,.,,... II, III. (Gloria C. Kline) : (The Last Courtly Lover: Yeats and the Idea of Woman),,. II.

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1 ( ) I.. (Michael Hall) (asceticism), (seduction), (epic), (petrarch), (emasculation), (ethereality), (rape)... (Provincal) (Florentine),,. (Castiglion) (Il Cortegiano)

2 ,.,,... II, III. (Gloria C. Kline) : (The Last Courtly Lover: Yeats and the Idea of Woman),,. II.

3 203...,. Courtly love was a medieval Europe conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. Generally, courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility. It was also generally not practiced between husband and wife. In essence, courtly love was an experience between erotic desire and spiritual attainment that now seems contradictory, a love at once illicit and morally elevating, passionate and disciplined, humiliating and exalting, human and transcendent. ( 11.,.,..,. 2, (fl. 1071A.D). 1122, (Eleanor)., ( Tractatus de Amore

4 204 et de Amoris Remedio )..,..., (, ).,.. III (Gloria C. Kline) : (The Last Courtly Lover: Yeats and the Idea of Woman) ,., :?, 20

5 205.,,. For Yeats in the 1890s, the passing faith was what the twentieth century would call a life-style, the aristocratic life-style of ritualized or ceremonial order. He was fond of his friend Lionel Johnson s statement that life is ritual, and he was certain that woman s role was its keystone: How can life be ritual if woman had not her symbolic place? The terms ritual and ceremony did not have for Yeats their twentieth-century superficiality. He came to see civilization itself as an interplay of roles, rituals, and ceremonies such as the ceremony of innocence whose drowning in the flood of anarchy signals the end of Western culture in The Second Coming (Kline 184),.. ( The Sorrow of Love ).. (lamentation of the leaves) (man s image and his cry).... ;

6 206,,. The brawling of a sparrow in the eaves, The brilliant moon and all the milky sky, And all that famous harmony of leaves, Had blotted out man s image and his cry. A girl arose that had red mournful lips And seemed the greatness of the world in tears, Doomed like Odysseus and the labouring ships And proud as Priam murdered with his peers; Arose, and on the instant clamourous eaves, A climbing moon upon an empty sky, And all that lamentation of the leaves, Could but compose man's image and his cry. (CP 45-6),.,... ( A Player for My Daughter )...

7 In courtesy I d have her chiefly learned; Hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned By those that are not entirely beautiful; Yet many, that have played the fool For beauty s very self, has charm made wise, And many a poor man that has roved, Loved and thought himself beloved, From a glad kindness cannot take his eyes. (CP ).,,,.,., (Red Rose) (Red Cross), (proud Rose), (sad Rose),. (while I sing the ancient ways)., ( To the Rose upon the Rood of Time ).

8 208 (epigraph) o beauty ever ancient and yet so new,,....,.. ( Loving in Truth )...., ( O Do not love too long )., :,.., -,

9 209. SWEETHEART, do not love too long: I loved long and long, And grew to be out of fashion Like an old song. All through the years of our youth Neither could have known Their own thought from the other s, We were so much at one. But O, in a minute she changed- O do not love too long, Or you will grow out of fashion Like a old song. (CP 93). ( The Rose of the World ),.,, :, ;. Bow down, archangels, in your dim abode: Before you were, or any hearts to beat, Weary and kind one lingered by His seat;

10 210 He made the world to be a grassy road Before her wandering feet. (CP 41).,!,, ;. Rose of all Roses, Rose of all the World! You, too, have come where the dim tides are hurled Upon the wharves of sorrow, and heard ring The bell that calls us on; the sweet far thing. (CP 43).....,.,

11 211.,. O Oisin, mount by me and ride To shores by the wash of the tremulous tide, Where men have heaped no burial-mounds, And the days pass by like a wayward tune, Where broken faith has never been known, And the blushes of the first love never have flown; (CP 411-2).,.. 1). ( Adam s Curse ).,.,. ;. 1)., (Lucien Millevoye).

12 212 I said, It s certain there is no fine thing Since Adam s fall but needs much labouring. There have been lovers who thought love should be So much compounded of high courtesy That they would sigh and quote with learned looks Precedents out of beautiful old books; Yet now it seems an idle trade enough. (CP 89),.,. : ; I had a thought for no one s but your ears: That you were beautiful, and that I strove To love you in the old high way of love; That it had all seemed happy, and yet we d grown As weary-hearted as that hollow moon. (CP 90),.,.,.,

13 213. (The Green Helmet And Other Poems), (The Seven Woods), 2 ( No Second Troy ).,,???,?? Why should I blame her that she filled my days With misery, or that she would of late Have taught to ignorant men most violent ways, Or hurled the little streets upon the great, Had they but courage equal to desire? What could have made her peaceful with a mind That nobleness made simple as a fire, With beauty like a tightened bow, a kind That is not natural in an age like this, Being high and solitary and most stern? Why, what could she have done, being what she is? Was there another Troy for her to burn? (CP 101)

14 214 IV.,,.,,,,,..,, (sex)...,..,..., (Rose).,

15 215,.. Brady, Margery. tr. Kweon Keong Su. The love story of W. B. Yeats and Maud Gonne. Seoul: Ewha Woman s Press, Burgess, Glyn S(ed). The Spirit of the court : selected proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society. Woodbridge: Suffolk, Castiglione, Baldassarre, Conte. The book of the courtier tr. by Thomas Hoby. London : Dent, Gloria C. Kline. The Last Courtly Lover Yeats and the Idea of Woman. Rochester: Univ. of Rochester Press, Guillaume, de Lorris. The Romance of the Rose translated and edited by Frances Horgan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Yeats, William Butler. The collected poems of W. B. Yeats. London : Macmillan, 1950.

16 216 Abstract Hong, Sung Sook The relationship between Yeats and Gonne seems to show an example of the traditional courtly love. Courtly love was a medieval Europe conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. Under this relationship, although a male expresses the devotional love to a female, a woman shows no love and pity for a man and a woman is an object who uplifts a man s spirit. This relationship may be said to show the man s fear of castration. The relationship between Yeats and Gonne starts by his admiration for her beauty and sternness as a nationalist for the Irish Independence. Also, he glorifies her as a secret being. Moreover, Yeats s love for her shows the doubleness: erotic and spiritual, humane and transcendental, and humiliating and proud. However, Gonne s coldness leads Yeats to desperation. And the last step shows Yeats s fear of castration for the politically-minded Maud Gonne. In Rose, there is Yeats s admiration for the secret woman, Maud Gonne. Yeats s unrequited love leads finally to desperation and sorrow for love, facing Gonne s unwavering coldness as a nationalist, which leads Yeats to give her up, showing a kind of fear of castration. 주제어 (Key Words) (courtly love), (spiritual attainment), (male s unrequited love), (male s fear for castration)

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6..,,..,, ,,,.. ( ) I....,....,,. 20. * 2009. 6..,,..,,.. 20......,,,.. 7,....,.,,,..,. 1889 1 30, 22 (The Wanderings of Oisin)(1888) 23., (woman [who] belonged to famous pictures, to poetry, to some legendary past),