Microsoft Word - Flexzone3P-Bulletin.doc

FLEXZONE 3P High Activity Chemical Antiozonant N H N H Chemtura Corporation, Technical Business Support www.chemtura.com 199 Benson Road, Middlebury, CT 06747 (800) 243-5098 (203) 573-3773 FAX (203) 573-2525

Page - 1 - FLEXZONE 3P An outstanding chemical, combining exceptional protection against Flexing, Ozone, Heat and Oxygen in rubber products 천연고무와합성고무제품을위한보호제로써 Flexzone 3P 는 Uniroyal 연구개발실에서개발된 탁월한화학약품이다. Flexzone 3P 는고무제품에서열, 산소뿐만아니라오존과굴곡피로악화에 대해이례적인저항성을제공하기때문에매우독특하다. 타이어, 절연와이어 & 케이블, 호스, 신발, 기계부품과다른고무제품들의실제일반시험에서, Flexzone 3P 는다른어떤범용화학약품보다굴곡균열과오존공격에대한저항성에서현저히 높은결과를얻었다. Flexzone 3P 는또한우수한내 - 구리제??(anti-copper agent) 이다. Flexzone 3P는좀더높은레벨품질의고무제품을제조하도록도와준다. 이불레틴은천연고무와합성고무에대한 Flexzone 3P의기본추천사항을포함하고있다. 비록 Flexzone 3P의데이터와추천사항이타이어용으로주로다루어져있다하더라도, 본제품은모든고무제품제조업체에게일반적으로적용될수있을것이다. Flexzone 3P는분산이쉬운플레이크형태이다. 열-노화시험은본제품이극심한조건하에서상대적으로비휘발성이고, 자체보호값을가진다. Flexzone 3P는소나무타르, 스테아린산, 촉진제류, 흑색과다른일반컴파운드물질에의해분해되는다른특정 phenylene diamine 오존노화방지제처럼다른컴파운드조성에불리하게민감하지않다. 화학구조 Flexzone 3P 는 N-isopropyl-N -phenyl-p-phenylene diamine 이다. 응용 CH3 CH NH NH CH3 Flexzone 3P 는다목적산화방지제 - 오존노화방지제로, 타이어, 와이어 & 케이블, 호스, 신발, 기계부품에매우유용하다. 사실, 노화, 굴곡혹은오존저항성이요구되는모든고무에이점이 있다. 특히, 천연고무, SBR 과이두폴리머의혼합물에서더욱효과적이다. 일반적으로말하면, 폴리머타입, 컴파운드조성, 서비스조건과요구하는보호효과에따라의존한다.

Page - 2 - Flexzone 3P 는변색과오염이주요인자인제품의사용에는추천하지않는다. 사용량 (on 100 parts of RHC) 컴파운드의왁스사용유무에따라의존하며사용량은다양하다. 정적오존균열의최대저항성을 위해서는아래나타낸것처럼 Sunproof Improved 혹은 Sunproof Extra 를 1~2% 조합하여 사용한다. Recommended Amounts of Flexzone 3P TYPE OF RUBBER Natura l Rubber SBR Typical Application No Wax Truck Tread With Wax Truck Sidewall No Wax Tread With Wax Tread With Wax Sidewall As General Purpose Antioxidant 1.5-2.0 1.5-2.0 1.0-1.5 1.0-1.5 1.0-1.5 (Heat and Oxygen Resistance) For Maximum Resistance to Flex 1.5-2.0 1.5-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.5-2.0 1.5-2.0 Cracking For Maximum Resistance to 1.5-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.5-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.5-2.0 Ozone Cracking Sunproof Improved or Extra Wax - 1.5-2.5-1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0 (PHR) 본제품이타이어사이드월에서오존노화방지제로사용될때, Sunproof Improved 혹은 Sunproof Extra 같은보호왁스를 1~2% 조합하여사용된다면, 정적오존균열에대해현저한보호효과를 보여준다. 이경우에서, Sunproof 는 Flexzone 3P 의표면이동조력자로써의기능을하는것으로 믿고있다. 선형파라핀왁스보다는조합된왁스인 Sunproof Improved 와 Sunproof Extra 와 Flexzone 3P 를함께조합사용하는것이권장된다. 이리포트에서 Flexzone 3P 사용량은고무 탄화수소의 % 를기초로나타내었다. 변색 Flexzone 3P은변색과오염이문제가되는백색, 밝은색제품에는추천하지않는다. 빛에노출된가황된컴파운드에서암회갈색변색이발생된다. Flexzone 3P은역시락커 (lacquer) 와섬유를오염시킨다. 오존과산소공격영향하에서, 본제품은타이어사이드월같은고무제품의표면에존재하는 clay 류와 talc 류를변색시킨다. 이변색은 Flexzone 3P 와오존라디칼사이의화학반응으로부터 형성된색상반응물질이므로닦거나씻어없앨수있다. 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

Page - 3 - Blooming Limits of Flexzone 3P in Natural Rubber Treads at Various Temperatures (45 parts of black - no wax) Type of Black 21 C (70 F) -7 C (20 F) Comments N-330 (HAF) 2.5% 1.5% no bloom in one year at -7 C (20 F) N-220 (ISAF) 3% 1.9% no bloom in 6 months at -7 C (20 F) N-110 (SAF) 4% 2.5% no bloom in 6 months at -7 C (20 F) 컴파운딩물성 가교속도영향 : 약간활성 가공 : Flexzone 3P 는밀혹은반버리믹서로가공할때고무컴파운드에쉽게분산된다. 블루밍 : 일반조건하에서본제품은용해성이며, 퍼니스블랙과함께사용될때 1.5~2.5phr 정도, 챤넬블랙타입과함께사용시 3phr까지는천연고무가황물에블루밍하지않는다. SBR폴리머에서본제품의블루밍한계는 3phr이상이다. 다른컴파운드의조성비, 시험조건등으로인해블루밍에영향을받기때문에, 특수응용을위한사용자는최종추천사용량을설정하기이전에충분히잘시험을하여결정해야한다. -7 C (20 F) 에서의데이터는냉동박스에보관된가황시트로부터얻어졌다. 이조건은겨울에난방이없는창고의트럭타이어같은고무제품보관에관한모의실험이다. 본제품의용해도는천연고무보다 SBR 컴파운드에서가장높다. 2% 의 Sunproof Improved wax와조합되어 N- 550(FEF) 에 2.5% 의 Flexzone 3P가사용된 SBR 사이드월에서는실제블루밍이없는것을확인하였다. 본제품의블루밍한계는온도, 카본타입과다른인자에영향을받는것은분명하다. FLEXZONE 3P IN TRUCK TREADS 현재실제로트럭트레드는천연고무와 N-330 (HAF) 혹은 N-220 (ISAF) 블랙등과혼련되어컴파운딩된다. N-220 (ISAF) 카본이 N-330 (HAF) 카본보다 5~15% 더좋은트레드마일리지를보이지만, 특히나일론코드카카스가있는특정건축용타이어에서는균열하는경향이있다. Flexzone 3P 는타이어트레드에서강력한균열과컷트성장 ( 상처커짐 ) 억제제이다. 이사실은 첨부된 dumbbell 굴곡, 내구컷트성장과초기외부동적균열테스트데이터에서보여진다.

Page - 4 - 실제, 사이즈 9.00과 10.00크기타이어실험에서, 본제품은천연고무에 1.5~2% 로컴파운드에사용될때, 트레드홈균열을상당히감소시킨다. 연구실데이터에서 N-220 (ISAF) 카본은 N-330 (HAF) 카본보다좀더균열하는경향이있다는 것을보여준다. Flexzone 3P 는다음페이지에요약된것처럼두카본모두에서크랙을 감소시킨다. 타이어컴파운드에서 N-220(ISAF) 와 Flexzone 3P 과의조합사용은균열균형에서 이전에가능했던것보다좀더트레드마모에대한더좋은유연성을얻을수있는가능성을 데이터는제시한다. Flexzone 3P 는 N-110(SAF) 카본트레드에서도역시가능하다. 데이터는 N-110(SAF) 카본 트레드컴파운드에서강력한굴곡저항성을나타내고있다. COMPOUNDING TRUCK TREADS WITH FLEXZONE 3P FOR IMPROVED GROOVE CRACKING RESISTANCE 이데이터는트럭트레드컴파운드의굴곡, 균열저항성개선에서의 Flexzone 3P 효과를 입증하는데, 최상의결과는 Flexzone 3P 를 BLE 25 와 Flexamine 를함께조합사용하는 것으로써얻을수있다. A B C D E F Smoked Sheet 100 Furnace Black (as shown) 45 Pine Tar 4.5 Stearic Acid 4.5 Zinc Oxide 4.5 Delac S 0.5 Sulfur BLE 25 2.5 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

Page - 5 - HIGHLIGHTS OF DATA BLE 25 A --- B 1.0 C --- D --- E --- F 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 Unaged demattia Flexing Kilocycles to Break N-330 (HAF) Black 217 356 365 391 430 433 N-220 (ISAF) Black 268 395 388 481 675 629 Flex Crack Growth mm (0.001 in.) per Kilocycle Air Aged 96 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) N-330 (HAF) Black mm.086.018.011.008.008.005 (0.001 in.) (3.4) (0.7) (0.4) (0.3) (0.3) (0.2) N-220 (ISAF) Black mm.109.038.043 030.023.011 (0.001 in.) (4.3) (1.5) (1.7) (1.2) (0.9) (0.4) Outdoor Dynamic Cracking - Kilocycle to Form Objectionable Cracking N-330 (HAF) Black 3,756 12,375 8,480 13,972 23,611 24,000+ N-220 (ISAF) Black 1,991 4,104 5,786 7,586 12,569 13,329 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline

Page - 6 - DETAILED DATA - TRUCK TREADS N330 (HAF) Carbon Black BLE 25 A --- B 1.0 C --- D --- E --- F 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 Mooney at 100 C (212 F) Viscosity, ML(1+4) 66 64 62 62 62 61 Mooney Scorch MS at 132 C (270 F) Scorch time, t 3, minutes 14 15 15 15 14 15 Cured 45 Min. at 144 C (292 F) Hardness, Shore A 65 64 65 66 66 66 300% Modulus, MPa 12.4 11.5 12.4 11.5 11.6 11.0 (psi) (1800) (1670) (1800) (1670) (1680) (1600) Tensile Strength, MPa 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.4 23.5 25.2 (psi) (3640) (3630) (3600) (3540) (3410) (3650) Elongation at Break, % 520 540 510 520 500 550 Air Aged 96 hrs at 100 C (212 F) Tensile Strength, MPa 4.6 10.2 10.1 11.0 10.3 12.3 ( psi) (670) (1480) (1460) (1590) (1490) (1780) Elongation at Break, % 195 240 260 280 235 240 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline

Page - 7 - N330 (HAF) Carbon Black A B C D E F BLE 25 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 Oxygen Aged 96 hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) Tensile Strength, MPa 7.0 15.9 16.6 16.9 16.4 17.1 (psi) (1010) (2310) (2400) (2450) (2380) (2480) Elongation at Break, % 310 390 370 370 365 380 Flexing Resistance DeMattia Dumbbell Extension Kilocycles to Failure Unaged 217 356 365 394 430 433 Air 48 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) 80 176 180 226 275 288 Oxygen 48 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) 50 199 105 139 209 225 and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) Cut Growth mm (0.001 In.) per Kilocycle Unaged mm.018.008.005.005.008.008 (0.001 in) (0.7) (0.3) (0.2) (0.2) (0.3) (0.3) Air 96 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) mm.086.018.011.008.008.005 (0.001 in.) (3.4) (0.7) (0.4) (0.3) (0.3) (0.2) Oxygen 96 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) mm.122.020.020.011.013.013 (0.001 in.) (4.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.4) (0.5) (0.5) Outdoor Dynamic Cracking Kilocycles to: Crack Initiation 404 2029 3683 7109 7109 7109 Very Slight Crack Growth 2503 7109 4967 10684 10684 10684 Small Cracks 3125 10684 7285 12987 20185 24000 Cracked Badly 3756 12375 8480 13972 23611 - Test stopped at 24,000 kilocycles * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline 추천 천연고무트럭트레드에서다목적노화방지제 - 오존노화방지제와굴곡균열억제제로써, 최소 1.5 의 Flexzone 3P 를사용한다. 최고의보호효과가요구되는곳에는 2.0 Flexzone 3P, 1.0 BLE 25 와 0.6 Flexamine 을사용한다.

Page - 8 - N-220 (ISAF) Carbon Black A B C D E F BLE 25 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 Mooney at 100 C (212 F) Viscosity, ML(1+4) 82 78 82 80 82 76 Mooney Scorch at 132 C (270 F) Scorch, MS t 3, minutes 16 15 14 15 14 14 Cured 45 min. at 144 C (292 F) Hardness, Shore A 67 66 66 67 68 68 300% Modulus, MPa 13.0 11.7 12.6 13.0 12.1 12.1 (psi) (1880) (1700) (1820) (1880) (1750) (1750) Tensile Strength, MPa 25.2 26.9 27.2 26.1 26.8 25.2 (psi) (3650) (3900) (3950) (3780) (3890) (3660) Elongation at Break, % 480 530 510 510 530 510 Air Aged 96 hrs at 100 C (212 F) Tensile Strength, MPa 4.3 6.1 6.4 7.9 7.2 6.8 (psi) (620) (890) (930) (1140) (1050) (980) Elongation at Break, % 120 150 140 140 185 180 Oxygen Aged 96 hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) Tensile Strength, MPa 9.2 17.8 17.2 17.9 18.5 17.8 (psi) (1330) (2580) (2490) (2590) (2680) (2580) Elongation at Break, % 340 430 410 390 400 390 Flexing Resistance DeMattia Dumbbell Extension Kilocycles to Failure Unaged 268 395 388 481 675 629 Air 48 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) 50 156 108 132 167 274 Oxygen 48 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) 50 93 50 55 70 105 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

Page - 9 - N-220 (ISAF) Carbon Black A B C D E F BLE 25 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 Flexamine -- 0.6 --- --- --- 0.6 Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 Cut Growth mm (0.001 In.) Kilocycle Unaged mm.020.011.011.008.008.008 (0.001 in.) (0.8) (0.4) (0.4) (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) Air 96 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) mm.109.038.043.030.023.011 (0.001 in.) (4.3) (1.5) (1.7) (1.2) (0.9) (0.4) Oxygen 96 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) mm.183.023.036.033.020.015 (0.001 in.) (7.2) (0.9) (1.4) (1.3) (0.8) (0.6) Outdoor Dynamic Cracking Kilocycles to Crack Initiation - 408 1381 1999 7263 7623 Very Slight Crack Growth 1381 1381 2627 3260 9978 10629 Small Cracks - 3260 4104 4104 10629 12342 Cracked Badly 1991 4104 5786 7586 12569 13329 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline 추천천연고무트럭트레드에서다목적노화방지제 - 오존노화방지제와굴곡균열억제제로써최소 1.5 의 Flexzone 3P 를사용한다. 최고의보호효과가요구되는곳에는 2.0 Flexzone 3P, 1.0 BLE 25 와 0.6 Flexamine 을사용한다. FLEXZONE 3P IN PASSENGER TIRES 최근몇년간타이어산업은오존공격으로인한타이어의과도한균열문제에직면해왔다. 이문제는새로운타이어가장착도중수일후심하게균열이발생되는로스엔젤레스지역에서는유행적인것이었다. 단지문제점은가판대와보관창고에서팔리기전새타이어의트레드와사이드월에서오존균열이발생되는것이었다. 이오존균열문제는타이어제조사들에게심각한경제적인손해의결과를가져오고있다. 적절한오존노화방지제가혼합된타이어는이문제 - 특히소비자구매욕구에대해역효과인보기흉한흑색사이드월 -가상당히감소될것이다. 테스트에서오존노화방지제는상당한정도의오존균열의개시점을지연시키는것을증명하고있다. 또한 Flexzone 3P처럼고성능의오존보호효과를가지는화학약품이없다는것을증명하고있다.

Flex Crack Growth, mm/kc Page - 10 - Sunproof Wax (1~ 3 phr) 와조합된 Flexzone 3P (1.5~ 2.0 phr) 는사이드월컴파운드의정적 오존공격에대해가장높은보호효과의가능성을부여한다. 왁스없이 2.5phr 혹은더높은함량의 Flexzone 3P 첨가는동적오존공격에대해가장높은보호 효과를제공하며, 또한일반적인사이드월균열과굴곡균열을감소시킨다. FLEXZONE 3P AS A SUPER TREAD FLEXING PROTECTANT FOR REINFORCING CARBON BLACK COMPOUNDS 0.35 0.30 0.25 Aged 96 hrs in O 2 @ 70ºC (158ºF) N110 (SAF) N220 (ISAF) N330 (HAF) 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Flexzone 3P FLEXZONE 3P AS A TRUCK TREAD FLEXING PROTECTANT 위의그래프는강력한트레드굴곡보호제로써의 Flexzone 3P 의효율성을보여준다. 테스트는 4 페이지에언급된동일한트럭트레드레시피에따라진행되었다. 각점들에서, 시험된다양한흑색제품들의최대이점을위해서는 1.5~2.0phr 범위에서본제품이사용되어야한다는것을보여준다. 이추천사항은컴파운드에서단독노화방지제로써 Flexzone 3P 사용을적용하였다. 6~9 페이지에보여진데이터는 BLE 25 와 Flexamine 과함께 Flexzone 3P 를조합하여최대만능의노화저항성을낼수있다는것을보여준다. 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

kc to failure Page - 11 - Naugard J, 일부 Flexamine 혹은 BLE 25 는 Flexzone 3P 의시너지제로거동하거나, Sunproof wax 와유사한행위을포함하는상호보완적인이동현상이가능하다. FLEXZONE 3P IN PASSENGER TIRE SIDEWALL G H I J K Smoked Sheet 60.00 SBR 1500 40.00 NS Whole Tire Reclaim 40.00 N-550 (FEF) Black 40.00 Process Oil 2.00 Pine Tar 4.00 Industrene R Stearic Acid 3.00 Zinc Oxide 3.50 Sunproof Improved 1.00 Naugex MBT 0.50 DPG 0.20 Sulfur BLE 25 2.75 --- 1.00 --- --- --- Flexamine -- 0.60 --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline 700 HIGHLIGHTS OF DATA Unaged DeMattia Flexing 600 500 400 300 200 G H I J K

kc to objectionable cracking Days to very slight cracking Page - 12 - G H I J K BLE 25 Flexamine - 1.00 0.60 - - - - - - Competitive Antiozonant* - 2.00 - - - Flexzone 3P - - 1.00 1.50 2.00 100 80 60 40 20 0 Outdoor Static Cracking (Bent Loop) G H I J K 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Outdoor Dynamic Cracking >6,500 G H I J K 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

Page - 13 - DETAILED DATA PASSENGER SIDEWALL G H I J K BLE 25 --- 1.00 --- --- --- Flexamine --- 0.60 --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 Mooney at 100 C (212 F) Viscosity, ML(1+4) 51 51 53 53 52 Mooney at 132 C (270 F) Scorch, MS t 3, minutes 10.2 8.8 9.5 10.0 9.0 Free Sulfur - percent Cured at 144 C (292 F) Cure Time: 30.14.11.11.14.12 45.07.06.06.07.07 90.03.04.04.04.04 Cured 45 min at 144 C (292 F) Hardness, Shore A 55 56 55 56 56 300% Modulus, MPa 8.3 7.77 7.8 7.9 7.9 (psi) (1200) (1110) (1130) (1140) (1140) Tensile Strength, MPa 18.3 18.3 16.6 18.2 17.9 ( psi) (2650) (2660) (2410) (2640) (2600) Elongation at Break, % 530 550 510 550 550 Aged 96 hrs in Air at 100 C (212 F) Tensile Strength, MPa 5.7 7.7 10.1 10.3 11.0 ( psi) (830) (1110) (1460) (1500) (1590) Elongation, % 190 230 260 250 260 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline

Page - 14 - G H I J K BLE 25 --- 1.00 --- --- --- Flexamine --- 0.60 --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 Oxygen Aged 96 hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) 300% Modulus, MPa 8.2 8.6 9.3 9.7 9.7 (psi) (1190) (1250) (1350) (1410) (1400) Tensile Strength, MPa 10.8 13.9 13.5 13.3 13.4 (psi) (1560) (2020) (1950) (1930) (1940) Elongation at Break, % 390 440 420 400 420 Flexing Resistance DeMattia Dumbbell Extension Unaged Kilocycles to Failure 301 451 628 683 735 Air Aged 96 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) Kilocycles to Failure 97 111 108 111 132 Oxygen Aged - 96 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) Kilocycles to Failure 60 173 155 178 180 Cut Growth mm (0.001 In.) per Kilocycle Unaged mm 0.015 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.008 (0.001 in.) (0.6) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.3) Air Aged- 96 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) mm.147.076.041.030.030 (0.001 in.) (5.8) (3.0) (1.6) (1.2) (1.2) Oxygen 96 Hrs at 70 C (158 F) mm.030.006.005.008.005 (0.001 in.) (1.2) (0.23) (0.2) (0.3) (0.2)

Page - 15 - G H I J K BLE 25 --- 1.00 --- --- --- Flexamine --- 0.60 --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- Flexzone 3P --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 Outdoor Dynamic Cracking Kilocycles to Crack Initiation --- 424 1021 1021 1021 Very Slight Crack Growth 202 --- 1251 1251 1251 Small Cracks 424 1021 3950 4596 5056 Cracked Badly 1021 1251 4596 5056 --- Outdoor Bent Static Cracking Crack Initiation --- 8 22 22 22 Very Slight Cracking 1 22 31 51 96 Small Cracks --- 31 118 153 160 Cracked Badly 8 118 153 353 390 Ozone Box Data 25 pphm Ozone at 38 C (100 F) Hours to: Crack Initiation --- 72 72 72 72 Very Slight Cracking 72 --- --- --- --- Small Cracks --- --- --- --- --- Cracked 504 504 504 >2016 >2016 Torsional Hysteresis at 141 C (285 F) Tangent Delta 0.111 0.120 0.100 0.098 0.093 추천승용사이드월 (passenger sidewalls) 에서 1.0~3.0phr 의 Sunproof Improved 혹은 Extra wax 와함께 1.5~2.0phr Flexzone 3P 사용.

FLEXZONE 3P IN PASSENGER TREAD COMPOUNDS Page - 16 - 외부자연노출시험은 SBR 승용트레드컴파운드에서 Flexzone 3P를위한뚜렷한보호가치를보여준다. 이이점은오존챔버에서만확연한것은아니다. 왁스가없거나 Naugard J같은보조화학약품이이연구에사용되었기때문에 Flexzone 3P의완전한가치는 SBR 트레드에서는실현된것이아직아니다. Flexozone 3P는 SBR 트레드컴파운드에서균열성장과오존균열시작점을지연하도록행동하는것을이데이터는보여준다. 이러한결과들은천연고무트럭트레드에서의 Flexzone 3P 성능과차이가없다. 이시점에서왁스가없는승용트레드의최대오존보호효과를위한우리의추천사항은 1.5~2.0phr의 Flexozone 3P 사용이다. SBR트레드에서 21 C 혹은 -7 C (70 F or 20 F) 각각에서 1년시험기간이후블루밍은발견되지않았다. (3phr까지 Flexzone 3P 시험 ) FLEXZONE 3P IN A PASSENGER TIRE TREAD Flexzone 3P는승용타이어트레드를위한탁월한오존노화방지제이다. 승용트레드컴파운드에서외부동적, 정적오존분해둘다최대저항성을위해서는 2~3phr의 Flexzone 3P를사용하라. L M N O P Q SBR 1712 68.75 SBR 1500 50.00 N-220 (ISAF) Black 50.00 Industrene R Stearic Acid 1.00 Zinc Oxide 3.00 Naugex MBT 0.60 DPG 0.50 Sulfur Flexamine Antioxidant 1.60 --- 1.00 --- --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P Antiozonant --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 * 6-ethoxy-1,2-di-hydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline

Page - 17 - HIGHLIGHTS OF DATA L M N O P Q Flexamine Antioxidant --- 1.00 --- --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P Antiozonant --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 Outdoor Bent Static Cracking Days for occurrence of very 6 49 55 59 135 200+ Slight cracking Outdoor Dynamic Cracking Kilocycles for occurrence of 2439 9124 9124 11006 19647 42404+ objectionable cracking 추천 SBR 승용트레드에서 0~2.0phr 의 Sunproof Improved 혹은 Sunproof Extra wax 와함께 1.5~2.0 phr Flexzone 3P 를사용. DETAILED DATA PASSENGER TREAD L M N O P Q Flexamine Antioxidant --- 1.00 --- --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P Antiozonant --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 Mooney at 100 C (212 F) Viscosity, ML(1+4) 65 62 63.5 63 62 59 Mooney at 132 C (270 F) Scorch, MS,t 3, minutes 18 22 19 16 17.2 16.2 Cured 45 Min. at 144 C (292 F) Hardness, Shore A 56 56 57 56 56 57 400% Modulus, MPa 8.3 7.6 8.5 7.9 8.8 7.1 ( psi) (1200) (1100) (1230) (1150) (1280) (1030) Tensile Strength, MPa 17.9 19.1 19.5 19.3 19.0 19.8 (psi) (2600) (2770) (2830) (2800) (2750) (2870) Elongation at Break, % 640 640 660 680 650 710 *6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline.

Page - 18 - L M N O P Q Flexamine Antioxidant --- 1.00 --- --- --- --- Competitive Antiozonant* --- 2.00 --- --- --- --- Flexzone 3P Antiozonant --- --- 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 Air Aged 96 hrs at 100 C (212 F) Tensile Strength, MPa 17.1 16.6 14.8 14.8 15.5 16.2 (psi) (2480) (2400) (2150) (2150) (2250) (2350) Elongation at Break, % 460 505 405 430 450 500 Oxygen Aged 96 hrs at 70 C (158 F) and 2.1 MPa (300 psi) Tensile Strength, MPa 19.2 18.7 19.4 20.1 18.7 19.0 (psi) (2790) (2705) (2805) (2910) (2860) (2760) Elongation at Break, % 680 695 650 695 675 680 Outdoor Dynamic Cracking Kilocycles to: Crack Initiation 406 - - 1070 4317 9124 Very Slight Crack Growth - 1070 1070-5576 18541 Small Cracks 1070 2539 2539 2539 9124 20878 Cracked badly 2439 9124 9124 11006 19647 42404+ Outdoor Static Cracking Crack Initiation --- 29 29 29 70 125 Very Slight Crack Growth --- 41 41 49 102 180 Small Cracks 6 49 68 59 135 200+ Cracked badly 29 87 102 129 169 --- Ozone Box-25 pphm Ozone 38 C (100 F) Hours to: Crack Initiation 8 8 8 8 8 8 Very Slight Crack Growth 24 24 24 24 24 24 Small Cracks --- 72 72 72 72 72 Cracked badly 72 168 168 336 336 336 Bloom Test Exposure Temperatures 21 C (70 F) No bloom in one year s exposure all samples -7 C (20 F) No bloom in one year s exposure all samples *6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl quinoline. 800-243-5098 tel 203-573-2525 fax

Page - 19 - FLEXZONE 3P versus PBNA NATURAL RUBBER STOCKS Flexzone 3P 는천연고무제품에좀더나은노화보호를제공한다. 이데이터는적은양의 Flexzone 3P 와비교할때 PBNA 와동등하거나더나은노화보호효과를제공한다. Basic Recipe SMR Rubber 100.00 N-242 (ISAF-HS) Black 45.00 Pine Tar 5.00 Zinc Oxide 5.00 Industrene R Stearic Acid 3.00 Antioxidant As Shown Delac S 0.50 Sulfur 2.00 R S T U Flexzone 3P --- 0.3 0.5 --- PBNA --- --- --- 1.0 Mooney at 100 C (212 F) Viscosity, ML(1+4) 55 59 63 57 Mooney at 132 C (270 F) Scorch time, minutes 18 16 16 17 Unaged Physical Properties Cured 15 Min. at 160 C (320 F) 300% Modulus, MPa 11.2 11.7 11.4 11.4 (psi) (1620) (1700) (1265) (1650) Tensile Strength, MPa 25.5 26.8 26.6 26.2 (psi) (3700) (3880) (3850) (3800) Elongation at Break, % 550 540 550 550 Hardness, Shore A 62 62 65 64 Aged 14 Days at 70 C (158 F) Tensile Retention, % 54 59 63 60 Elongation Retention, % 69 75 76 75 Aged 70 Hrs at 100 C (212 F) Tensile Retention, % 25 32 36 27 Elongation, % 43 45 44 42 Aged 96 Hrs in O 2 at 70 C (158 F) Tensile Retention, % 15 33 49 45 Elongation, % 39 52 66 64 The information contained herein is correct to the best of our knowledge. Your attention is directed to the pertinent Material Safety Data Sheets for the products mentioned herein. All sales are subject to Chemtura's standard terms and conditions of sale, copies of which are available upon request and which are part of Chemtura's invoices and/or order acknowledgments. Except as expressly provided in Chemtura's standard terms and conditions of sale, no warranty, express or implied, including warranty of merchantability or fitness for particular purpose, is made with respect to the products described herein. Nothing contained herein shall constitute permission or recommendation to practice any invention covered by a patent without a license from the owner of the patent.