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Journal of Radiation Industry 5 (2) : 85~89 (20) Technical Paper 방사능수치오염지도작성을위한방사선계측시스템연구 나원경,2 김한수 연제원 이레나 2 하장호, * 한국원자력연구원, 2 이화여자대학교의과대학부속목동병원방사선종양학과 Study of Radiation Mapping System for Water Contamination in Water System Teresa W. Na,2, Han Soo Kim, Jei Won Yeon, Rena Lee 2 and Jang Ho Ha, * Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea Abstract - As nuclear industry has been developed, a various types of radiological contamination has occurred. After 9. terror in U.S.A., it has been concerned that terrorists active area has been enlarged to use nuclear or radioactive substance. Recently, the most powerful earth-quake stroke, which triggered a massive tsunami in Japan and then Fukushima nuclear power plant reactor has suffered from a serious accident in history. The Fukushima reactor accident has occurred an anxiety of radiation leaks and about 70,000 people have been evacuated from the accidental area near the nuclear power plant. For these reasons, a social chaos can be occurred if radiological contamination occurs to the supply system for the drinking water. As such, the establishment of the radiation monitoring system for the city main water system is compelling for the national security. In this study, a feasibility test of radiation monitoring system which consists of unified hybrid-type radiation detectors was experimented for multi detection system by using gammaray imaging. The hybrid-type radiation sensors were fabricated with CsI(Tl) scintillators and photodiodes. A preamplifier and amplifier was also fabricated and assembled with the sensor in the shielding case. For the preliminary test of detection of radiological contamination in the river, multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode radiation detectors and 37 Cs gamma-ray source were used. The DAQ was done by Linux based ROOT program and NI DAQ system with Labview program. The simulated contamination was assumed to be occurred at Gapcheon river in Daejeon city. Multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode radiation detectors were positioned at the Gapcheon river side. Assuming that the radiological contaminations flows in the river the 37 Cs gamma-ray source has been moved and then, the contamination region was reconstructed. Key words : CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detector, National security, Radiological contamination of water supply system, Radiation mapping image 서 론 * Corresponding author: Jang Ho Ha, Tel. +82-42-868-2038, Fax. +82-42-868-4738, E-mail. jhha@kaeri.re.kr 최근원자력산업의발전과방사능이용기술확대로다양한형태의방사능오염발생가능성이증가하고있 85

86 나원경 김한수 연제원 이레나 하장호 Fig.. Fabricated CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detector with CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode sensor and analog signal processing devices. 37 Cs CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode sensor Preamp Amp PC CAMAC ADC Fig. 2. Schematics diagram of CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detector performance test and signal processing. 다. 미국 9. 테러사건이후해외테러집단의활동범위가확대되고있고핵및방사성물질을이용한테러가능성이증가되고있어국가안보적비상사태가우려되고있다. 또한최근에일본후쿠시마원전폭발로인하여방사성물질로인한방사능오염의불안감이확산되고있고약 70,000명의인구들이대피하였다. 특히나식수로쓰는하천수의방사능오염은범사회적불안을야기하므로국가보안적차원에서차단되어야하며, 국가차원의대비책으로하천수의방사능오염계측시스템의구축이시급하다. 이연구에서는 hybrid-type 방사선계측기를자체설계및제작을통하여하천수방사능오염측정을위한가상실험을구현하였다. 제작한 hybrid-type 방사선계측기는 CsI(Tl) 섬광체와광다이오드를결합한센서와아날로그신호처리를위해전치증폭기 (preamplifier) 와증폭기 (amplifier) 를센서와함께결합하여기존의계측기시스템의편의성을확보하였다. 일반적인섬광체계측기는 Photomultiplier tube (PMT) 를이용하는데 PMT는고전압을인가해야하므로대체적으로계측기의크기가크다는단점이있다. 제작된 hybrid-type 방사선계측기는 PMT 대신광다이오드를사용하여소형으로제작가능하며, 저전력소모로제작하였다. 또한자체제작한 hybrid-type 방사선계측기는배터리전원으로도스팩트럼분석기기에직접연결하여신호분석을할수있다는장점이있다. 이연구에서는하천수의이동으로인한방사능오염의확산을빠르게계측할수있도록다중계측시스템을위해제작한일체형 hybrid-type 방사선계측기들의성능평가를시행하였고다중계측시스템으로선원의 움직임에따른감마선영상을구현하였다. 재료및방법 Hybrid-type 방사선센서는 CsI(Tl) 섬광체 (0 0 20 mm 3 ) 와광다이오드를결합 제작하였으며, 아날로그신호처리를위해전치증폭기와증폭기를제작하여조합하였다. 단일 hybrid-type 감마선계측기의크기는 25 (W) 25 (L) 00* (H) mm 3 이며, 센서, 전자회로, 그리고전원장치와함께조합하여외부노이즈를제거하기위해알루미늄케이스에넣어서소형화하였다. 감마선계측기의입력전압은 +7~+5 DCV이고, 최대출력전압은 +6V이고 offset, Gain과 Pole-zero들의조절이가능하다 (Kim et al. 200). 20개의 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기들의성능평가는 37 Cs (662 kev) 감마선원과 NIM 모듈 CAMAC ADC (Analog Digital Converter) 를선원의스팩트럼측정을위해사용하였고리눅스기반의 ROOT 프로그램으로측정한스팩트럼들을교정하였다. 하천수오염측정을위한가상실험으로 20개의다중 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기의성능평가는 37 Cs (662 kev) 감마선원, 리눅스기반의 ROOT 프로그램과 NI사의 DAQ 시스템과 DAQ로부터나오는신호분석을위해 Labview 프로그램을사용하였다. NI사 Compact DAQ 시스템모듈 (NI cdaq 978) 은 32비트급이고 NI 920은 2-비트의아날로그입력모듈로 ±0 V 입력범위의 8개의아날로그입력라인이있고샘플링 rate

방사능수치오염지도작성을위한방사선계측시스템연구 87 은 500 ks s - 이다. 가상모의실험을위해총 20개의다중 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기들은대전시갑천가상사진위에갑천변을따라배치되었다. 갑천사 진내에서 둔산대교 라고기재되어있는다리위를기준으로잡았다. 하천의방사능오염을모사하기위해 37 Cs 선원을옮겨가면서모의실험하였다. 20개의다중 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기의성능평가실험은특정위치에배치된다수의계측기들과 NI사의 DAQ 시스템을사용하여신호처리장치를구성하여선원이배치되어진위치에따른계수값을방사선강도로표시하도록구성하였다. 측정되어진계수값은리눅스기반 ROOT 프로그램으로감마선영상을재구성하였다. 결과및논의 Fig. 3. Location of the detectors for simulated radiological contamination in Gapcheon river (Image obtained by Google Map). 각각 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기교정을위해 662 kev 감마선에너지를가진 37 Cs 선원을사용하였으며 Table 에서보는바와같이에너지분해능은약.2±0.6% 의분포를가졌다. 대전시갑천의방사능오염에대한가상모의실험에 Fig. 4. Measurement of 37 Cs gamma-ray spectra with CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detectors.

88 나원경 김한수 연제원 이레나 하장호 Table. Energy resolutions of multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detectors 계측기번호분해능 at 662 kev (%) 3.±0.6 2 9.9±0.4 3 2.±0.5 4 3.±0.5 5 2.3±0.5 6.4±0.4 7.2±0.6 8 0.2±0.5 9 0.7±0.6 0 0.3±0.6 0.±0.5 2 9.5±0.5 3 9.5±0.5 4 0.4±0.5 5 0.±0.5 6 0.4±0.5 7 0.0±0.5 8.0±0.6 9 2.4±0.7 20 0.3±0.5 Table 2. Locations of multi CsI(Tl)-PIN photodiode detectors coordinates 계측기번호 위치값 (X cm) 위치값 (Y cm) 49.0 3.8 2 44.5 4.7 3 34.5 0.0 4 30.5-2.5 5 2.4-9.9 6 9.9-2.5 7-2.5 -.8 8-4.6-9.3 9-30.2-0.3 0-32.6-0.2 32.5 20.0 2 33.9 22.9 3 3.0 3. 4 9..8 5-2.5 9.0 6-6.9 8.2 7-20.3 7.0 8-23.3 6.0 9-42.5 3.2 20-48.5 0.0 2 3 4 Fig. 5. Gamma-ray image reconstruction at different location of the 37 Cs source. 서 20개의다중 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기들의기준으로부터떨어진거리배치는다음 Table 2와같이이루어졌다. 37 Cs 선원의첫번째위치는기준으로부터 (9 cm, 7.5 cm) 떨어진지점이다. 두번째위치는기준점에배치되었고세번째위치는 (-6.5 cm, 0 cm) 지점, 마지막네번째위치는 (-39.3 cm, -2 cm) 지점에배치되었다. 20개의다중 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기를

방사능수치오염지도작성을위한방사선계측시스템연구 89 이용하여측정지역의오염정도를이미지화하여오염원을예측할수있는자료를산출하기위해 NI사 DAQ 시스템을사용하였고시스템구동을위해 Labview 프로그램을 20개계측기들의배열에따라측정되는계수값들을쓰도록프로그래밍하였다. 37 Cs 선원위치에따라측정된계수값을이용하여 37 Cs 선원위치및방사능세기를리눅스기반의 ROOT 프로그램을이용하여이미지화, 이미지재구성을행하였다. 영상재구성은 ROOT 프로그램을사용하여방사성동위원소의예상되는위치의추측의예측치와실험치를비교분석하여영상화하였다. 감마선영상을재구성한결과주변에계측기의수가많을수록위치분해능이좋았으며선원에서가장가까운 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기의계수값 ( 빨간영역 ) 이다른영역보다더높은것을볼수가있었다. 또한선원의위치가옮겨감에따라선원에근접한계측기들의계수값 ( 빨간영역 ) 들이옮겨가면서영상도바뀌는것을확인할수가있었다. Fig. 5에서그린감마선영상에서 번위치의경우동위원소위치영상분해능은 95% 의정확도로 40.9 cm에분포한다는결과를얻었다. 실제환경에서는계측기의위치분포의최적화가중요하며, 현장에서는활용가능성을확인하였다. 결론본연구에서는 hybrid-type CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드계측기를설계및제작하여센서의성능평가를행하였고국가안보차원에서하천수방사선오염측정을위해제작한방사선모니터링 CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드계측기의성능및특성평가를행하였다. 선원위치추적을위해 다중 hybrid-type CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드감마선계측기들의성능평가는 NI사 DAQ 모듈시스템과 Labview 프로그램을이용하여 37 Cs 선원위치에따른계측기들의계수값들을측정하여이미지재구성을행하였다. 감마선오염지도작성계측시스템은동위원소위치에따른방사선영상을얻을수있어현장활용가능성을확인하였다. 향후에너지분해능향상을위해자체제작한전자회로의노이즈감소를위한시스템최적화연구를수행할계획으로보안검색, 환경오염감시, 교육, 산업등다양한분야적용연구를진행할계획이다. 사 본연구는한국원자력연구원창의연구과제및교육과학기술부연구개발사업의일환으로수행되었습니다. 영상구현에도움주신김남영박사님께감사드립니다. 사 참고문헌 나원경, 김한수, 연제원, 이레나, 하장호. 20. 광역하천수방사능오염측정을위한 Hybrid-type CsI(Tl)-PIN 광다이오드계측시스템개발. 대한방사선방어학회 20 년도춘계학술발표회및심포지엄. KARP_C20A_0054. Kim HS, Park SH, Ha JH, Lee DH and Cho SY. 200. Characteristics of a fabricated PIN photodiode for a matching with a CsI(Tl) scintillator. IEEE TNS 57(3):382-385. Korea National Instrument. www.ni.com/ko. Manuscript Received: May, 20 Revision Accepted: May 6, 20