Grammar Tree 2-1
be (I) am (you) are, (she/he/it) is (I am a student. / You are a teacher. / She is a doctor.) be are We are students. / You are teachers. / They are doctors.) you be be be (I am a girl. / I am kind. / I am at school.) be be not (I am not Korean. / He is not Korean.) be be (Are you Korean? / Is he Korean?) be be be (Q:Is Sue here? A:Yes, she is. / No, she isn t.) be not is not = isn t / are not = aren t (am not be be [Yes, they are. (O) / Yes, they re. (X)] be I am = I m / You are = You re / She is = She s / He is = He s / It is = It s / They are = They re / We are = We re I am Korean. He isn t kind. Is she tall? Yes, she is. / No, she isn t. 10
-s, -es (I walk every day. / She walks every day.) have has (I have a pen. / She has lunch at noon.) don t doesn t (I don t like it. / He doesn t like it.) Do Does (Do you like it? / Does he like it?) Do(Does)...? do(does) (Yes, I do. / No, I don t // Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t.) -s, -es -s (walks) -s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o -es (finishes) y y i -es (studies) -s, -es [s] (stops) [z] (smiles) [s, t, z, d, [iz] (watches) I swim every day. She walks every day. He doesn t like baseball. Do you play the piano? Yes, I do. / No, I don t. 11
be -ing have, love, know, want, like, smell, resemble have (She is eating a banana. Is she eating a banana? / What is she eating?) Yes/No Yes/No (Q: Is she eating a banana? A:Yes, she, is. / No, she isn t. // Q: What is she eating? A: She is eating a banana.) be not They are not playing soccer. be be Q:Are they playing soccer? A:Yes, they are. / No, they aren t. I study English. I am studying English. I am not studying English. Are you eating an apple? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. What are you eating? I am eating an apple. 12
can can I can speak English. can not I can t speak English. can not = cannot = can t cancan Q:Can you speak English? A:Yes, I can. / No, I can t. -s can I can play the piano. I can t play the piano. Can you play the violin? Yes, I can. / No, I can t. 13
am is have has playing eating making coming running swimming He plays basketball after school. Jane doesn t watch TV. is playing Does this bus go to Seoul Station? are having Mr. Baker doesn t teach math. is studying Alice has a pen 14
I she am isn t We are not playing soccer. (aren t) He cannot run fast. (can t) he is My father doesn t have breakfast. they aren t Can I have your book? She does not read English newspapers. (doesn t) can play the violin. are running on the race track. Can Su-mi ski? Explanations be have -s doesn t Do(Does) have has -ing e e -ing -ing be -ing be Yes No be be can be are his brother is Tom and his brother run n -ing can can be not can can not can t) don t doesn t Can don t (doesn t) doesn t 15
Open the door. / Be quiet. Let s not Let s not play tennis. Let s stay home. Don t Don t open the door. Let s Let s play tennis. Close the window. Don t close the window. Let s Let s play tennis. Let s not play tennis. 16
There is are There is are There is There are be not There is some water in the bottle. There isn t any water in the bottle. some any be there Q: Is there a big chair in his room? A:Yes, there is. / No, there isn t. How many... are there? How many are there Q:How many chairs are there in your room? A:There is one chair in my room.) Here is are Here is are Here is your book. There is are There is my cat under the table. (X) My cat is under the table. Here Here comes the train. some Q:Do you have some money? A:Yes, I do. There is a desk in my room. There isn t a bed in my room. Is there any water in the glass? How many chairs are there in you room? 17
I, you, he, she, it, we, they I, You, He, She, It, We, Theymy, your, his, her, its, our, their me, you, him, her, it, us, them It it Tom gave me a pen. I like it very much. / it = a pen mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs s Tom s Tom s = Tom s pen this that This is my mom. a, the a book (O), his book (O), a his book (X), his a book (X) s Father s desk = Father s it s s James s mother (X), James mother (O) I, You, He, She, It, We, They. my, your, his, her, its, our, their. her pen. her pen hers. 18
A. Thank you for A:Thank you for dinner. / Thank your for coming. B:You re welcome. B. If you hurry, you can... (If you hurry, you can catch the bus. A:Thank you for the present. / Thank you for inviting us. / Thank you for being here. B:You re welcome. / My pleasure. C. Take a nap, and you will... Take a nap, and you will feel better. Thank your for inviting me. If you hurry, you can catch the train. Study hard, and you will get a good mark. 19
Jane s Her is a cat are six students are many flowers She Are there He She They it my mine Her big are my his 20
Be kind to everyone. Open the door. Explanations There is(are)... be is are - She - He - She - They - it I - my Jane - Jane s he - his she - her visit s There are... Are there...? I mine I my, my sister her There is(are)... be are and a pen it Is No isn t be be Be take a nap 21
be am, is are were be (yesterday, last night, two days ago) (were) (were) (were) (She a teacher ten years ago. / She in New York last week.) (were) (were) not (She not in New York last week.) be (Was he in LAlast year?) be be (Q: Was he in LAlast year? A: Yes, he. / No, he n t.) not = n t / were not = weren t be [He (O) / He s (X)] be be (Q: Were you at the office last night? A: No, I stayed at home.) No, I n t. I stayed at home. I n t. LA He in LAlast year Were they teachers 5 year ago? Were you busy yesterday? Yes, I. / No, I n t. 22
were -ing He is sleeping. He sleeping when I called. when I called She worked in the garden this morning. She working in the garden when I came home. when I came home this morning were not He not sleeping when I called. were be (Q:Was he sleeping when you called? A:Yes, he. / No, he n t.) Did he work yesterday? / Was he working when you saw him? were -ing What he doing when you saw him? were -ing Who cooking when you came home? -ing -ing working e e -ing writing -ing running ie ie y -ing lie lying [Q:Who cooking when you came home? A: Mom (cooking when I came home).] He eating an apple when I saw him. He not sleeping when I saw him. She cooking when he saw her. Was she cooking when he saw her? What What she doing when he saw her? 23
am tired tired Were you late for class yesterday? is kind kind Was it very hot yesterday? Were they very tired after the game? were I they were she n t It not windy yesterday. (n t) They were in hospital last week. Were you Was she Was Tom happy There were not many people at the concert. (weren t) 24
Were you hing Was Susie playing crying Were they working sleeping were playing baseball talking were watching Kathy were not playing cooking were they writing were fighting with each other Explanations am is yesterday, ten years ago am is are were not n t be were were were not weren t be be be Yes No be you be were she be be be -ing be -ing -ing e e -ing be -ing ~? be be -ing 25
-ed cleaned -ed -ed -ed hed e -d liked y y i -ed studied -ed stopped -ed t asked d lived d t id ended /wanted -ed get-got, eat-ate go-went, come-came, getgot, have(has)-had, see-saw, give-gave, do-did, make-made, meet-met, teach-taught put-put, hithit, beat-beat, bet-bet, cut-cut, hurt-hurt read read [ri d] read [red] -ed ask, live, stop asked, lived, stopped. go-went, give-gave, make-made. cut-cut, hit-hit, put-put. 26
didn t I ate the apple. I didn t eat the apple. didn t Did did didn t Q: Did you eat the apple? A:Yes, I did. / No, I didn t. Did A. Q: How is the weather? A: It is windy. / It is sunny. / It is cloudy. / It is rainy. / It is snowy. B. Have a nice...! Have a nice day! / Have a nice weekend! / Have a nice trip! C. Give my love to... Give my love to your mother. doesn t / Does...? don t / Do...? Please give my regards to your family. / Remember me to your family. I didn t work yesterday. Did you work yesterday? How s the weather today? It s sunny. / It s windy. / It s rainy. Have a nice weekend. Give my love to your family. 27
worked opened came gave liked closed got sat cleaned ate watched went lived got studied taught wrote played last went studied last met had visited last made 28
got up I didn t h my father s car. didn t go He didn t take the bus to school. Did sleep I didn t see Tom in the library. Did he play baseball with his friends yesterday? Did she clean her desk? Did they get up early this morning? Explanations -ed e -d two weeks ago, yesterday, last year, last Saturday -ed e -d y y i -ed play tennis last Sunday play y y i -ed last night study y y i -ed visit last summer come-came / give-gave get-got / sit-sat eat -ate go-went get-got teach-taught write-wrote go -went meet -met have-had make - made is - didn t Did get up / get - got didn t go Did 29