11-1480523-000748-01 배경지역 ( 백령도 ) 에서의 대기오염물질특성연구 (Ⅲ) 기후대기연구부대기환경연구과,,,,,,, Ⅲ 2010
목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i
목차 Ⅳ ii
목차 iii
목차 iv
목차 μg m3 μg m3 v
목차 vi
Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ μm μg m3 1
Ⅰ. 서론 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μm 2
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. km km km. 3
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 그림 2-1. Location of the Baengnyeong island. 4
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법. Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 5
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 그림 2-2. Inflow regions classification 6
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 표 2-1. Source profiles used for PMF 7
Ⅲ. 14 80 12 SO 2 NO 2 Concentration(ppb) 10 8 6 4 Concentration(ppb) 60 40 20 2 0 Baengnyung Bulkwang Guweol 0 Baengnyung Bulkwang Guweol 2.0 CO 80 O 3 1.5 60 Concentration(ppm) 1.0 Concentration(ppb) 40 0.5 20 0.0 Baengnyung Bulkwang Guweol 0 Baengnyung Bulkwang Guweol 그림 3-1. Box plots of gas concentration at each site 8
표 3-1. SO 2, NO 2, CO, O 3 concentration at each site Averge Standard deviation Median Maximum Minimum Valid Meas. 1) SO 2, NO 2, O 3 - ppb, CO - ppm 2) BN - baengnyung, BK - Bulkwang, GW - Guweol 9
. 20 SO 2 15 Concentration (ppb) 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 그림 3-2. Monthly variations of SO 2 concentration 10
30 25 NO 2 Concentration (ppb) 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 그림 3-3. Monthly variations of NO 2 concentration 0.8 CO 0.6 Concentration (ppm) 0.4 0.2 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 그림 3-4. Monthly variations of CO concentration 11
80 O 3 60 Concentration (ppb) 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 그림 3-5. Monthly variations of O 3 concentration 12
표 3-2. Seasonal concentration of SO 2, NO 2, CO, O 3 Average Standard deviation Median Maximum Minimum Valid Meas. SO 2, NO 2, O 3 - ppb, CO - ppm 13
. 1200 1000 SO2 Total Frequency number 800 600 400 권역 1 권역 2 권역 3 권역 4 권역 5 권역 6 200 0 0.1 1 10 100 Concentration(ppb) 그림 3-6. Frequency distribution of SO 2 concentration 1800 1600 NO2 Total Frequency number 1400 1200 1000 800 600 권역 1 권역 2 권역 3 권역 4 권역 5 권역 6 400 200 0 0.1 1 10 100 Concentration(ppb) 그림 3-7. Frequency distribution of NO 2 concentration 14
800 CO Total Frequency number 600 400 권역 1 권역 2 권역 3 권역 4 권역 5 권역 6 200 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Concentration(ppm) 그림 3-8. Frequency distribution of CO concentration 15
700 600 O3 Total Frequency number 500 400 300 200 권역 1 권역 2 권역 3 권역 4 권역 5 권역 6 100 0 1 10 100 1000 Concentration(ppb) 그림 3-9. Frequency distribution of O 3 concentration. (Pollution Rose Diagram) 16
그림 3-10 Pollution rose diagram. PMF Contribution(%) 35 30 25 20 15 10 Spring Summer Autumn Winter 5 0 Fuel combustion Secondary aerosol Biomass Soil burning dust Aged sea salt etc 그림 3-11. Seasonal Source distribution of Baengnyeong island 17
그림 3-12. Source contributions of each season 18
. Ⅲ 2.4% Ⅳ 5.9% Ⅴ 14.5% Ⅵ 0.7% Ⅱ 39.2% Ⅰ 37.3% 그림 3-13. Occurrence frequency by inflow regions 19
표 3-3. Average concentration of Air pollutants by inflow regions Item SO 2 (ppb) NO 2 (ppb) CO (ppm) O 3 (ppb) PM 10 ( μg / m3 ) PM 2.5 ( μg / m3 ) Freq. (#) 20
표 3-4. Characteristic analysis of particle elements by inflow regions 21
. μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 100 PM Conc. (ug/m 3 ) 75 50 25 A_2.5 A_10 0 Annual Sping Summer Autumn Winter 그림 3-14. Seasonal PM concentration variation 22
μm μm μm 그림 3-15. Size Distribution with MOUDI 23
β σ σ 24
표 3-5. Variations of CV with respect to n source: U.K Department of the Environment, "Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards: Particles," United Kingdom of HMSO, London(1995). 25
( 가 ) 입자상물질중탄소성분의농도 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 26
( 나 ) 이차생성유기탄소농도의산정 표 3-6. Estimation of secondary organic carbon ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ ㆍ 27
μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 표 3-7. Calculation of OC and SOC μ 28
표 3-8. Literature values of OC and EC for PM 2.5 in various area around world μg m3 29
그림 3-16. Ion composition ratio of PM at Baengnyeong island μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 30
그림 3-17. Elemental composition ratio of PM at Baengnyeong island m3 m3 m3 m3 μg m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 31
m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 μg m3 μg m3 표 3-9. Annual Chemical Composition of PM 2.5 & PM 10 μg m3 32
μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 그림 3-18. Reconstructed chemical composition model of PM 33
표 3-10. Seasonal PM 2.5 Component Concentration by Gravimetric Method μg m3 m3 μg m3 μg m3 34
표 3-11. Seasonal PM 10 Component Concentration by Gravimetric Method μg m3 m3 μg m3 35
표 3-12. Seasonal Particulate Matter Component Concentration by Real-time Measurement μg m3 μg m3 m3 36
그림 3-19. Time Series of AMS Analysis Result 37
μ μ 그림 3-20. Back Trajectory Residence Time Analysis 38
그림 3-21. Potential Source Contribution Functions(Organic Aerosol and Sulfate) 그림 3-22. Two main factors were found in AMS PMF analysis 39
μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml 40
(g/m 2 /month) 4 3 2 1 Wet Deposition 2- SO 4 - NO 3 Cl - + NH 4 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ H + 0 January February March April May June July August September 그림 3-23. Monthly variations of wet deposition amounts of major ions 41
Ⅳ. 결론 Ⅳ.. μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3. 42
Ⅳ. 결론.. μg m3 μg m3 μg m3. μg m3 μg m3 43
Ⅳ. 결론. PMF. PM 1. μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml μg ml 44
참고문헌 45
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