RESEARCH ARTICLE 건조된흰민들레에서추출한에센셜오일의방향성분분석 임도연광주여자대학교미용과학과 Volatile Compounds Analysis of Essential Oil Extracted from Dried Taraxacum coreanum Do-Youn Im Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women s University Abstract Dandelion is suggested to have some pharmacological and cosmetic properties, including antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne, antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity and so on. On the other hand, essential oils are secondary metabolites in plants, which are hydrophobic liquid containing volatile and bioactive compounds. The aim of present study was identification and quantification of aroma compounds in essential oil isolated from dried white dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum). The analyses was performed by gas chromatography with mass selective detector after simultaneous distillation extraction. Eighteen compounds were identified. The principal compounds of the volatiles of white dandelion are 2-pentanol (43.25%), benzaldehyde (9.30%), acetaldehyde (9.18%), nonanal (9.38%), ethyl acetate (7.28%), benzeneacetaldehyde (5.45%). Some bioactive compounds were also identified in this study, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, benzyl alcohol. Keywords: White dandelion, Taraxacum coreanum, Volatile compound, GS-MSD, SDE 현대사회에들어서환경친화적이고자연적인환경에서건 강한삶을추구하는웰빙 (Well-being) 이나로하스 (LOHAS; Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) 가트렌드로부상하 게되었으며, 이로인해천연물에서유래된기능성제품의개발 이나연구가지속적으로진행되고있다. 이러한트렌드로인해 천연향료자원을이용한다양한요법이나마케팅분야에의활용 등이증가되고있으나국내의향료자원에대한기초자료는아 직미흡한실정이다 ( 류정미, 2010). Essential oil 또는정유는 식물에서추출한방향성물질들의복합체로서식물의종이나 부위또는산지에따라다른독특한향기를나타냄으로써화장 Corresponding author: Do-Youn Im, Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women s University, 165 Sanjung-dong, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 506-713, Republic of Korea. Tel.: +82 70 8728 2665, Fax: +82 62 443 3022 E-mail: ehdus0673@hanmail.net Received August 5, 2012; Revised September 22, 2012; Accepted October 11, 2012; Published November 30, 2012 품이나의약품, 식품등다양한산업분야에활용되고있다 ( 하병조, 2000). 항균활성이나혈액순환개선, 스트레스감소등다양한생리활성및효과를나타내는것으로밝혀지고있어서단순히공기의질을바꾸는데국한되지않고그이용분야가넓어지고있는것이다 (Ahn, 2007; Seo & Park, 2003; Jeong & Park, 2012; Lee & Hong, 2010; Cheng et al., 2010). 흰민들레 (Taraxacum coreanum) 는전세계적으로분포되어있는국화과 (Compositae) 의여러해살이풀인민들레의한품종으로써오랫동안약용식물로사용되어왔다. 국내에서일반적으로포공영 ( 浦公英 ) 이란한약재로알려진민들레는흰민들레 (T. coreanum) 를포함한노랑민들레 (T. mongolicum), 좀민들레 (T. hallaisanense), 산민들레 (T. ohwianum), 서양민들레 (T. officinale) 등의지상부를건조한것으로열을내리고해독과이뇨에효과가있으며, 염증이나종기를낫게하며, 간과담낭질환에효과가있다고알려져있다 (Kang & Kim, 2001). 흰민들레 (T. coreanum) 는우리나라각지역에자라는재래종으로노랑민들레 (T. mongolicum) 와비슷하지만꽃이흰색인것이특징이다. 민들레의부위중잎과꽃을포함한지상부의경우 hydroxycinnamic acid와같은페놀성화합물과비타 797
민 C, tocopherol 등비타민류가함유되어있는것으로알려져있으며, 뿌리에는 taraxasterol 등많은식물성스테로이드화합물과 chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid 등의 phenolic 화합물을함유하고있는것으로보고되고있다. 이러한성분들과함께항균, 항염증, 항산화, 항암, 항당뇨등의다양한생리활성을나타내는것으로국외에서연구되어왔다 (Akashi et al., 1994; Katrin et al., 2006). 국내에서는항산화활성과항균활성, 면역관련활성, 위장보호효과와 pancreatic lipase 저해물질의분리등에관한연구가진행되었다 (Kim & Kim, 2011; Han et al., 2005; Yoon, 2008; Ryu et al., 2006; Lee & Lee, 2008; Heo & Wang, 2008). 한편, 민들레를대상으로한화장품소재가능성에대한최근의연구에서여드름원인균에대한항균활성이나미백활성, 항염증활성등의효과가있음이확인된바가있다 (Im & Kim, 2011; Lee & Im, 2011; Im & Lee, 2011). 이와같은다양한생리활성을가진민들레임에도불구하고아직까지그정유나향기성분에대한연구는전무한실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는국내에자생하는흰민들레의향기성분을포함하는정유를추출하여분석함으로써향기의 pattern을확보하여, 이를바탕으로국내소비취향에맞는천연향기의유효성분을함유한인공적인재현향을개발하는데기초자료로서활용하고자하였다. 1. 재료본실험에사용한흰민들레는 2011년 5월에전라북도임실군지역에서자생하는것을채취하여이물질을제거하고 1차로음건을실시한후 50 에서 12시간동안건조한것을 -20 로보관하면서사용하였다. 2. 향기성분추출향기성분의추출은건조된흰민들레시료 100 g과증류수 3 l 혼합하여가열맨틀이장착된동시연속식수증기증류추출 (Simultaneous Distillation Extraction, SDE) 장치 ( 동양과학, Korea) 에투입한후 100 에서 2시간동안실시하였다. 내부표준물질로서 n-butyl benzene (Sigma, USA) 5 μl를혼합하였으며, 추출용매로는 n-pentane과 diethyl ether를 1:1 부피 ( 각 50 ml) 로사용하였다. 추출후무수황산나트륨을혼합하여냉장고에서 12시간동안탈수시킨후 vigreux 컬럼을이용하여 1 ml까지농축을실시하였다. 3. 향기성분의분석 SDE 장치에서추출하여농축한시료의성분분석을위한 gas chromatography-mass selective detector(gc-msd) 분석은 VB-5 column(60 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) 과 5973 mass selective detector (Agilent, USA) 가장착된 6890N GC (Agilent) 를사용하여실시하였다. 50 에서분당 5 로승온하여 250 에서 15분간유지하였다. 시료주입구온도와검출기온도는각각 200 로하였고 carrier 가스는헬륨을사용하여 2.6 ml/min 속도로흘려보냈다. Electron impact/mass spectrometer(ei/ms) 의조건으로 ionization energy를 70 ev, MS source와 MS quad 온도는각각 230 와 150 로하여진행하였으며, EM voltage는 200으로설정하였다. 시료는 1 μl를주입하였으며, split mode(6:1) 로 total flow는 31.1 ml/min 조건으로분석을실시하였다. GC-MSD로각 peak의 total ion chromatography(tic) 를얻은후 Wiley/NBS library 와비교하고문헌상에보고된데이터와비교하여각각의성분을동정하였으며, 내부표준물질로사용된 n-butyl benzene의피크면적을기준으로각성분의함량을산출하였다. 1. 흰민들레에센셜오일의추출수율건조된흰민들레로부터 SDE법으로추출한에센셜오일을 GC-MSD로분석한결과 Figure 1과같은크로마토그램을얻을수있었으며, TIC를기준으로 18종의성분을확인할수있었다 (Table 1). 흰민들레를포함한민들레를대상으로방향성성분을분석한연구는국내는물론이고국외에서도보고된바가없었는데이는다른식물에비해방향성이낮은것과본연구에서도나타난것처럼낮은에센셜오일수율에기인한것으로판단된다. 실제본연구에서나타난흰민들레에센셜오일의수율은 100 g에서 21.27 μl의에센셜오일이얻어져 0.021% 의수율을나타냈다. 일반적으로사서향, 약모밀, 단풍취, 갯기름나물, 개망초꽃에서각각 1.000%, 0.750%, 0.193%, 0.100%, 0.220% 의수율을보인것과비교하면상당히낮은수율임을알수있었으며, 0.027% 를나타낸터리풀과유사한수준이었다 (Jin et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2008; Chung et al., 2009). 2. 흰민들레에센셜오일의방향성분분석분석결과전체향기성분의 43.25% 로가장높은함량을보인 2-pentanol은 amyl alcohol의한종류로서특징적인강하면서도굽거나타는듯한향을가지는것으로평가되고있으며, 백수오 (Clerodendron bungei) 와같은약재나바나나와같은과일의향기성분중에존재하고매운맛을가진고추와같은식물의숙성과정에중요한물질로알려져있다 (Yu, 2004; Liu et al., 2010; Jordán et al., 2001). 두번째로높은함량을가 798
흰민들레에센셜오일의방향성분 Abundance 7000000 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 TIC: 120611-1.D 0 Time 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 Figure 1. GC-MSD chromatogram of the essential oils from Taraxacum coreanum. 한 fruity 또는 floral 향을가지는물질로서꿀이나차류의향기성분중하나이며, 모기와같은곤충을끌어모으는향으로도알려져있다 (Qin et al., 2011). Ethyl acetate는유기용매의일종으로잘알려져있으나향기성분으로서는복숭아와같은과일에서나타나는 sweet한향을가지는물질로알려져있다. Benzeneacetaldehyde 는중국패모 (Fritillaria thunbergii) 의꽃이나메밀차, 다양한종류의꿀등에서자주발견되는방향성분이다 (Liang et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2008; Baroni et al., 2006). Benzyl alcohol은독성이낮고상쾌하고순한향을가지는물질로서비누나방향제품등에다양하게사용되고있는물질중하나이다. 분석결과확인된성분들의화학구조를 Figure 2에나타내었다. Acetic acid나 benzyl alcohol 등이미알려진성분들과함께 acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate 등다양한식물의기본적인휘발성성분들이확인되었다. 한편, 높은함량을보인 2-pentanol과 nonanal, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde와같은화합물의존재가확인되었으며, α-pinene, β-pinene과같은 terpenoid 성분도일정량함유되어있는것으로나타났다. Figure 2. Chemical structures of volatile compounds in SDE extract from T. coreanum. A: acetic acid, B: pentanal, C: hexanal, D: 1-methylbutylhydroxyperoxide, E: -pinene, F: -pinene, G: benzyl alcohol, H: cyclododecane, I: 2,5-octadiene, J: 2,6-nonadienal, K: hexadecanal, L: alpha-ionone, M: 2-pentanol, N: nonanal, O: acetaldehyde, P: ethyl acetate, Q: benzaldehyde, R: benzeneacetaldehyde. 건조된흰민들레의에센셜오일을 GC-MSD로분석한결과, 총 18종의방향성분을동정하였다. 2-pentanol이 43.25% 의함량으로건조된흰민들레의에센셜오일에존재하는특징적인방향성분으로확인되었으며, 다음으로 benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, nonanal, ethyl acetate, benzeneacetaldehyde 등이각각 9.30%, 9.18%, 8.38%, 7.28%, 5.45% 의함량으로건조된흰민들레에센셜오일의주요방향성분으로나타났다. 이와같은 pattern을기준으로흰민들레의향기에서이취를발생하는성분등불필요한성분을배제한향을만들어관련분야에활용할수있을것으로판단된다. 한편, 0.021% 를보였던에센셜오일추출수율은산업적으로활용하기에는낮은수준으로볼수있으며, 이와같은문제점을개선하기위해서는건조전시료와의수율비교와함께건조나보존방법의변경을통한방향성분손실최소화방법등에대한추가적인연구가진행되어야할것으로판단되었다. 진 benzaldehyde 는아몬드 (almond) 에서최초로분리된향기성분으로향역시아몬드특유의향을나타낸다. Acetaldehyde 는커피나빵류, 완숙된과일등에서폭넓게발견되는방향성분으로식물체에서일반적인대사과정중에만들어지는물질이며, fruity한향을나타낸다. Nonanal은 aldehyde류로서강 류정미. 국내산독활 (Aralia cordata Thunb.) 정유의향취성분 이뇌파에미치는영향. 강원대학교석사학위논문, 2010. 799
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