DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

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1 ISSN(print) (1):1-10, March 2017 < 초청논문 > Comparison of National License Tests between Optometrist and Other Medical Occupational Categories Sung-Soo Kang 1, Sang-Hyun Kim 2, Hyun-Suk Shim 2, Duk-Yong Sung 1, and Jun-Beom Shim 2, * 1 Dept. of Ophthalmic Optics, Suseong College, Daegu 42078, Korea 2 Dept. of Ophthalmic Optics, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju 62287, Korea (Received November 17, 2016: Revised March 8, 2017: Accepted March 16, 2017) Purpose: Comparison with national license tests of other domestic medical occupational categories is intended to make it an indicator in order to improve existing paper performance nation test for optometrist toward clinical performance test. Methods: A survey was conducted to the optometrists on the effectiveness of the introduction of clinical performance tests. Out of medical occupational category national tests admini stered by national health personnel licensing examination board, 5 occupational categories of direct performance for doctor, emergency medical technician, dental hygienist, dental technician, and prosthetist and orthotist were compared with performance test for optometrist regarding test status and the ratios of successful applicants. Results: As for the ratios of successful applicants for performance tests of other medical occupational categories, doctors showed 95.05%, dental hygienist 98.3%, dental technician 95.05%, emergency medical technician 97.55%, prosthetist and orthotist 92.6%, respectively. The average ratios of successful applicants for the performance tests of the 6 categories was 95.37%, which made a big gap with 71.05%, the average ratio of successful applicants for paper performance test of optometrist for recent 4 years. The results of the questionnaire showed that the biggest effect of the introduction of the clinical performance test was improvement of the clinical performance ability of new optometrists. Conclusions: It is considered that institutional change into national clinical performance test can produce optometrists to make a great contribution to optometric function improvement according to diversification of visual life. Key words: Optometrist, Clinical performance test, Medical technician, National license test 서론우리나라의보건의료는급속한경제성장과함께더불어발전해왔다. 정부의보건의료정책은적정한의료서비스를모든국민에게효율적으로공급하여보다더나은삶의질을추구하는것을핵심으로하고있다. 이러한보건의료정책을효율적으로수행하는주체가의료인과의료기사로구성되어있는보건의료인력이다. 의료인과의료기사는자격과면허가법으로규정되어있고, 의료인으로는의료법제2조에규정된의사, 조산사, 간호사등과약사법제3조 2항에규정된약사, 한의사가있다. 의료기사에는의료기사등에관한법률제2조에규정된안경사, 의무기록사, 임상병리사, 방사선사, 물리치료사, 작업치료사, 치과기공사및치과위생사와의료법제58조의간호조무사가포함된다. [1] 면허란어떤특정분야에서의 국가에의해인정을받는 다. 는의미를갖고있다. 즉면허를소지한사람은그분야에있어서능력이충분히인정되므로해당분야의활동에별도의규제를받지않는다는것이다. [2] 안경사란무엇인가? 우리나라의경우안경광학을전공하는대학이나전문대학에서정규학문을이수하고국가시험을합격한후안경사면허를취득한자로서안경또는콘택트렌즈등의시력보정용구를필요로하는자를대상으로도수를조정하기위한검사및조제를통하여시생활을유지할수있도록함으로써국민의시력보건향상에기여하는자이다. 안경사제도는 1987년안경사와관련된의료기사등에관한법률의공포에의해시작되었고, 안경광학과의발전은 1984년 2년과정의안경광학과가처음개설된이후 1999년부터는 4년제대학및대학원과정이개설되어지식을습득하는교육과정에그치지않고안경광학을연구하는수준에이르렀다. [3] 또한 1987년당시안경의착용비율은전체인구의 24% 였으나최근 2015년자료에의하 *Corresponding author: Jun Beom Shim, TEL: , psjb0930@hanmail.net 1

2 2 Sung-Soo Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Shim, Duk-Yong Sung, and Jun-Beom Shim 면안경과콘택트렌즈착용비율이 54.6% 로증가되었다. [4] 고령화사회에따른노인인구의증가로근용안경의착용률을포함한다면시력보정용구착용인구의비율은더높아질것이다. 국민소득수준이증가하게되면복지와건강에대한관심은자연스럽게높아진다. 안경사에게과거안경은굴절이상상태를교정하여단순히사물을선명하게볼수있도록하는역할이었지만, 현재는빠르게변화하고있는스마트시대에다양한시생활의요구와각각의환경에알맞은기능까지충족시켜야함과동시에안기능의개선에도도움을주는부가적인기능까지갖추어야한다. 2015년 19세이상의성인남녀들의 68.5% 가안경원에서굴절검사를받는상황 [4] 이고, 시대변화와안경광학과의교육과정의질적양적변화에도불구하고 1987년에개정된의료기사등에관한법률시행령 2조1항 1목의업무범위가한번도개정되지않았다. [5] 또한의료기사법에명시된안경사국가시험역시 1999년당시보건복지부에서한국보건의료인국가시험원으로이관되기전부터시대의흐름과맞지않는지필형실기시험및낮은합격률에대한문제가제기 [6] 되고있지만, 전혀개선되고있지않다. 그로인해산업체에서는졸업후면허를취득한안경사를임상에바로활용하지못하고, 1~3개월의재교육을통하여스스로문제점을해결해오고있다. 이러한문제점을해결하기위해서는현재의상황에맞게의료기사등에관한법률에속한안경사관련조항의개선및사회적요구에반영되는국가면허시험의제도적정비가필요한상황이다. 이에본논문에서는안경사실기시험제도도입의타당성을확인하기위하여전국의안경사를대상으로설문조사를실시하였고, 타의료직종의국가면허실기시험방법및합격률을안경사국가고시와비교하여안경사지필형실기시험의문제점과해결방안에대하여논의하였다. 대상및방법한국보건의료인국가시험원의연구과제인국가실기시험장기개선방향연구보고서및국가실기시험에관해선행된국내의연구자료 [7-10] 를토대로, 직종별국가시험중직접실기로시행하는의사, 응급구조사 (1,2급), 치과위생사, 치과기공사, 의지 보조기기사등 5개직종의시험현황및합격률을조사하였으며, 안경사실기시험의임상형시험제도도입의타당성및효과를확인하기위하여전국의 20~59세안경사 287명을대상으로 2015년 11월 9일 ~ 11월 30일까지우편을통하여설문조사를실시하였다 (Table 1). 결과및고찰 1. 안경사와타의료직종면허취득현황및실기시험현황비교 1) 안경사의배출인원에따른국가시험및면허취득현황현재많은대학들은학령인구의감소에따른교육부의대학구조조정을통해정원을축소시키고있는상태이다. 안경광학과정원도동등한경향으로조정되고있으며, 또한안경광학과선호도하락에따라입학정원은매우빠르게감소되고있다. 김등 [17] 은인구감소에따른안경사의공급을 2020 년에입학생수는 1527명, 졸업생수는 1267명, 응시자수는 1852명, 합격률을 75% 로가정하면배출되는안경사는 1389 명이다고하였고, 현행국가시험체계의 28회까지평균합격률 61.6%(Table 2) 을계산하면배출인원이더욱감소할것이다고보고하였다. 현행안경사국가시험은필기시험과실기시험의동일한교과목간명확한구분없이혼재된문항개발기준들이상당수상존하고있으며 (Table 3, 4), 실기시험내의세부교과목간, 필기시험내의세부교과목간문항개발기 Table 1. A survey on the effectiveness of the introduction of clinical performance tests Classification General characteristics Feasibility study Detail item Age Place of duty agency Clinical career Educational experience Important items when hiring new optometrist A insufficient part in employment during the last five years clinical skill of optometrist Measures to complement the practical skills Educational training period to complement practical skills Thinking about the system change to the clinical performance test Clinical ability enhancement Effect of clinical performance test Considerations for the introduction of clinical performance tests Contents in the introduction of clinical performance test Appropriate number of evaluators by item Appropriate time for clinical performance test Manage of clinical performance test

3 Comparison of National License Tests between Optometrist and Other Medical Occupational Categories 3 Table 2. Applicant and successful applicant number of Korean optometrist (optometrist) Number Year No. of applicant Successful No. of applicant The ratio of successful applicants Total license holder ,536 1, , ,788 9, , ,613 1, , , , , , ,799 1, , , , ,986 1, , ,784 1, , ,792 1, , , , ,739 1, , ,811 1, , ,921 1, , ,313 1, , ,783 1, , ,160 1, , ,407 1, , ,322 1, , ,508 1, , ,569 1, , ,557 1, , ,091 1, , ,973 1, , ,239 1, , ,175 1, , ,198 1, , ,994 1, ,027 Table 3. Optometrist national license test subjects No. of subjects No. of items Score allocation Total score Type of items Written test: per item 190 Practical skill: 1 (written test) 60 1 per item 60 Multiple choice (5 options) Multiple choice (5 options) 준들이중복되는문제점을내포하고있다. 2) 타의료직종실기시험현황및합격률한국보건의료인국가시험원에서시행하는직종별국가시험중직접실기로시행하는직종은의사, 응급구조사 (1, 2급 ), 치과위생사, 치과기공사, 의지 보조기기사등 5개직종이다 (Table 5). 치과의사는현재모의실기시험을추진하고있으며, 2016년직접실기시험을도입할예정이다. 의료기사직종에서작업치료사, 물리치료사, 방사선사, 임상병리사와안경사는 5지선다형의객관식문항으로필기

4 4 Sung-Soo Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Shim, Duk-Yong Sung, and Jun-Beom Shim Table 4. Number of test items, score allocation, and test time in optometrist national license Period Test subjects (No. of items) Type of items (No. of items) 1st Fundamentals of optometry (85) Multiple choice (85) 2nd Medical service legislation (20) Clinical Optometry (85) Multiple choice (105) 3rd Practical skill (written exam) (60) Multiple choice (60) Table 5. Other medical occupational categories national clinical performance test Occupation Year No. of applicant Doctor ,200 1st Emergency medical technician 2nd Emergency medical technician Test No. of public items Items Score allocation Patient encounter (54) Procedure skills (32) Patient encounter (6) Procedure skills (6) Patient encounter (600) Procedure skills (300) , , Dental hygienist ,700 Assessment of the ability to remove and detect plaque (16) Dental technician , Prosthetist and Orthotist Total (18) Prosthetic (10) Orthotic (8) Total (2) Prosthetic (1) Orthotic (1) 100 Table 6. Other medical occupational the ratio of clinical performance successful applicants in recent 2 years Occupation Number Year Doctor 1st. Emergency medical technician 2nd. Emergency medical technician Dental hygienist Dental technician Prosthetist and Orthotist No. of applicant Test results Successful The ratio of successful No. of applicant applicants ,329 3, ,224 3, ,198 1, ,309 1, ,122 1, ,801 1, ,318 5, ,652 5, ,533 1, ,537 1, average 형실기시험이시행되고있다. 최근 2년간직접실기시험합격률은의사 95.05%, 1급응급구조사 97.55%, 2급응급구조사 93.65%, 치과위생사 98.3%, 치과기공사 95.05%, 의지 보조기기사 92.6% 로나타났다 (Table 6). 2. 직종별실기시험현황 1) 의사의사는국내의과대학 ( 또는의학전문대학원 ) 을졸업하고의사국가시험에합격하여보건복지부장관의면허를받

5 Comparison of National License Tests between Optometrist and Other Medical Occupational Categories 5 Table 7. Doctor clinical performance test subjects 12 items No. of items Score allocation Total score 6 items on patient encounters 100 per item items on procedure skills 50 per item 300 Table 8. Doctor clinical performance number of test items, score allocation, and test time Test procedure Test subject Test format Upon the start and finish bells, examiness will move between 12 test rooms (stations) and perform the given tasks. The procedures and the outcome of their performance will be assessed History taking, physical examination, physician and patient interaction, attitude toward patients, and basic technical skill Clinical skill test using standardized and simulated patients and models 10 minutes for each patient encounter item (an additional five minutes allocated for interstation test), and five minutes per procedure skills item. 아야법적자격을획득하고진료할수있다. 외국의과대학을졸업한자인경우, 보건복지부장관이인정한대학일경우에만한국의사국가시험에응시할수있다. 의사국가시험은필기시험과실기시험으로구성되어있으며, 이중실기시험은약 3,200여명의학생을대상으로 9월부터시작하여 11월말까지약 3개월동안실시된다. 시험은국시원으로내방하여응시하게되고, 실기시험공개항목은진료문항 54개, 수기문항 32개항목으로공개되어있으며 (Table 7), 진료 6문항과수기 6문항을정해진시험시작및종료신호에따라 12개시험실을이동하면서각시험실에서주어진과제를수행해야한다 (Table 7). 진료문항은응시자의진료수행능력을, 수기문항은응시자의기본수기능력을각각평가하게되고 (Table 8), 진료문항종료후실시하는수기시험작성방법은전산입력 ( 컴퓨터자판을이용하여컴퓨터에답안입력 ) 방식으로만운영된다. 최종합격자결정은필기시험과실기시험에모두합격한자를최종합격자로하며, 실기시험은의과대학교수로구성된합격선심의위원회에서결정된합격점수이상을득점한자로하되, 합격점수의산출방법에관한세부사항은보건복지부장관이정하여고시한다. 의사실기시험은기존의지식과문제해결능력을평가하는전통적필기시험과차별적으로실제로환자를대상으로진료를수행할수있는능력을평가할수있어야한다. 하지만실제환자를대상으로많은수의수험생을공정하게평가하기는힘들다. 양 [11] 은현재실기시험에서시행하고있는표준화환자의확보와훈련이지속적으로이루어져야하고, 또한실기시험에필요한인력은채점위원 700여명, 표준화환자 3,600명, 보조인력 1,000명, 본부직원 500명으로총 5,800여명의많은인력이동원되므로실기시험응시료또한수험생에게많은부담을주고있으며, 3개월에걸친시험운영으로일자별로모두다른문항 조합을적용해야하는어려움이따르고이러한시간이나공간적인문제들로인하여시험의내용이나형태를발전시키는데장애요인이된다고지적하였다. 2) 치과위생사치과위생사는지역주민과치과질환자를대상으로구강보건교육 예방치과처치 치과진료협조및경영관리를지원하며, 국민의구강건강증진의일익을담당하는사람으로대학또는전문대학치위생 ( 학 ) 과졸업후국가시험에합격하여면허증을부여받게된다. 치과위생사국가시험은필기와실기로구분되는데실기시험은필기시험에앞서매년 11월시행되고, 전국 10개지역의치위생과소재대학에서시행된다. 실기시험공개항목은총16개 ( 치석탐지후제거 ) 이고, 직접실기문항은 1문항으로시험시간은 4분이다. 치과위생사직접실기시험방법은 2015년기준토요일오후, 일요일오전, 오후로 3번으로나누어실시하며, 수험생은지정된요일오전혹은오후에 1번응시하면된다. 응시자는지정된시간에대기실에입장하여시험에대한오리엔테이션을거친후순번에따라 1명씩시험장으로입장하여공개항목중출제문제 1문제를 4분동안실시하면된다. 시험장에는채점위원 2명과안내요원, 계측요원이있으며, 채점위원은평가표에기록된치석탐지영역 (40점), 치석제거영역 (60점) 등을평가하여평가표에기록한다. 실기시험합격은 100점만점에 60점이상이면합격이다. 남등 [12] 은치과위생사의경우임상에서대상자의구강건강문제를확인하고, 이에따라치위생과정을진행하고판단해야하는중요한위치에있음에도실기시험문항자체가기구조작평가에한정되어있어문제해결능력과창의적치위생능력을평가할수없으므로포괄적인임상수

6 6 Sung-Soo Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Shim, Duk-Yong Sung, and Jun-Beom Shim 행능력을평가하기위해서는모의환자를통한실기시험이도입되어야한다고제안했으며, 응시인원이연간 5천명이넘어시험장소와채점위원확보가어렵고마네킹부족, 진행담당인력부족등운영의효율성이저하될수있다며연중전문평가자모집, 실기시험센터개설등이필요하다고지적했다. 3) 치과기공사치과기공사는치과의사의보철물의뢰서에의해보철물또는교정장치등을제작하거나수리, 가공및기타업무에종사하는의료기사이다. 주요업무는치과에서의뢰한보철물의제작이다. 치과기공사로근무하기위해서는치과기공사면허에상응하는보건의료에관한학문을전공하는대학또는전문대학을졸업한사람으로서한국보건의료인국가시험원에서실시하는국가시험에합격한후보건복지부장관의면허를받아야한다. 치과기공사국가시험은실기시험과필기시험으로구성되어있다. 치과기공사실시시험은 1997년부터객관식실기로시작하여 2005년부터는직접실기형태로운영되고있다. 실기시험공개항목및모형은총 18개로, 관교의치공학 ( 도재기공학포함 ) 5개항목, 국부의치기공학 5개항목, 총의치기공학 5개항목, 복합문제 3개항목으로공개되어있다. 직접실기시험은매년 12월필기시험종료후같은장소에서시행되며, 실기문항수는 1문항으로실기시험시간은 90분에서 120분으로시험항목에따라차이가있다. 실기시험종료후국시원에서는완성된기공물을수합하며, 채점위원약20명이각각주어진평가항목을나누어채점하고이를통합하여 100점만점에 60점이상을합격으로한다. 치과기공사의경우현행실기시험문제점은실기시험형태에있어, 하루에필기시험과실기시험을시행함으로서시간의부족에따라종합적인실기평가가어려운것으로나타났고, 실기시험문항에있어임상실무를수행할수있는능력을갖추었는지의여부를측정하기위해서는보다포괄적인실기시험의시행이필요한것으로나타났다. 남등 [13] 은시험장소등의문제와관련하여현행중 고등학교에서시행하는것이실기능력측정에제한요소가제기되어각대학의치기공과실습실에서실시하여야한다고하였으며, 또한현행 1문항을선택하여실기시험을실시하는방법은개인의가공능력을평가하기엔부족하며, 임상직무내용의연계성이부족하므로점진적으로외국의시험제도처럼직무의모든과정을평가할수있는실기시험형태로개선할필요가있다하였다. 시험장소의안정성에관해서는실기시험장에개인이지참하는알콜램프사용시문제가야기되므로각지역치기 공과실습실을이용하는방법도고려하여야한다고지적하고있다. [14] 4) 응급구조사응급구조사는전문적인응급환자처치와이송을통하여생명유지및중대한합병증을예방하며, 각종불의의사고와재난으로부터국민의생명을보호하고, 보다나은양질의응급의료서비스를제공하는자로 1급과 2급으로되어있다. 1급응급구조사는대학또는전문대학에서응급구조학을전공하고졸업한자, 2급응급구조사는실제응급구조사업무에 3년이상종사한자가응시할수있고, 2급응급구조사는보건복지부장관이지정하는응급구조사양성기관에서대통령령이정하는양성과정을이수한자또는보건복지부장관이인정하는외국의응급구조사자격인정을받은자가응시할수있다. 1급직접실기공개항목은 12개이며출제문항은 2개문제가출제되고, 시험시간은각항목당 6분에서 3분 30 초로시험항목에따라차이가있다. 2급직접실기공개항목은 9개이며출제문항은 2개문제가출제되고, 시험시간은각항목당 5분에서 2분으로시험항목에따라차이가있다. 유등 [10] 은체력시험의변별력과관련 1급, 2급응급구조사는실기체력시험결과평균 10점만점에가까운점수를획득하므로, 체력을기반으로하는환자이송법등의실기항목을신설하여별도의체력시험을없애는것을제안했다. 5) 의지 보조기기사의지 보조기기사는신체일부의절단, 골절등에의한손상으로신체가고유의기능을상실하였을때, 결손된신체가본래의기능을수행할수있도록의학 공학적지식을기반으로의 공학적재활서비스를제공하며, 국가자격증제도의필요성에의해 2001년부터보건의료인국가시험원에서시험을주관하고있다. 의지 보조기기사가되기위해서는전문대학또는이와동등이상의학력이있다고교육과학기술부장관이인정하는학교에서보건복지부령이정하는의지 보조기관련교과목을이수하고졸업한자로국가자격시험에합격한자이다. 의지 보조기기사직접실기시험공개항목은총 18개로의지 10개항목, 보조기 8개항목이며, 출제문항수는의지 1개, 보조기 1개로총 2개문항이출제된다. 3. 산업체설문분석 1) 실기시험의도입효과에대한응답 1순위안경사국가시험에실기시험의도입효과에대한응답 1 순위에대한조사결과는 신입안경사의임상수행능력의

7 Comparison of National License Tests between Optometrist and Other Medical Occupational Categories 7 Table 9. Response to the introduction of the clinical performance test Classification Frequency Percent Available Percent Improvement of clinical performance of new optometrists Contributing to standardization of optometrist's clinical education Improving the quality of optometrist's education-(knowledge, skills, attitude) Effect of introduction Contributing to the clinical adaptation of new optometrists Extension of resources of educational institutions Enhancement of linkage between educational institutions and training institutions Total Missing System Total Table 10. 1st considerations for the introduction of clinical performance test Classification Frequency Percent Available Percent Finding ways to improve the quality of clinical education Preparing all requirements for effective management of applicants Considerations Standardization of clinical performance test evaluation contents Reliability and validity of clinical performance test evaluator Total Missing System Total Table 11. Contents in the introduction of clinical performance test Classification Frequency Percent Available Percent optometrist's primary mission Problem solving ability including optometrist's primary mission Contents Field agility including optometrist's primary mission Etc Total Missing System Total 향상 이 95명 (45.7%) 으로가장많았으며, 안경사실습교육의표준화에기여 는 72명 (34.6%), 안경사양성교육의균형적질향상 은 33명 (15.9%) 순으로나타났다 (Table 9). 응시자의효율적관리를위한제반요건의마련 은 41명 (18.2%), 실기시험평가자의신뢰도, 타당도확보 는 32 명 (14.2%) 순으로나타났다 (Table 10). 2) 실기시험의도입을위해최우선적으로고려해야할사항실기시험도입을위한고려사항 1순위는 임상실습교육의질향상을위한방안의모색 이 96명 (42.7%) 으로가장많았으며, 실기시험평가내용의표준화 는 56명 (24.9%), 3) 실기시험도입시포함되어야할내용실기시험을도입한다면어떤내용이포함되어야하는지에대한응답결과는 Table 11과같이 핵심안경사기본임무 가 120명 (45.6%) 으로가장많았으며, 핵심안경사기본임무를포함한현장대처능력 은 98명 (37.3%), 핵심

8 8 Sung-Soo Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Shim, Duk-Yong Sung, and Jun-Beom Shim Table 12. Appropriate number of evaluators by item Classification Frequency Percent Available Percent 1 evaluator per applicant Two evaluators per applicant Number of evaluators 3 or more evaluator per applicant A large number of applicant per evaluator Total Missing System Total 안경사기본임무를포함한문제해결능력 이 44명 (16.7%) 순으로나타났다. 4) 문항별평가자의적정수공정하고객관적인평가를위해필요한문항별평가자의적정수에대한응답결과는 Table 12와같이 응시자 1인당평가자 2인 이 100명 (37.9%) 으로가장많았으며, 응시자 1인당평가자 3인이상 은 95명 (36%), 응시자 1 인당평가자 1인 은 41명 (15.5%), 응시자다수당평가자 1인 은 28명 (10.6%) 으로나타났다. 위와같이국가고시실기시험항목비교결과, 의사는진료문항 (54개항목 ) 과수기문항 (32개항목 ) 으로시행되며각 6문항씩진료문항은 60분에, 수기문항은 30분총 12문항을 90분에시행하고평균합격률은 95.05% 였다. 치과위생사는실기시험 16개공개항목중 1문제를 4분동안실시하며 100점만점에 60점이상이면합격이고평균합격률은 98.3% 이다. 치과기공사는 2005년부터기존의객관식실기에서직접실기형태로운영되는데공개항목및모형은총 18개로, 문항수는 1문항 90분에서 120분으로 100점만점에 60점이상을합격으로하며 95.05% 의평균합격률을나타낸다. 응급구조사의경우 1급은직접실기공개항목 12개에 2개문제가출제되고, 시간은각 6분에서 3 분 30초이며합격률은 97.55% 다. 2급은 9개공개항목에서 2개가출제되며 5분에서 2분의시험시간이주어지고, 평균합격률은 93.65% 이다. 의지보조기사는 18개의공개항목에서의지 1개, 보조기 1개로출제되며 92.6% 의합격률을나타냈다. 이와같이 6개의직군의실기시험평균합격률은 95.37% 로, 최근 4년간안경사지필형실기시험 71.05% 의평균합격률과많은차이를이루고있다. 실제환자를대상으로하는진료수행능력평가, 기구조작평가, 모형의제작, 체력시험등평가방법의객관화되는직종의합격률은높은것으로나타났다. 현재한해평균약 1,600명의안경사가배출되고있고, 2015년약 8,975개의 안경원이개원되어있다. [3] 하지만인구감소의사회적인변화에따른대학입학충원률의급락, 낮은합격률, 또한저조한전공분야의취업률로인해현장에서는안경사수급부족등많은부작용이나타나고있다. 현재업계에서는현장감을익히고, 성장세가가장뚜렷한 3~4년차의안경사구인난이심각하고, 이에장기기술력의부재로말미암아결국깊이있는전문성을가진안경사의공급감소를이끌어안경계장기성장에발목을잡을것으로우려되고있다. [15] 그원인중하나로임상중심의실기대신에지필형태의실기시험에따른산업체만족도는이론중심의교과목보다낮은것으로나타났다. [16] 본연구에서실시한안경사를대상으로한설문조사에서는안경사국가시험에실기시험의도입효과의가장큰영향은 신입안경사의임상수행능력의향상 으로나타났고, 실기시험의고려사항 1순위로 임상실습교육의질향상을위한방안의모색 과더불어실기시험도입시꼭포함되어야할내용에는 핵심안경사기본임무 로조사되었다. 이러한결과를바탕으로국내타의료직종의국가실기시험을참고하여지필형태의실기시험을졸업후현장에서바로실무에발휘할수있는임상중심의실기시험으로대체하고, 그에따른중장기적인계획을수립후체계적인준비과정이필요하며, 시험방법및과목별정의나내용에대한자세한분석과비교연구가향후필요하다고사료된다. 결론각직종마다직무범위, 법적인문제, 경제적환경이상이하며국민의요구사항이서로다를수있으므로이를고려하지않고국가면허시험방법이나내용을획일적으로적용하기에는무리가따른다. 그러나의료기사국가고시변화과정과빠르게변화하는외부환경에따른현재사회적요구와미래사회에맞는안경사의정의및역할이무

9 Comparison of National License Tests between Optometrist and Other Medical Occupational Categories 9 엇인지를지속적으로고민하고연구할필요는있다. 그리고필요하다면이에맞는국가고시의제도변화등을학교, 단체, 행정기관등과서로일관성있게소통하고이를반영한임상중심의실기시험국가고시로발전된다면이를통하여시생활의다양화에따른안기능의개선에보다많은기여를할수있는안경사를배출할수있을것이라사료된다. 감사의글 본논문은 2015년도광주보건대학교교내연구비의지원을받아수행되었습니다 (NO ). REFERENCES [1] Kwon SS, Han SJ. A study of the increasing rate and the state of sex ratio in each specific fields of medical technicians in Korea. J Dent Hyg Sci. 2006;6(2): [2] Nam YO. Dental hygieology, 2nd ED. Seoul: Cheonggu Publishing, 2011;125. [3] Seo JK, Shim HS, Kim SH. The status, problems and solutions of Korean optometrist(optician). Korean J Vis Sci. 2014;16(3): [4] Korean Optometric Association. The National Survey of Eyeglasses and Contact lens 2015, Cate_05/content.asp?ref=40&step=1&re_level=1&board_id =cate04_1&page=1&board_kind_sub=(19 March 2017). [5] Seo JM, Kim JD, Kim HS, Shim HS, Kim SH. The need for change of Korean optician(optometrist) system. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2015;20(4): [6] Sung PJ, Jon KC. A study on subjects for the angyoungsa licence examination managed by guksiwon, reforming the curriculum and syllubus of the optometry and opticianary in Korea. Korean J Vis Sci. 1999;1(1): [7] Huh S. How to succeed in carrying out the first trial of the clinical skills examination in the korean medical licensing examination. Korean J Med Educ. 2009;21(3): [8] Kim SH, Jang JH, Oh SH. A study for the improvement subjects of the Korean dental hygienists' licensing examination. J Dent Hyg Sci. 2009;9(3): [9] Lee DH, Jung IS, Han CS. Research for the standard model of the items of the national qualification examination for the dental technician. J Kor Aca Den Tec. 2002;23(2): [10] Yoou SK, Choi ES, Shin DM, Jo JM, Lee JE, Roh SG et al. Proposal of a new emergency medical technician national practical examination. Korean J Emerg Med Ser. 2012;16(3): [11] Yang EB. Perceptions on item disclosure for the Korean medical licensing examination. Korean J Med Educ. 2015;27(3): [12] Nam YO, Ju OJ, Kim MJ. A study on the improvement of the national dental hygienist practical examination. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg. 2013;13(2): [13] Nam SY, Chung IS, Lee GS, Kim JH, You CH, Lee SK. A study on improvement of dental technicians practical examination system. J Korean Acad Dent Technol. 2014; 36(1): [14] Bae EJ, Kim GB, Kim WC, Kim JH, Yu JH, Lee KS. The study on the improvement of dental technician practical examination II. J Korean Acad Dent Technol. 2014; 36(1): [15] The Korea Optical News. Serious Difficulty of Optometrist Recruitment, Glasses Growth Difficult, (13 November 2016). [16] Park HK, Lee HS, Lee YI, Kim JH, Lee SW, Kim SG et al. Study on the satisfactions of the ophthalmic optics' curriculum for students and industry: focusing on threeyear educational system in Gyeonggi province. Korean J Vis Sci. 2013;15(4): [17] Kim HS, Seo JK, Shim HS, Kim SH. The study on future supply of optometrists in Korea. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2016;21(4):

10 10 Sung-Soo Kang, Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Shim, Duk-Yong Sung, and Jun-Beom Shim 안경사와타의료직종의국가면허시험비교 강성수 1, 김상현 2, 심현석 2, 성덕용 1, 심준범 2, * 1 수성대학교안경광학과, 대구 광주보건대학교안경광학과, 광주 투고일 (2016 년 11 월 17 일 ), 수정일 (2017 년 03 월 08 일 ), 게재확정일 (2017 년 03 월 16 일 ) 목적 : 국내타의료직종의국가면허시험을비교하여현행안경사지필형실기국가고사를임상중심의실기시험으로개선하는지표로삼을수있도록하고자한다. 방법 : 한국보건의료인국가시험원에서시행하는직종별국가시험중임상중심의실기로시행하는의사, 응급구조사, 치과위생사, 치과기공사, 의지 보조기기사등 5 개직종의시험현황및합격률을안경사실기시험과비교하였고, 실기시험도입의효과에대해안경사를상대로설문조사를실시하였다. 결과 : 타의료직종의실기시험합격률은의사 95.05%, 치과위생사 98.3%, 치과기공사 95.05%, 응급구조사 97.55%, 의지 보조기기사는 92.6% 의합격률을나타냈다. 6 개의직군의실기시험평균합격률은 95.37% 로, 최근 4 년간안경사지필형실기시험 71.05% 의평균합격률과많은차이를이루고있으며, 전국안경사설문조사결과임상실기시험의도입효과의가장큰영향은 신입안경사의임상수행능력의향상 으로나타났다. 결론 : 임상중심의실기시험국가고시로제도변화를통하여시생활의다양화에따른안기능개선에보다많은기여를할수있는안경사를배출할수있을것이라사료된다. 주제어 : 안경사, 임상실기시험, 의료기사, 국가면허시험

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