(JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014) (Special Paper) 19 2, 2014 3 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.2.148 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 3DTV a), a), a), a), b), b), a) Quality Verification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos Jooyoung Lee a), Sung-Hoon Kim a), Seyoon Jeong a), Jin Soo Choi a), Dong-Wook Kang b), Kyeong-Hoon Jung b), and Jinwoong Kim a) 3D,. 3D.,.,. 3DTV 3D. Abstract Various techniques have been developed for efficient compression of stereoscopic 3D videos. Mixed-resolution based approach is one representative bit-rate saving method based on the characteristics of human visual system that the mixed-resolution stereoscopic videos are perceived close to the higher resolution. However, when the difference between the left and right image resolutions is bigger than a certain threshold level, it causes the perceived quality degradation of the 3D images. Subsequently, several researches tried to find the correlation between the difference in resolution and the level of the perceived quality degradation, but they conducted the experiments just considering the difference in resolution without considering the viewing distances, so thereby different results were retrieved from test to test. In this work, we calculated the optimal viewing distance based on the human visual system, and conducted the subjective tests with the calculated viewing distance. With the results, we demonstrate that the fixed and mobile hybrid 3DTV, which is based on mixed-resolution stereoscopic images, can provide the high quality 3D services. Keyword : 3DTV, ATSC, mixed-resolution stereo video, stereo video compression
6 : 3DTV (Jooyoung Lee et al. : Quality Verrification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos). 3D 3D, 3DTV. HEVC [1], MVC (Multiview Video Coding) [2]. 3D [3]. 3D. (Binocu- lar Rivalry Suppression) [4]., 3D. 3D.. HD,. a) (Broadcasting & Telecommunications Media Research Laboratory, ETRI) b) (School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University) Corresponding Author : (Jinwoong Kim) E-mail: jwkim@etri.re.kr Tel: +82-42-860-6280 2014 (ICT). 2013. Manuscript received January 13, 2014 Revised March 10, 2014 Accepted March 19, 2014. 2 3DTV. 3, 4.. 3DTV 3DTV 3D, 2D, 6MHz [5]. 6MHz 19.39Mbps, 6MHz 2D. 3DTV,. 3D, 2D 3D 2D. 3DTV 1 2D, 3DTV. 3DTV ATSC A/53 [6] A/153 [7], 2D. ATSC 3DTV
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014) 1. 3DTV Fig. 1. Concept of fixed and mobile hybrid 3DTV broadcast system, A/104 Part 5 Candidate Standard 2015. 3DTV HD SD 3D. (Binocular Rivalry Suppression),. 3DTV 3DTV.
6 : 3DTV (Jooyoung Lee et al. : Quality Verrification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos) 3D [8]. 3D [8][9][10],. [8], [9], [10], 2.1-2.4H, 4H, 3.3H. 4H [9] 1/4 ( ), 2.1-2.4H [8] 1/4.,.,.., 3D. 1. ITU-R BT.500 [11] ITU-T P.910 [12],. [8],[9],[10] 2.1-2.4H, 4H, 3.3H,... 2. Fig. 2. Illustration of optimal viewing distance for the subjective quality assessment
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014),.. 2. min tan tan (1). (1),. 1.0 ( 20/20 6/6 ) [14][15], 1.0 1 (arcminute; 1/60) [13]. 1,. (1) PW PH DHS DVS. (1), tan(1/60). (1) 3. (55, HD ) Fig. 3. Examples of the image resolution and the display size for the calculation of optimum viewing distance,. 3 55 1. Table 1. Examples of optimal viewing distance according to display sizes and image resolutions (inch cm) (cm) 32 81.28 70.84 42 106.68 92.98 55 139.7 121.76 60 152.4 132.83 80 203.2 154.97 100 254 177.10 120 304.8 221.38 (pixels) (cm) 1280 190.2622 1920 126.8415 3840 59.45695 1280 249.7192 1920 166.4795 3840 78.03725 1280 327.0132 1920 218.0088 3840 102.1916 1280 356.7417 1920 237.8278 3840 111.4818 1280 475.6556 1920 317.1037 3840 148.6424 1280 594.5695 1920 396.3797 3840 185.803 1280 713.4834 1920 475.6556 3840 222.9636
이주영 외 인 혼합 해상도 양안식 영상에 대한 주관적 화질평가를 통한 고정 및 이동 융합형 서비스의 품질 검증 6 : 3DTV (Jooyoung Lee et al. : Quality Verrification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos) 153 인 경우의 식(1)에 대한 입력 파라미터를 도식화한 것이다. 표 1 은 식 (1)에 따라 계산된 디스플레이 사이즈 및 영상 해상도에 따른 최적 시청거리 예를 나타낸 것이다. HD(1920x1080) 2. 실험 환경 실험을 위해 그림 4와 같이 네 개의 테스트 시퀀스( Band, BMX, Musicians, Poker )를 이용하였다. 테스트 시퀀 스는 표 2와 같이 1920x1080 사이즈로 구성되었으며, 10초 짜리 영상 하나와 8초짜리 영상 셋으로 구성되었다. 각 시 퀀스의 프레임레이트는 29.97 fps였다. 영상의 특성을 확인 하기 위해 ITU-T P.910 권고안 에 따라 영상의 공간 인지 정보(SI; Spatial perceptual information)과 시간 인지 정보 (TI; Temporal perceptual information) 값을 계산하였으며, 권고안에 따라 그림 5와 같이 다양한 공간 및 시간 인지 정보의 영상을 사용하였다. 화질 평가에서 네 시퀀스의 [12] 그림 5. 테스트 시퀀스의 시간 및 공간 인지 정보 Fig. 5. Temporal and spatial perceptual information of the test sequences 좌영상은 1920x1080 해상도의 원영상을 사용하였으며, 우 영상은 830x480, 640x368, 416x240 세 가지 해상도 (이하 (a) Band (b) BMX (c) Musicians (d) Poker 그림 4. 주관적 화질평가용 테스트 시퀀스 스냅샷 Fig. 4. Snapshots of the test sequences for the subjective quality assessment
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014) 2. Table 2. Test sequence information SI (Spatial perceptual Info.) TI (Temporal perceptual Info.) Band 1920 x1080 10s 29.97 52.0512 22.7111 BMX 1920 x1080 8s 29.97 54.9013 38.202 Musicians 1920 x1080 8s 29.97 106.2738 28.6297 Poker 1920 x1080 8s 29.97 75.9937 15.2199 480p, 360p, 240p). ATSC A/153. 16. 55 LG 3D (55LM9600), (1) 218Cm (3.18H). DSIS (Double Stimulus Impairment Scaling) [11],. DSIS,. 23, 34.6. 19, 3, 1. 0.94 1.0. 3. 6 MOS (Mean Opinion Score) 95%. 6 480p. 480p 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 re S c o 2.5 O M 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Band BMX Musicians Poker 6. Fig. 6. Test results of the quality assessment. 360p, 360p. 360p MOS 4.0. 240p. SI Musicians Poker, SI Band BMX. TI BMX 240p Ref 480 360 240
6 : 3DTV (Jooyoung Lee et al. : Quality Verrification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos)..,,. HD 480p 3D HD 3D 3D., HD 240p..,. HD,, 3DTV., HD 480p, 240P. 3DTV 360p 480p 3DTV, 3DTV. (References) [1] S. Cho, S. Jeong, E. Lee, J. Choi, J. Kim, "A terrestrial stereoscopic 3DTV broadcasting system based on high efficiency video coding", Telecommunications Review, vol. 21, no. 4, pp.554~570, 2011 [2] A. Vetro, T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan "Overview of the stereo and multivew video coding extensions of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard", Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, pp.626-642 2011 [3] L. Zhang and W. Tam "Stereoscopic image generation based on depth images for 3D TV", IEEE Trans. Broadcasting, vol. 51, no. 2, pp.191-199 2005 [4] H. Asher, "Suppression theory of binocular vision," Brit. J. Ophtamology, vol. 37, pp. 37-49, 1953. [5] J. Lee, S. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Choi, J. Kim, Bandwidth-efficient stereoscopic 3D broadcasting system utilizing mobile broadcast network, ICT Convergence 2013 Conf., Jeju, to be published. [6] ATSC digital television standard, ATSC standard A/53, Aug. 2009. [7] ATSC Mobile DTV standard, ATSC standard A/153, Oct. 2009. [8] P. Aflaki, M. Hannuksela, M. Gabbouj, "Subjective quality assessment of asymmetric stereoscopic 3D video," Signal, Image and Video Processing, DOI: 10.1007/s11760-013-0439-0, Mar. 2013. [9] L. Stelmach, W. J. Tam, D. Meegan and A. Vincent "Stereo image quality: Effects of mixed spatiotemporal resolution," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp.188-193 2000. [10] B. Kim et al., "A study on feasibility of dual-channel 3DTV service via ATSC-M/H," ETRI Journal, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 17-23, Feb. 2012. [11] Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures, ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-13, 2012. [12] Subjective video quality assessment methods for multimedia applications, ITU-T Recommendation P.910, 2008. [13] H. Kolb, E. Fernandez, and R. Nelson, Webvision : the organization of the retina and visual system, [Online]. Available: http://webvision. med. utah.edu/, 2001. [14] EyeCare Associates of East Texas, What does 20/20 vision mean?, [Online]. Available: http://www.eyecaretyler.com/2020.htm [15] Wikipedia, Snellen chart, [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/snellen_chart
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 2, March 2014) - 2003 2 : - 2006 2 : - 2006 2 ~ : - :, 3DTV, - 1996 ~ 2000 : LG - 2008 : - 2000 ~ : - :, 3DTV, 3D/UHDTV - 1995 2 : - 1997 2 : - 2014 : - 1996 12 ~ : - : Video Coding, UHDTV, Mobile Broadcasting - 1990 2 : - 1992 2 : - 1996 2 : - 1996 5 ~ : / - :, UHDTV, 3DTV, - 1986 2 : - 1988 2 : - 1995 2 : - 1995 ~ : - 2000 9 ~ 2001 8 : Lucent Technology MTS - :,
6 : 3DTV (Jooyoung Lee et al. : Quality Verrification of Fixed and Mobile Hybrid 3DTV Services via a Subjective Test of Mixed-resolution Stereoscopic Videos) - 1987 2 : - 1989 2 : - 1996 2 : - 1991 12 ~ 1997 2 : - 1997 3 ~ 2005 2 : - 2005 3 ~ : - :, - 1981 2 : - 1993 8 : Texas A&M - 2004 7 ~ 2005 6 : Columbia - 1983 3 ~ : / - :, 3DTV, UHDTV, Audio Video,,