Unknown

ontents 02 26

50 æ 100 g 50 æ 500 g (50, 100 g) (50, 500 g)

kcal/kg æ 1 0.4 0.21 0.19 0.11 21 12 41 21 11 12 14 100 g 200 g 400 g 0 æ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 g 200 g 400 g 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 500 g 0 æ 5 5 5 æ 10 æ 16 æ 20 æ 40 æ 2 kg 20 æ 70 æ 20 70 1 kcal/kg æ 2 kcal 4 kcal 5 kcal 70 kcal 100 kcal 23 æ 0.6 kcal/kg æ 700 g 21 kcal 23 æ 27 æ 50 æ 70 æ 73 æ

2 5 0 10 20 30 kcal 12 21 23 31 32 70 17 57 59 71 75 35 10 0 cold insert

0 æ 0 K K 100 20 æ 70 æ 2 20 æ 70 æ æ æ 0 20 70 2 30 55 4 37 45 6 40 40 8 40 40 10 æ 200 K 4 6 8 ~ 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ~ >> >> >> >> >> 1 5

0.5 kg 15 æ 40 æ 1 kcal/kg æ 8.5 kcal 9.5 kcal 12.5 kcal 15 kcal 25 kcal 60 æ 0.1 kg 0 æ 0.2 kg 10 æ 0.1 kcal/kg æ 0.2 kcal/kg æ 0.3 kcal/kg æ 0.4 kcal/kg æ 0.5 kcal/kg æ

11 12 14 21 41 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 10 10 5 2 O

~ ~

0 æ 50 æ 50 æ 0 æ 50 æ

0 æ1 273 ml 15 æ 0 ml 273 ml 288 ml 300 ml 546 ml V P V O D P D P_V D ~D D<<<

~

1 0 1 2 1 2 3 ml 60 30 20 4 ml ~

1 100 æ

0 æ1 0 æ1 0 æ2 10 æ1 20 æ1 20 æ2 4 L V L ( ) 0.2 0.5 1 2 4 2 1 0 1 2 P()

~ == << << << << D E F ~F D E F

( ) 53 E F G 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 D EF 53 æ D 0 æ1 546 ml 100 æ ml

97.2 2.8 E 0.03 2.15 ~E D 0.62 D E 2 300 275 ppm 250 225 200 175 0 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8-10 0 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 2 3 1 kg 27.2g 32 33 34 35 36 3.8g 1.7 g 1.3 g 1.0 g

psu 1 kg g 100 36 0 35 34 cm100 80 40 0 40 80 N S ( ) ( ) 500 g 17 g 30 500 g 17 g 33 34 35 40 200 D E ~E E E E E D 33 31 40 77 % 35 1 kg g 27 g 31 g 40 g 70 g 80 g

( ) 0 10 20 30 m 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 ( ) N 60 30 0 30 60 S 150 m ( ) 20 E 60 E 100 E 140 E 180 140 W 100 W 60 W 20 W 1000 1500 2 E E D 2

1000 m 1000 g g 24.1 3.4 1.5 3.0 32 % 35 g E D

97.2 2.8 2.15 0.62 0.03 35 97.2 % 6000 5000 4000 3000 km 3 2000 1000 0 1900 1940 1980 2020 35 2 kg 35 g 40 g 70 g 105 g 140 g 2 1900

cm 200 100 0 8060 30 0 30 60 N S 30 31 1 kg 1.5 g 3 g 30 g 31 g 146 g 1 kg 80 N 60 N 40 N 20 N 0 20 S 40 S 60 S 80 S 28 26 24 22 16 1820 14 10 12 6 8 4 2 0 10 8 12141618 20 22 26 24 28 28 30 26 30 24 22 20 18 1614 12 8 10 4 6 2 0 4 2 6 10 1214 16 20 18 24 22 26 28 26 24 22 20 1816 14 1210 4 6 8 20 g % 27.2 77.7 3.8 10.9 1.7 4.7 1.3 3.6 1.0 3.1 35 100 140 g 1 kg 2 kg 4 kg 6 kg 8 kg

0 150 m ( ) 1000 2000 5 ( ) 15 20 10 60 N 30 0 30 60 S 100 E 140 180 140 100 60 W E D E D ~E D E E

2 D D 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8-10 40 30 20 10 300 280 260 240 220 200 ppm 4,000 m ( ) 0 10 20 30 m 500 1000 1500 2000 ( ) 2500 ~ 2 31.0 32.0 33.0 33.5 () 34.5 34.6 34.0 34.8 34.6

V 1 3 1 5 æ 5 æ 5 æ 42 æ 28 æ 22 æ 2 4 26

p.44 5 7 6 20 æ 2 kg 70 æ500 g 8 0 (20 æ,2 kg) (70 æ,500 g) 70 30 20 0 70 30 20 0 70 45 20 0 70 30 20 0 70 45 20 0 9 60 m 1 æ 1 mm 0.6 m 50 æ 0.5 mm 1.5 mm 0.5 mm 1.5 mm 27

10 12 O O O O O 13 1. 04343 ml ( ) 1. 00000 0 4 100 11 4 æ 14 10 ml 10.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 10.5 ml 10.5 ml 10 ml 28

p.44 VI 1 3 ph ph ph ph ph 2 4 1 1 10 cm 5 cm 2 29

5 J 7 x x h mmhg hmm xmm 1 760 0 36 2 760 380 3 760 760 18 4 760 12 2 24 4 1520 2 3 J 2> 4 J 8 0 æ1 1092 ml 27 æ4 ml 6 9 1 20 273 ~ 273 æ 4 > < 30

10 12 ;3!; 0 æ 11 13 31

14 ;3!; 0 æ 0 æ 0 æ 0 æ 0 æ 16 ~ æ æ -214-10 -39 60 0 100 ~ 25 æ 15 17 32

p.46 VII 1 97.2 2.8 2.15 0.62 0.03 2.8 % 4 2 7.7 22.5 22.3 47.5 5 3 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8-10 40 300 280 260 240 220 200 D ppm 30 20 10 ~D ~D 33

6 1 kg 35 1 kg 9 90 120 70 100 90 60 ~ 1 kg 35 g >> >> == >> >> 7 ~D 1 kg 10 cm 200 ( ) 100 0 806030030 N 60S D 1 kg g 25.64 28.32 27.20 24.10 60 N 0 60 S 60 N 0 60 S 60 N 0 60 S ~D ===D >>>D 60 N 0 60 S 60 N 0 60 S >>>D >>>D D>>> 8 35 500 g 19 g 11 8060 30 0 30 60 N S 34

12 1000 g g 15 g 26.42 24.86 3.71 3.49 1.63 1.54 2.24 2.11 2 æ 4 6 8 16 10 1820 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 8 æ 20 21 23 25 24 25 26 26 27 25 27 27 27 28.5 28 28 28 13 1 kg g 31.0 x 1.8 1.4 1.4 15.5 2.2 0.9 y 0.7 14 x2.2 g y1.4 g 40 2 25 20 15 10 5 N60 40 20 0 20 40 60 S 60 N 60 N 0 60 S 0 60 S 60 N 60 N () 0 60 S 0 60 S 60 N 0 60 S 16 ~ 0 m 500 0 5 10 15 20 30 a c b 1000 1500 b c 35

17 ~ 20 10 0 32 33 34 35 (psu) 19 20 18 D D 21 36

2 =;2#;;1!;= 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 g 5 80 æ 500 g 5 80 æ_;5!;=16 æ 9 10 = _ =;2!;;1@;=14 11 = =1 kcal/kg æ_2 kg_70-20æ=100 kcal 21 kcal 12 = = _ 0.6 kcal/kg æ_0.7 kg =50 æ 23 æ 23 æ 50 æ 73 æ 13 3 14 =35 æ25 æ=75 57 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 >> 23 24 25 37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0æ+273=273K 2-273 æ< -73 æ< 0 æ< 10 æ< 100 æ 3 4 5 8 6 7 >> 8 9 10 11 12 = =1 kcal/kg æ_0.5 kg_40-15æ=12.5 kcal 13 c_0.1_ 50=1_0.2_10 c=0.4kcal/kg æ 14 15 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ~ ~ ~ 24 25 38

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 ml 25 26 1 2 3 4 < < 5 6 7 8 P_V ~D ~D D ~D <<<D 9 t 10 V =Vº+Vº_ 15 æ 273 15 V =273 ml+273 ml_ =288 ml 273 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 39

22 23 24 4 5 P _V =P _V 1_60 ml=5_v V =12 ml 25 26 5 6 7 8 9 P _V =P _V 1_2 L=P _4 LP =0.5 10 11 0 æ1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 746 ml 24 25 1 2 3 4 << < < 12 13 14 15 D 16 40

17 == 18 19 ( ) D 53 E F = + + G 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 20 21 22 t 23 V =Vº+Vº_ 100 æ 273 100 V ºº=546 ml+546 ml_ =746 ml 273 24 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 D E 2 3 1 4 42 4 5 6 1 kg 35 g 35 7 8 500 g 17 g 1000 g 34 g 34 500 g17 g=1000 gxx=34 g 34 17 g _1000=34 500 g 9 - E 10-0 11 41

12 13 35 77 % 77 35 g_?27 g 100 14 15 16 17 24 1.5 g _100?4.7 % 32 g 32 1000 g 32 25 32 3.4 g=35 xx?3.7 g 32 3.4 g=35 x 26 18 D E D E D E 19 20 21 22 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.65 % 2 1900 3 42

5 35 1 kg 35 g 2 kg 35 g _2=70 g 6 + 7 > < 8 140 g 9 _1000=35 x=4000 g x 4 kg 140 g 10 35 1.7 g 35 1.7 g=31 xx?1.5 g 4.7 % 4.7 31 g_?1.5 g 100 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 D E 18 DE 19 E 20 21 D 22 23 24 25 ~ ~ ~ 26 43

8 >> 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 t =1 kcal/(kg æ)_2 kg_(t-20 æ) =(2t-40)kcal =1 kcal/(kg æ)_0.5 kg_(70 æ-t) =(35-0.5t)kcal 2t-40=35-0.5t t=30(æ) 30 æ 7 ;10!0; 50 ;10!0;_50 =;2!; 0.5 mm 10 11 12 13 4 æ 0 æ 14 0.5 ml 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 300 ml 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 44

2 > 3 ph ph ph ph 4 2 2 5 J + 1 3 2 ;2!; 2 760+380=1140mmHg 1 P _x =P _x 760_36=1140_=24mm P _x =P _x 760_36=760+_12=1520mm 2 3 2 4 2 4 2< 4 6 7 8 P _V =P _V 1_1092 ml=4_v V =273 ml V Vº t V =Vº+Vº_ 273 27 V =273 ml+273 ml_ =300 ml 273 9 2 = 2 4 < 10 11 100 æ 12-20 æ 45

13 14 15 16 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 0.65 % 2 3 4 5 D 6 35 1 kg 965 g 35 g 7 1 kg g >>>D 8 500 g 19 g 1000 g 38 g 38 35 9 - - -103010 >> 10 30 11 12 34 32 13 x 4.4 g 46

y 0.7 g 40 20 ;2!; 14 15 16 a b c a 17 18 D 19 20 21 47

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