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๋Œ€ํ•œ์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ : 36 ๊ถŒ์ œ 2 ํ˜ธ, 239-244, 04 ESR ์ž๋™๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์‚ผ์„ฑ์„œ์šธ๋ณ‘์›์ง„๋‹จ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ์˜๊ตญ ์‹ฌํ˜„์„ค ์†ก์šดํฅ ๋ฐ•๊ทœ์€ The Internal Quality Control for TEST 1, the Automatic Analyzer of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Cho, Young Kuk., Sim, Hyun-Seol., Song, Woon Heung., Park, Quehn Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Seoul Medical Center Recently automatic equipment has been well popularized for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a widely used test, but no standard quality control has been established yet. Thus, we are going to report a case that established and applied a quality control method using the TEST 1 automatic analyzer. For internal quality control, we adopted the repeatability test through comparison with daily mean check, with a manual method using patients specimens and with the results of a test on the previous day. In order to set the tolerance standard for each quality control method, we compared the results of 50 specimens that showed a wide range of ESR results and examined correlation and differences according to result. After setting the tolerance standard, we applied the standard at tertiary university hospitals for 1 days and investigated positive rates and re-examination rates. If the tolerance standard was exceeded, the cause was also identified. We selected a specimen of below 25 mm/hr (T1), one between 26-50 mm/hr (T2) and one of over 51 mm/hr (T3) at random. The correlation between the manual method and the automatic method was quite high (r=0.98), and it is found appropriate to set based on differences in result values below 25 mm/hr, the upper limit of the reference value, and based on differences in the percentage of result values above 25 mm/hr. Accordingly, we set the criteria for rejection above 10 mm/hr and above %. When the criteria were applied in the laboratory, 1.7% of specimens in the range of T1, 8.3% of those in the range of T2 and 7.5% of those in the range of T3 were rejected. Because all the rejected ones fell within the tolerance limit in re-examination calibration verification was not carried out. With the wide popularization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers that can carry out a lot of tests quickly using automatic methods, it is necessary to improve the reliability of test results by establishing internal quality control policies. We expect that an agreed standard quality control method may be established based on the method proposed in this study. Key Words : ESR, ESR6000, TEST-1 1) ๊ต์‹ ์ €์ž : ์กฐ์˜๊ตญ, ( ์šฐ ) 135-710 ๊ฐ•๋‚จ๊ตฌ์ผ์›๋™ 50 ์‚ผ์„ฑ์„œ์šธ๋ณ‘์›์ง„๋‹จ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ Tel : 02-3410-2692 E-mail : TERAN04@paran.com 239

I. ์„œ๋ก  ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์นจ๊ฐ•์†๋„ (erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ESR ์ดํ•˜ ESR์ด๋ผํ•จ ) ๋Š”์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๊ฐ€์žฅ๋„๋ฆฌ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ€์ค‘ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค (Wintrobe MM, 1936). ํ˜„์žฌ National Committee for Clnical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) ๋Š” Westergren๋ฒ•์„ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์˜ค๋ž˜์†Œ์š”๋ ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ž์˜๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋†’๊ณ , ์˜จ๋„, ํฌ์„, ์ง„๋™๋“ฑ์—์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๊ฐ์ข…์ž๋™ํ™”์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Wesergren A, 19-1921). ESR ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ทธ์ž๋ฃŒ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋งŽ์€ parameter๋“ค์ด์กด์žฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š”๋งŽ์€๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค (Lombarts A, ๋“ฑ 1993). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋ณ„๋„์˜์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์ง€์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜์ตœ๊ทผ์—์™€์„œ๋Š”์žฅ๋น„์˜ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฐ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (Kennedy JB, ๋“ฑ 1981). ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž์ฒดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋งž๋Š”ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ESR ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ESR์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๊ทธ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ESR ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์ค‘์—์„œ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€์ธก๊ด‘๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•œ Test-1์€์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘๊ฐ€์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ๋†’์€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. Test-1์€ Kinetic capillary photometry๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ system, ์ธก์ • system, pump system ๋“ฑ์˜ 3 ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค (ICSH, 1993). ๋น›์ด๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€์„ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋Š” lumen ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ๋น›์„๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ฆํญ๋˜์–ด์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‚ด์˜ particle์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„๊ฐ์ง€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”์ดˆ๋‹น๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ (number of red cells/sec) ๊ฐ€ Westergren ESR ๋‹จ์œ„ (mm/h) ๋กœํ™˜์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ๋‹ค (Westergren A, 1927). ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์‹ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„๊ฐ–์ถ˜์žฅ๋น„๋ผํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”๊ทธํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๊ทธ์›์ธ์€ ESR์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€์•Š๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค (Power KT, 1982). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ฑ์„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์‚ผ์„ฑ์„œ์šธ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์•„๋ž˜์™€๊ฐ™์€๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์›์—์„œ์ž์ฒด์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ• (daily mean check), ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„, ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ฑ์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ํ†ตํ•ด๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‹ค์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋งž๋Š”๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ESR์˜ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. II. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ•, ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜๋น„๊ต, ์ „๋‚ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜๋น„๊ต๋ฅผํ†ตํ•œ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„“์€๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ESR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๋Š” 1๊ฒ€์ฒด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์„์ƒํ˜ธ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์—๋”ฐ๋ฅธ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์„ค์ •ํ•œํ›„์—๋Š”์ด๋ฅผ๋ณธ์›์—์„œ 1์ผ๊ฐ„์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ๊ณผ์žฌ๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์„๋ณด๊ณ , ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์„๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊ฒฝ์šฐ์›์ธ์„์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋Š” 25 mm/hr ์ดํ•˜ (T1), 26-50 mm/hr(t2), 51 mm/hr ์ด์ƒ (T3) ์—ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 04๋…„ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 9์›”์‚ฌ์ด 1์ผ๋™์•ˆ๋ณธ์›์„๋‚ด์›ํ•œ์™ธ๋ž˜ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ค‘์—์„œ 1๋ช…์˜ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์šฉ์  (Hct) ์ด 35-45%, ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ (Hb) ๊ฐ€ 12~15 g/dl ์ด๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 1๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์ž๋™๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ (TEST-1) ๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•ด์–ป์€ํ™˜์ž๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด์žฅ๋น„์˜์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์„๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1) ์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ• (daily mean check) ์ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€์žฅ๋น„์ž์ฒด์—๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ˆ„์ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์ž๋™ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ moving average์™€๊ฐ™์ด์žฅ๋น„์‚ฌ์šฉ์ „์žฅ๋น„์˜์ƒํƒœ์„์˜ˆ์ธกํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๋ณด์กฐ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์ผํ‰๊ท  (daily mean check) ์€๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์ดํ•ญ์ƒ์ผ์ •์ง‘๋‹จ์„์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ X์ถ•์€์ธก์ •ํšŸ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  Y์ถ•์€ ESR์˜๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ๋‹น์ผํ‰๊ท ์ด๋˜๋ฉฐ์žฅ๋น„์˜์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ํฐ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด์—†๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์œ„์˜๋„ํ‘œ์™€๊ฐ™์ด๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ๋‹น์ผํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜๋น„์Šทํ•œ๋ณ€ํ™”ํญ์œผ๋กœ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. 240

์ธก์ •ํšŸ์ˆ˜ 1๊ฐœ์›”๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‹น์ผํ‰๊ท  1 25.56 25.56 2 25.56 25.98 3 26.64 26.01 4 26.31 26.03 5 25.98 25.01 6 25. 25.23 7 25.56 25.03 8 25.01 25.12 9 25.26 25.54 10 25.75 25.23 11 26.01 25.71 12 25.99 25.08 13 25.01 25.42 14 25.03 25.01 15 25.78 25.77 ESR ์ˆ˜์น˜ 30 28 26 24 22 1๊ฐœ์›”๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท  TEST-1QC ๋‹น์ผํ‰๊ท  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 ์ธก์ •ํšŸ์ˆ˜ Fig 1. daily mean check(1 days): a machine which has a built-in quality control system checks the mean value of the data that have been regularly accumulated. 2) ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ preliminary test๋กœ 1์ผ๊ฐ„ ESR ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์˜๋ขฐ๋œ๊ฒ€์ฒด์ค‘์—์„œ T1, T2, T3์—ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 360 ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’ 25 mm/hr๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 25mm/hr ์ดํ•˜์˜๋‚ฎ์€ ESR ๊ฐ’์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ Test-1์˜ data์˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ•œ delta value ๊ฐ’์„, 25mm/hr ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” delta percent๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’ 25 mm/hr๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๊ทธ์ดํ•˜์—๊ฐ’์€ delta value๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ทธ data์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ±10๋ฒ”์œ„์—๋ชจ๋‘ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  25 mm/hr ์ด์ƒ์˜๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ํฌ๊ฒŒ๋ณ€ํ•จ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  delta percent๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 25 mm/hr ์ดํ•˜์˜ data๋“ค์€ delta percent์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๊ทธ data๊ฐ’์ด๋งŽ์ด๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 25 mm/hr ์ด์ƒ์˜๋†’์€๊ฐ’์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” data๋“ค์ด ±% ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ชจ๋‘์ ์šฉ๋จ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์„์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น์ผ๊ฒ€์ฒด์ค‘์—์„œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ 25 mm/h ์ดํ•˜์ธ๊ฒ€์ฒด 1 ๊ฐœ์™€ 25-50 mm/h์ธ๊ฒ€์ฒด 1๊ฐœ, 51 mm/h ์ด์ƒ์ธ๊ฒ€์ฒด 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœํƒํ•˜์—ฌ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค (Fig. 3). โ…ข. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ• (daily mean check) ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์žฅ๋น„์—๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ์ผํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ•์˜๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€๋‹น์ผํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท ์‚ฌ์ด์—์ผ์ •ํ•œ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜์–‘์ƒ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์žฅ๋น„์˜์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋™๋ถ„์„์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋งค์ผ์ „๋‚ ์˜๋ˆ„์ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ํ™•์ธ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ ๋งŒ 3) ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑํ™•์ธ Delta value Test1 VS Manual Difference Delta -30-25 - -15-10 -5 0 5 10 15 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 ESR Delta% Test1 vs Manual Difference Delta% 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0-50.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 ESR T1 (25 mm/h ์ดํ•˜ ) : ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 10% ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด ' ํ—ˆ์šฉ ' T2 (26-50 mm/h) : ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ฐจ์ด์˜๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ด % ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด ' ํ—ˆ์šฉ ' T3 (51 mm/h ์ด์ƒ ) : ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ฐจ์ด์˜๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์ด % ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด ' ํ—ˆ์šฉ ' Fig 2. Comparative analysis with manual technique through patient samples. 241

1 100 80 ์ต์ผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60 40 0 ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ y = 0.9307x + 0.2875 R 2 = 0.9687 0 50 100 150 Test-1 Manual 140 1 100 80 60 40 0 ESR Calibration Verification Curve y = 1.0747x - 2.213 R 2 = 0.9589 0 50 100 150 Test-1 Fig 3. Preliminary test for testing reproducibility: Comparative analysis with manual Fig 4. An example of calibration verification of ESR test ์•ฝ๊ทธ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜์ฐจ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด์žฅ๋น„์˜ calibration verification์„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์šฉํ•œ 1์ผ๊ฐ„์˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋™์•ˆ calibration verification์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Table 2์—์„œ์™€๊ฐ™์ด์ž๋™ํ™”์žฅ๋น„ (TEST-1) ๋Š”์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ผ์น˜์œจ์€๊ฑฐ์˜ 100% ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ •๋„๋กœ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ง€ T3 data ์ค‘์—์„œ 1๊ฑด๋งŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ›„์—๋Š” 100% ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๋จ์„ํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋น„๊ต์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 1์ผ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— T1, T2, T3์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ 1๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. T1์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ „์ฒด 1๊ฒ€์ฒด์ค‘์—์„œ์•ฝ 1.7% ๊ฐ€, T2๋Š” 8.3%, T3๋Š” 7.5% ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ฐ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š” 18๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 15% ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ์ด๊ฒƒ์„๋‹ค์‹œ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ›„ํ—ˆ์šฉ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 17๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ์žฌ๋ณด์ •๊ฒ€์ฆ๊นŒ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 1๊ฑด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (Table 1). 3. ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑํ™•์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ํ™˜์ž๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์˜๋น„๊ต๋Š” 1์ผ๊ฐ„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ T1, T2, T3์—ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 1 ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋กœ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IV. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ž๋™๋ฒ•์˜์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”๋งค์šฐ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (r=0.98), ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ’์˜์ƒํ•œ์„ ์ธ 25 mm/hr๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๊ทธ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ, ๊ทธ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ ์ ˆํ•จ์„์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 10 mm/hr ์ด์ƒ, % ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ๋ฅผ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ์ด๋ฅผ์ ์šฉํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, T1 ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜๊ฒ€์ฒด๋Š” 1.7%, T2๋Š” 8.3%, T3๋Š” 7.5% ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€๋ชจ๋‘์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์—๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋ณด์ •๊ฒ€์ฆ (calibration verification) ์„์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋Š”์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Table 1. Actual cases of applying the acceptance criteria defined for the laboratory Quality control criteria Applicaton 1 days T1(25mm/h less than) : Delta 10 less than T2(26-50mm/h) : Delta percent % less than T3 (51mm/h more than) : Delta percent % less than Accept 98.30% Reject 1.70% Accept 91.70% Reject 8.30% Accept 92.50% Reject 7.50% Total reject case : 18 case (15%) - reexa mination cases "Accepted(17)"-Re Calibration case (1) 242

Table 2. Acceptance criteria defined internal Q,C : Comparison of reproducibility Quality control criteria : reproducibility Applicaton 1 days T1(25mm/h less than) : Delta 10 less than T2(26-50mm/h) : Delta percent % less than T3 (51mm/h more than) : Delta percent % less than Accept 100.0% Reject 0.0% Accept 100.0% Reject 0.0% Accept 99.2% Reject 0.8% Total reject case : 18 case (15%) - reexa mination cases "Accepted(17)"--Re Calibration case (1) ์‚ผ์„ฑ์„œ์šธ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”์„ค์ •๋œ ESR ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ESR์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ํ™•๋ณดํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ž๋™ํ™”์žฅ๋น„์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„์‚ฌ์ „์—ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ESR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ์—์‹ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋น ๋ฅธ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐ๋งŽ์€์–‘์˜๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์นจ๊ฐ•์†๋„๋ถ„์„์žฅ๋น„์˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋Š˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œํ•ด๋‹น๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋งž๋Š”์ ์ ˆํ•œ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Œ€ํ•œํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ESR๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๊ฐ€์žฅ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๋‹ค. ESR ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ž„์—๋„๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ESR๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ณ„๋„๋กœ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ESR๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ๋˜ํ•œ์ž„์ƒ๊ฒ€์‹ค์˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋งž๋„๋ก ESR๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ESR๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ž์ฒด๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ž์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ณธ์›์—์„œ๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์žฅ๋น„์ž์ฒด์˜์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœํ•ด์„œ์žฅ๋น„์˜์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ์žฅ๋น„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•œ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์˜ํ™•์ธ๋“ฑํฌ๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€๋งค์ผ์‹ค์‹œ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ณธ์›์˜ reference value 25 mm/hr๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์ž„์˜๋กœ T1.T2,T3 ๋ฅผ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ๊ทธ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ธฐ์ค€์€๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 25 mm/hr์ดํ•˜๊ฐ’์„ (T1), 26-50 mm/hr์˜๊ฐ’ (T2) ๊ณผ 51mm /hr์ด์ƒ์˜๊ฐ’ (T3) ์„๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ž๋™๋ฒ•์˜์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”๋งค์šฐ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (r=0.98), ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ฐ’ 25 mm/hr๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๊ทธ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ, ๊ทธ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์˜๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์˜์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 10 mm/hr ์ด์ƒ, % ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ๋ฅผ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„ค์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋น ๋ฅธ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐ๋งŽ์€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„์†Œํ™”ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์นจ๊ฐ•์†๋„๋ถ„์„์žฅ๋น„์˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋Š˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์ ์ ˆํ•œ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Œ€ํ•œํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 1. ICSH. Method for the ESR Test-Third Edition: Approved Standard. NCCLS 13(8):1, 1993 2. Kennedy JB, Maehara KT, Baker AM. Cell and platelet stability in disodium and tripotassium EDTA. Am J Med Tech-nol 47:89-93, 1981 3. Lombarts A, dekieviet W. Recognition and prevention of pseudo thrombo cytopenia and concomitant pseudo leukocytosis. Am J Clin Pathol 99:163-167, 1993 4. Power KT. The Romanowsky stains: a review. Am J 243

Med Technol 48:519-523, 1982 5. Westergren A. Studies on the suspension stability of the blood in pllumonary tuberclosis. Acta Med Scand 54:247-282, 19-1921 6. Westergren A. Die Senkungsieaction. Ergebn d Med u Kinderheilk 26:577, 1927 7. Wintobe MM. The erythrocyte sedimentation test. Int Cln 2:34, 1936 244