기여부의선택이가능하다. a + b a = b a ± b a > b a < b a+b a=b a±b a>b a<b 단위 (unit) 와숫자사이 온도 ( ) 와각도 ( ), 퍼센트 (%) 는숫자와반드시붙여서사용한다. 37.5 (o) 37.5 (x) 45 (o) 45 (x) 40% (o) 40 % (x) 그외단위들은숫자와띄어쓰기는하는것이일반적이다. 15 cm 20 mm 21 kg/m 2 140 nmol/l 100 mm Hg (AMA style 권장표기 ) 100 mmhg ( 학술지마다정책에따라관례적으로사용하는경우가많음 )
띄어쓰기 (spacing) 원고의기술방법 영문이나숫자의경우괄호앞에띄어쓰기를한다. 국문의경우는붙인다. 수식연산자 (=, +, -,,, > 등 ) 전후는약간의칸 (semi-space) 을주되, 연산자가형용사적으로쓰인경우에는띄어쓰지않는다. 20 ± 2% (ACS Style) / 20% ± 2% (AMA Style) p < 0.01 a conversion of >50% at 200 magnification 단위와숫자사이는띄어쓴다. ( 단, %, $,,, 는붙여쓴다.) 45 / 40% 160 (ACS Style) / 160 (AMA Style)
원고의기술방법 구두점 (Punctuation Marks) 쉼표 (,) and 나 or 로셋이상을나열할경우에사용한다. A, B, and C that is, namely, for example 등의앞뒤에사용한다. "e,g" 과 i.e." 뒤에사용한다. 날짜를기재할경우, 월이아닌일자뒤에콤마를사용한다. 문장에서는연도뒤에도콤마를사용한다 June 11, 1995 June 1995 On August 12, 1973, an extraordinary person was born.
원고의기술방법 하이픈 (hypen, -) 삭제표기 ante-, anti-, bi-, co-, contra-, counter-, de-, extra-, ecto-, mid-, multi-, non-, over-, post-, pre-, pseudo-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-, uni-, under-, semi-, intra- antimicrobial / nonresident / coauthor / overproduction / overrepresented preoperative / posttraumatic / midbrow / multicenter / interrater 2 개의동일한모음또는 3 개의동일한자음이올경우하이픈유지 semi-independent / intra-abdominal / anti-inflammatory hull-less / bell-like 서로다른의미 re-treat vs. retreat/ re-formation vs. reformation / re-creation vs. recrea
두단어복합어의접두어는하이픈으로연결 non-english-speaking colleagues 원고의기술방법 화학용어와접두어는하이픈으로연결 non-phenyl atoms 숫자, 고유명사, 고유형용사와접두어, 접미어는하이픈으로연결 pre-1900s anti-markovnikov 10-fold Kennedy-like
원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) 두문자어 (acronyms and initialism) 를구성하는단어 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Colpidogrel as Adjunctive Repurfusion Therapy (CLARITY) Table, Figure 등과같은지정어 (designator)... summarized in Table 2. Table 1. Characteristics of allergy dermititis group.... the middle third of the basilar artery (Figure 1). 유전자기호 (gene symbol): 이탤릭체대문자 AFP B2M GLA NTSC GAPDH
원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) 종속명 (genus and species names) Streptococcus pyogenes streptococci ( 복수 ) streptococcal ( 파생형용사 ) 제목이나문두에서사용될경우그리스문자다음처음나오는비그리스문자 (non-greek letter) 는대문자로표기한다. β-blocker use during pregnance increases the risk that an infant will be small for gestational age. 아래표기는문장내위치에상관없이대소문자를그대로유지한다. PubMed / PubMed Central / Scopu / Embase / MEDLINE / Internet / Web 등
원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) Prefix, Suffix: Anti-, Intra-, Self- 등 Anti-inflammatory Intra-abdominal Self-referral A single word Long-term (ACS style Long-Term) Follow-up (ACS style Follow-Up) Part-time X-ray Temporary compound, Equal weight Cost-Benefit Low-Level B-Cell Age-Related
원고의기술방법 단위 (Metric Units) 복수형 (plurals) 으로쓰지않는다. 70 L (o) 70 Ls (x) 형용사로쓰일경우하이픈 (-) 을사용한다 a 10-mm strip and 8-L container 소수점표기시소수점앞에 0 을표기한다. 0.123 (0).123 (x) P < 0.01 P <.01 단위로이름의성이쓰이는경우대문자로하지않는다. ampere / curie / gauss
원고의기술방법 단위 (Metric Units) 분수 (fraction) 표기 시간 (time) 표기 : The surgery lasted 3¼ hours. ( 분수표기 ) 2.5 kg (o) / 2½ kg (x) SI unit 은분수와함께사용하지않는다 SI unit 표기 Length: cm / m / km Area: cm 2 / m 2 / km 2 Mass: g / kg Volume: ml / L / m 3 (not cc) 범위나연속된숫자에서단위는마지막에만기술 10 12 mg / 5, 10, and 20 kv / between 25 and 50 ml / ACS Style: 10 20% / between 10 and 20% / from 10 to 20% AMA Style: 10% 20% / between 10% and 20% / from 10% to 20%
원고의기술방법 이탤릭체 (Italics) 학술지의정책에따라제목 (heading) 의단계구분에사용된다 PRIMARY HEADING Secondary Heading Tertiary heading 도서나저널등의표기에사용된다. New England Journal of Medicine Allergy: principles and practice 영어가아닌 (non-english) 단어나구의경우 영어의일부분이된단어나구는이탤릭처리하지않으나학술지에따라 관례적으로이탤릭체로사용한다. in vivo in vitro en bloc in vivo in vitro en bloc
원고의기술방법 이탤릭체 (Italics) 미생물, 식물, 동물의속 (genus) 과종 (species) 단수 (singular) 와품종 (variety), 이종 (subspecies) 의형태에이탤릭체를사용한다. 복수와형용사형, 강 (class), 목 (order), 과 (family) 는이탤릭체를사용하지않는다. Baciliacae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus staphylococci staphylococcal 통계용어 학술지의정책에따라이탤릭체사용여부가다르다. P r U df R 2 P r U df R 2
원고의기술방법 숫자 (Numerals) 문두에올경우풀어서표기한다. Six-Month Trial of Bupropion With Contingency Management for Cocaine Dependence in a Methadone-Maintained Population 분모와분자사이에 % 가끼어들지않도록한다. Death occurred in 6 of 200 patients (3%). (o) Death occurred in 6 (3%) of 200 patients. (x) 시간의표시 ACS Style: 12:15 a.m. 4:00 p.m. AMA Style: 12:15 AM 4:00 PM
원고의기술방법 숫자 (Numerals) 분수표기 일반적인분수표기는하이픈이들어간단어로풀어서표기한다. Of those attending, nearly three-fourths were members of the association. 시간 (time) 표기의경우소수점표기보다는분수표기를사용한다. The surgery lasted 3¼ hours. 문장내숫자풀어쓰기 AMA Style: 일반적으로아라비아숫자로표기 ( 예외, 문두표기, 분수, 서수등 ) ACS/IEEE Style: 10 미만의숫자는단어로풀어쓰고, 10 이상의숫자는아라비아숫자로쓴다. ( 예외 : 5, 8, and 12 experiments; 연속된숫자나범위표기시 10 이상의숫자가포함된경우 ) 서수표기 first 에서 ninth 까지단어로풀어쓰고 11th 부터아라비아숫자사용
REFERENCES Iverson C, Christiansen S, Flanagin A, Fontanarosa PB, Glass RM, Gregoline B, Lurie SJ, et al., editors, AMA manual of style: a guide for authors and editors. 10 th ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.; 2007. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3rd ed.; Coghill, A. M., Garson, L. R., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006. IEEE (Oct. 2015). IEEE editorial style manual. https://www.ieee.org/documents/style_manual.pdf.