Topic : IT 로이끄는신개념제조혁신, 3D 프린팅 Associate Professor of Department of Industrial Design, Seoil University Prof. Sung-Kwon Choi 2013. 10. 08.
Contents I. AM & 3D Printing Overview 1. 3D Printing Issue 2. What is AM & 3D Printing? 3. How companies are applying AM processes 4. Installations by country 5. CAD software 6. Hardware Type 7. Build Volume(size) 8. Materials & AM Systems 9. AM Comparison Matrix IV. Conclusion 1. AM(Additive Manufacturing)Benefits 2. The `marble model, check it out! 3. Production Method Comparison 4. 3D Printing & Design Market References II. 3D Printing Technology & Application SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) 1. Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier 2. Leaf Design Series/ iphone4s Protection Cases 3. Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp 4. Korea Bridal crown Hair band FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 5. Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp DLP (Digital Light Processing) 6. Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design SLA/SL (Stereo Lithography Apparatus) 7. Twilight / LED Lighting 8. Drop Light / Power LED Lighting 9. DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot Etc.
3D Printing Issue 3D Printing is next revolution in manufacturing Alvin Toffler Barack Hussein Obama Chris Anderson Janne Kyttanen Terry T. Wohlers Neri Oxman Charlie Maddock Peter Weijmarshausen
What is AM & 3D Printing? 3D Printing > Layer by Layer CAD 3D Modeling 3D Printing Prototype * ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee * RP: Rapid Prototyping > AM: Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing
What is AM & 3D Printing? SM RP AM Subtractive Manufacturing RP: Rapid Prototyping RT: Rapid Tooling RM: Rapid Manufacturing AM: Additive Manufacturing 3D Printing 3D Printing Formative Subtractive Additive 3D Printer / AM Machines * ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee
3D Printing Needs 제품다양화요구 제품형상의복잡화 NC 가공의한계 TIME Concurrent Engineering 기업의경쟁력강화 인건비상승 금형제작비상승 COST 제품수명주기단축
How companies are applying AM processes Source : Wohlers Report 2013, Wohlers Associates, Inc.
CAD software Structure in Nature 1990 Freeform surface 1980 6 surfaces Algorism Modeling Generative Modeling Parametric Modeling 1970 Corner R Topology Modeling Haptic Device Modeling 1960 box 2000~
3D Scanning & Software 3D Scan equipment Touch Probe Type 접촉식 Noncontact Type 非접촉식 Point cloud Polygon mesh 3D Printing * White Paper:3 RD Generation Parametric Modeling from 3D Scan Data(F), Martin Chader
Hardware Type Box type Robot type Conveyor Type
Hardware Type FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling SLA / SL Entry Level 3D Printer 출처 : http://www.3ders.org/pricecompare/3dprinters/ 3D DERS 홈페이지에제조사 2013년현재 18개국 62개사등록국가 : 미국, 캐나다, 영국, 싱가폴, 프랑스, 홍콩, 인디아, 한국, 스페인, 중국, 독일, 이탈리아, 네덜란드, 일본, 폴란드, 대만, 네덜란드, 덴마크등제품형식 : DIY 형태주류 > 제품가격 : $200~$7,000 > 프린팅기술 FFF(FDM) 방식주류 > 오픈소스와특허만료사용재료 : ABS, PLA 주력, Lawood-D3, Nylon-618, PC > 재료가격 : $10~$140 제조사는전문기업과개인 DIY 혼재 > TOP 10엔전문기업우세초기 RepRap 오픈소스코드를이용하여개발 > 향후자체적인업그레이드지속서비스필요한국의경우멘델, 윌리봇, 에디슨등 5개사정도가현재 DIY형태로초기제품개발 > 커뮤니티로카페활용
Entry level 3D Printer sales 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 출처 : Wohlers Report 2009, Terry Wohlers, page 53 요약
Build Volume(size) InkJet SLS SLA 4000 x 2000 x 1000mm 700 x 380 x 560mm >SLS(Selective Laser Sintering) technology >Layer Thickness 120 micron=0.12mm DLP 2100 x 700 x 800mm >SLA(SL): Stereolithography technology >Layer Thickness 50 micron=0.05mm PolyJet >Ink-jet print technology >Selective powder adherence >26.560 nozzles >resolution: 600 dpi >print with: 1120 mm >printing speed: 75s/layer >layer thickness: 300 micron FDM SLA 445 x 356 x 500mm >DLP(Digital Light Projection)technology >Layer Thickness 25 micron=0.025mm 1000 x 800 x 500mm >PolyJet Matrix technology >Layer Thickness 16 micron=0.016mm 914 x 610 x 914mm >FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) technology >Layer Thickness 117 micron=0.330/0.254/0.178mm >3D laser lithography technology >3D micro & nanostructure made >ex1. 220 micron=0.22mm >ex2. 10 micron=0.01mm
Materials Stainless Steel, Bronze, Titanium Ti64 Plastic Metal Rubber ABS,PLA, Epoxy, PC, Nylon Etc. Paper Wax Wood Cement Polymer Ceramic composite Sand Sugar Salt Chocolate Food Meat Human tissue
Materials & AM Systems Powder-based systems Solid-based systems Liquid-based systems
AM Comparison Matrix
Additive Manufacturing-01 Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier
SLS : Selective Laser Sintering
Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013. 01
Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013. 3D Modeling & Inspection 02
SLS Making platform Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013. Cooling Time SLS : Selective Laser Sintering 03
Sound pebble / iphone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013. Packaging 05
Additive Manufacturing-02 Leaf Design Series/ iphone4s Protection Cases
Reverse Engineering 3D Scanning Shape Design 01
Leaf series/ iphone4s Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012. Dyeing 02
Leaf series/ iphone4s Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012. User Testing 03
Leaf series/ iphone4s Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012. Packaging 04
Additive Manufacturing-03 Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp
Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp, Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
Lighting Design Quin-MGX, Desugn by Basheba Grossman, US/ courtesy of materialise / SLA, PA, 2007. Quin-MGX, materialise, 2007 / SLS, PA.
Lighting Design Palm Hanging D32, Janne Kyttanen 2007, FOC / SLS, PA.
CLAM / NUDL as team of JUNGLIM Architecture / Korea / 2009. Courtesy of JUNGLIM Architecture
CLAM / NUDL as team of JUNGLIM Architecture / Korea / 2009. Courtesy of JUNGLIM Architecture
Additive Manufacturing-04 The winners of the Accessory Challenge by Materialise
Koran Bridal crown Hairband by Kijin Shin, 3DCONNECTION, 2013. 01
02
The Universe by Jeeyoung Bang 03
04
Alissia Melka, byamt, 2010. Jointed Jewels > Necklaces, Rings, Bangles Jointed Jewels > Necklaces and Rings Jointed Jewels > Bangles and Ring
N12 Bikini, continuumfashion, 2011 / SLS, PA2200.
Additive Manufacturing-05 Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp
FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling
Rhino3D>3D Modeling 01
netfabb studio>3d Modeling Inspection 02
Printer Head Build & Support Final Lamp Shade 3D Printing FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling 03
04
Additive Manufacturing-06 Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design
DLP : Digital Light Processing
Topology Modeling Mesh Modeling > STL. File conversion * STL=Stereo Lithography / * AMF : Additive Manufacturing Format 01
Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012. Mask Image Projection DLP : Digital Light Processing 02
3D Printed Resin Casting Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012. 03
Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012. 04
Jewelry Design Goddess Dream Pendant & Necklace, 18K Gold, Silver Series, JOO,EUN-OK, 2009.
Jewelry Design BLOOMING Earring & Necklace, 18K Gold Series, YEMYUNGJI, 2010.
Additive Manufacturing-07 Twilight / LED Lighting
Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing 01
3D Printing Parts > Post Processing SLA : Stereolithography 02
Twilight / Design by Minsu Kim. 2009. 03
Additive Manufacturing-08 Drop Light / Power LED Lighting
SLA / SL : Stereo Lithography Apparatus 01
Drop Light : Rapid Prototyping / SLA Process 02
Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up), 2010~2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up) 03
Drop Light : Manufacturing goods Drop Light, design by doolight, 2013. 04
Drop Light : Manufacturing goods Drop Light Mini, design by doolight, 2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM 05
Additive Manufacturing-09 DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot
DONA: Urban Donation Motivating Robot. Design by Min Su Kim. 2009~2011. Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN/RCA A C B D Two initial concept sketches and prototypes Final prototype Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN 01
3D Modeling & Inner structure assembling inspection 02
1 Image Mapping(Character-oriented, Humanoid-like type) Form study with clay 3 Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing 2 Rapid Prototyping > SLA 4 Parts Assembling 03
Public Demonstration, Seoul Museum of Art, 2011. 04
AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits Additive Manufacturing has many remarkable benefits compared to traditional mass production techniques Rapid It can build unique and complex parts rapidly over a number of hours. Affordable Additive Manufacturing eliminates tooling, set-up and some labor costs. It can produce parts of far superior complexity that can consist of one or more movable components without the need for assembly. Hence, it is the only viable manufacturing process for Mass Customization'. Less Waste There is considerably less material waste than traditional manufacturing techniques. Environmentally Friendly Local manufacturing results in a lower carbon footprint and materials can include recycled plastics. Competitive With no upfront costs for moulds, manufacturing on-demand promotes a positive cash flow. Flexible Design The absence of moulds allows for complex geometries to be created without difficulty.
AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits Long lead time Just in time A traditional supply chain A 3D printing supply chain
3D Printing & Design Market Long Tail Economy, Chris Anderson
Production Method Comparison 다양성복잡성유연성 ($) 방법 1 사출성형 ( 금형제작비용 1 만달러 + 고무오리 1 개당 20 달러 ) 개당 방법 2 3 차원프린터 ( 고무오리 1 개를추가생산할때드는비용은 20 달러로동일 ) 제조 비용 ( 개 ) 제품개수
3D Printing & Design Market New Design Business Model 유통 / 판매의민주화 Distribution/Sales Democratization 자금조달의민주화 Funds Procurement Democratization 제조의민주화 Production Democratization Global Online Web Global Online App Crowd Funding 3D Printing Arduino Open Source
3D Printing & AM Paradigm 예측 MAKE THE IMAGINATION RAEL 상상하는것을현실로만들수있음 > 무금형 ( 無金型 ) 제품의등장 > No Assembly 상품 >3차원을넘어선디자인제품의등장 >CUSTOMIZATION, LIMITED, 유일상품등장 >Low Volume Production> 다품종소량생산적합 > 기능위주 > 이야기, 감성상품의증가 유통 > 상품의형태가 Digital File 의형태로도 On-Line 유통 >Cloud 컴퓨팅기반 AM 상품유통마켓활성화 > 슈퍼컴퓨팅플랫폼및빅데이터마케팅활성화 >RP / 3D Printer 서비스 Bureau 성장 / 전문회사등장 제조 >Desktop Factory / FAB at Home > 1 인생산기업등장 >Network 교역생산 > 전세계장비활용 > 프로슈머 (Prosumer) 의증가와경계성의한계 NEW BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CREATIVE INDUSRIES
Factory of Future
AM(Additive Manufacturing) 산업을위한준비와해결과제 AM 의바른인식과기초생태계구축 AM 의기술의저변확대노력국내외기술교류와기초연구 3D MODELING 및 SCAN/REVERSE 설계기술인재양성 AM 생태계구축전략수립 AM 장비와재료의국산화 장비의상용화와환경친화적재료개발 사용재료의내구성, 다양성확보 AM 후처리기술확보와개발 AM 상품의표면처리기술 > 상품성높임 AM 디자인상품의적극연구와개발 AM 디자인기술을별도로연구, 교육지원하는 R&D 및 Facility Center 필요 > 대학기초교육 AM 상품의대량생산시설확보 AM 디자인상품의분야별브랜드상품개발 AM 상품은차별화된디자인과초기세분야영역을선점하여 History 가치와국제마케팅 ex. MGX, FOC > History 만들기
References Rapid Manufacturing, An industrial Revolution for the Digital Age Editors N. Hopkinson, R.J.M. Hague and P.M. Dickens / Loughborough University, UK, 2006. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Rapid Prototyping / Principles and Applications / Second Edition, Chua C.K., Leong K. F. and Lim C. S. 2004. World Scientific Wohlers Report 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013 / State of the Industry / Annual Worldwide Progress Report / Terry Wohlers, 2009 / Terry T. Wohlers Wohlers Associates, Inc. The New World of 3D Printing / 2013 /Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman, 2013. The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More, Chris Anderson, New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 2008. 산업디자이너를위한신속조형기술 / RP 활용가이드, 최성권지음, 도서출판혜지원, 2010. Designers for Rapid Prototyping User Guide, Sung-Kwon Choi, Hyejiwon Press, 2010. 앨빈토플러 > 부의미래, 앨빈토플러, 하이디토플러지음, 김중웅옮김, 청림출판, 2006. Revolutionary Wealth 메이커스 (MAKERS), 크리스앤더슨, RHK 알에이치코리아, 2013. www. 3dconnection.co.kr
Q & A Thanks you! 감사합니다.