<BDC5B0E6C4A1B7E1C7D0C8B8C1F F32C8A32E687770>
|
|
- 영남 준
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 NEUROTHERAPY 대한신경치료학회지제21권문제강제 2호 골반운동이경직성양하지마비아동의대동작기능에미치는영향 - 증례보고 - 문제강서울특별시어린이병원물리치료실 The Effects of Pelvic Movement on the Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy Children with Spastic Diplegia -A Case Report - Je-Kang Moon PT, Ph.D Department of Physical Therapy, Seoul Metropolitan Children s Hospital Purpose The purpose of this study was to find the effect of pelvic movement on the gross motor function in cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia. Methods The subject of this study was 1 patients cerebral palsy with spastic diplegia who have been treated in Seoul Metropolitan Children s Hospital. Evaluation tool were used GMFM test and compared excel average. For the ten week the subjects were treated 30 minutes per session, two times per week. Results The result of the GMFM before the training showed 58.2% but that of the GMFM after the training increased 76.6%. item of all, it showed the big difference in the B sitting 5%, C crawling & kneeling 38.31%, D standing 28.2%, E walking running & jumping 20.8% item. Conclusions From these result, a pelvic movement training enhanced gross motor function to the cerebral palsy children with spastic dipegia. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate about a pattern movement training related to the increase in the gross motor function. Key Words Pelvic Movement, Cerebral Palsy, Spastic Diplegia, GMFM, Item Corresponding author Je-Kang Moon(tankmoon@seoul.go.kr) Received date 13 April 2017 Revised date 17 May 2017 Accepted date 10 June 2017 I. 서론 경직성양하지마비는미숙아뇌성마비중 81% 를차지하며, 만산아중에는산전원인에기인하는경우가많고, 백질연화 (periventricular leukomalacia; PVL) 가가장흔한병변이다. 1) PVL은바깥쪽뇌실의외각에인접한백질특정부위의괴사를말하며, 이영역은앞뿔과뇌실몸통이연접한특정부위를말한다. PVL은미성숙한신생아및주산기 (perinatal) 때저산소 -혈관수축에의한국소빈혈 (hypoxic-ischaemic) 손상으로백질연화혹은뇌실주위에백질손상 (white matter lesions) 의결과이다. 따라서미숙아의뇌병변은일반적으로하지를조절하는긴신경로에국한되어경직성양하지로나타난다. 2,3,4) 이는하행운동신경로의해부학적위치때문에팔보다는다리의운동장애가더심하며, 목과몸통은저긴장을보이고, 양하지의경직이특징이다. 5) 이와같이신생아의경우는신경학적으로매우미숙한상 doi : 태이므로그운동발달상태도매우미숙한상태에있다. 그러므로뇌성마비아의운동양상이나정상아의운동양상이크게차이가나지않는반면에, 정상아이는점차신경계의발달과더불어정상적인운동발달을하는데비하여, 뇌성마비아는뇌의손상으로인하여이러한정상발달을하지못하게된다. 또한운동양상및자세반응이정상아와다른비정상적인양상을보이는데이는중추신경계로비정상적인감각자극을보내게되며비정상적인감각자극은다시비정상적인운동패턴을낳게되므로중추신경계가점점더비정상적으로작동하게된다. 이러한비정상적인자세와운동양상은관절이나근육의변형과같은근골격계의이상을초래하며, 다시더욱비정상적인운동양상을낳게된다. 6) 특히, 경직성양하지마비아가자세조절능력을향상시키기위해서는체간안정성과근골격계의능력향상이필요하다. 7) 이를위해서는체간근들의조화로운활동이필요한데, 순간적인자세변화와다양한운동속도, 척추에부과되는부하변화에대해안정성을확보하기위해척추앞, 뒤, 측면에있는근육들 골반운동이경직성양하지마비아동의대동작기능에미치는영향 - 증례보고 - 57
2 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(2):57-63 이안정된수축력을생산하고협력수축해야한다. 8) 한편, 경직성뇌성마비아동에대한보행동작의개선을위한신경생리학적접근방법에는 Bobath의신경발달치료, Knott와 Voss의자연스러운운동패턴을이용한고유수용성신경근촉진법, Rood의감각운동치료접근법, Ayers의감각통합치료, Peto의전인교육 (Conductive Education), Fay와 Doman- Delacato의패턴치료등이있다. 9) 이중보바스치료원리는첫번째중화작용 (counteraction) 에는촉진 (facilitation), 억제 (inhibition), 자극 (stimulation), 두번째는변경 (modification) 인핵심조절부 (key point of control) 여기에는등뼈의중간부위와가슴뼈 (sternum) 가매우중요하며, 중심핵심조절부에는근위핵심조절부 ( 어깨, 골반 ) 와원위핵심조절부 ( 손, 발 ) 로분류한다. 그리고세번째는정상운동발달연속화 (normal motor development sequence) 이다. 10) 이중치료사가가장효과적으로보행패턴의조절에영향을미치는곳은중심핵심조절부의골반인데, 골반은허리뼈를통하여몸통을움직이면서동시에엉덩관절동작에도관여하며, 골반은한쌍의엉덩뼈 (iliac bone), 엉치뼈 (sacrum), 엉치엉덩관절 (sacroiliac joint) 및두덩결합 (symphsis pubis) 으로구성된다. 이관절들은대체로움직임이제한되어있으나, 스트레스및긴장상태를전달하기위해약간의회전동작은가능하다. 골반은위로는허리뼈와아래로는엉덩관절사이에위치하며움직임이일어난다. 그러므로골반뿐만아니라골반과연결되어있는신체의근위부및원위부가함께핵심조절부를형성하는것이다. 골반은허리뼈및엉덩관절과함께아래로는기저면으로, 위로는안정성과가동성및체중이동이이루어질수있는힘을전달하는기능적인역할을담당하고있다. 10) 특히, 정상아동은네발자세동작에서전후방, 좌우방향, 그리고대각선전후방향으로움직인다. 이러한정상발달은굽힘과폄이우성이되어교대로혼합되어진다. 또한네발자세에서전방방향으로움직이면굽힘이우성이되며, 후방방향으로움직이면폄이우성이된다. 그리고척행보행동작은네발자세에서양손과양발및무릎을이용하여하지를폄시켰을때하지의무릎과발목관절의체중부하패턴이증가되어진다. 11) 이러한척행보행자세는 7개월때네발자세에서곰-선자세 (bear-standing position) 로밀어올린다. 이자세는어깨관절조절과하지가동성의안정성을요구하며, 오금과장딴지근의기시점과부착점을길어지게한다. 특히, 곰-선자세는긴장이높아동작에문제점이있는아동을치료할때지향하기위한좋은자세이다. 12) 그리고선자세는하지와몸통근들의정상적인동시수축이필요하며, 13) 체중을양쪽하지에균등하게분배시켜선자세와보행시입각기 (stance phase) 때골반과하지의정상적인정렬 (alignment) 이이루어져야한다. 14) 이렇듯대동작기능은신체의큰근육을사용하여움직임을수행하 는것으로누운자세에서구르기, 앉기, 기기와무릎서기, 서기, 걷기와뛰기와같은동작을의미한다. 15) 그러나뇌성마비등신체적장애아동은동작이나가동성에문제를갖고있으며, 가동성은동작기능에의해영향을받는다. 이에운동장애를조정하는목적은자세와운동조절을증진시키고대 소근육운동능력을호전시켜근골격계의합병증을방지하는것이며, 16) 신체좌우의비대칭성을감소시키고보행능력을회복하기위해서는균형적인서기자세를유지할수있어야하고양측하지로체중이동이가능해야한다. 17) 이렇듯정상운동발달단계를갖지못하는뇌성마비아동은이동동작이매우어렵거나, 비정상적패턴동작으로습득하게되는데이것을보다더정상에가까운동작으로만들어주어야한다. 따라서이연구의목적은경직성양하지마비아에게골반운동치료를시켜주어대동작기능에어떠한변화가나타나는지를알아보는데있다. 이에 1명의경직성양하지마비아에게누운자세에서골반들기동작, 네발자세에서골반전 후밀기동작, 척행보행동작 (plantigrade walking), 선자세에서전 후, 좌 우, 보행동작으로운동치료실시후, 대동작기능에미치는영향을알아보고임상치료에대한중요성을인식하는데기초자료로마련하고자한다. II. 증례 1. 연구대상 1) 병력사항 이연구의대상자는경직성양하지마비로진단받고, 2015 년 4 월부터서울특별시어린이병원에서외래물리치료를받고있는 11 세여아이다. 이아동은 39주에출산하였고몸무게는 2.35kg이었다. 출생시 5일간인큐베이터에있었으며, 황달로인해 1일동안산소호흡기를부착하였다. 2011년 1월에하지모음근, 뒤넙다리근, 장딴지근의정형외과적수술을받았다. 2) 발달사항 아동의발달과정은머리가누기, 배밀이와앉기그리고네발기기자세는 7개월가능하였으나 12개월이후보행하면서증가된허리앞굽음과엉덩관절과무릎관절을굴곡시킨움추린자세로까치발을떼며독립보행을하면서잘넘어져, 34개월부터운동치료를시작하였다. 3) 자세긴장도와기능평가 아동의자세긴장도는하지가상지보다심하고, 왼쪽이오른쪽보다심한과긴장상태이다. 몸통의안정성이낮으며원위부의 58 The Effects of Pelvic Movement on the Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy Children with Spastic Diplegia - A Case Report -
3 문제강 긴장도가높다. 그리고현재 11세아동으로대운동기능분류시스템 (gross motor function classification system, GMFCS) 생후 6년이상 12년미만 Ⅱ단계의서기, 선자세유지와독립보행이가능하지만장거리를걸을때어려움을겪을수있고, 평평하지않거나경사진곳, 사람이많거나좁은공간, 물건을들었을때균형을잘잡지못하고, 난간을잡거나난간이없는경우에는신체적보조를받으면계단을수행하는아동이다. 18) 2. 연구절차이연구에서는경직성양하지마비아의능동적누운자세에서골반들기동작, 네발자세에서골반전 후밀기동작, 척행보행동작, 선자세에서전 후, 좌 우, 보행동작으로운동치료가대동작기능에미치는효과를알아보고자전 후의차이를검증하기위한연구방법을설계하였다. 대상아동에게 2016년 12월 19일부터 2017년 3월 6일까지주2회 10주간매회 30분씩골반운동치료를실시하였다. 측정변수로는대동작기능평가 (gross motor function measure; GMFM) 점수를선정하였다. GMFM 질적으로평가하기위해소아물리치료경력 33년의물리치료사 1명이평가하였다. 평가는보호자가동석하고, 아동이운동치료를받던물리치료실에서실시하였으며, 아동은편안한복장으로맨발상태에서평가하였다. 3. 치료방법 2016년 12월 19일부터 2017년 3월 6일까지 10주간주 2회, 매회 30분에걸쳐누운자세에서골반들기, 네발자세에서골반전 후, 좌 우측밀기동작, 척행보행동작, 선자세에서골반전 후, 좌 우측보행동작치료가이루어졌으며, 내용은다음과같다. 1) 누운자세에서골반들기 1 누운자세에서다리를굽힘시켜몸통폄근의신장을통해척추만곡을감소시킨다 (Figure 1). 2 누운자세에서다리를굽힘시킨상태에서몸통은중심선 (midline) 을유지하고엉덩이를위로들어올려골반의후방경사 (posterior tilt) 를증가시키고체간근의발달을촉진시킨다 (Figure 2). 2) 네발자세에서골반전 후밀기동작 1 네발자세에서상하지의비대칭자세로유지하여좌 우측의손과무릎에체중부하를주었고, 전 후방향으로능동적인가동성을시킨다 (Figure 3). 2 네발기기동작을할때흥미를유도하여상하지의좌 우측의분리된가동성및전략적동작을시킨다 (Figure 4). Figure 1. Supine position Figure 2. Pelvic lift on Supine position Figure 3. Four point position on pelvic forward backward Figure 4. Four point position on pelvic from side to side 골반운동이경직성양하지마비아동의대동작기능에미치는영향 - 증례보고 - 59
4 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(2):57-63 Figure 5. Plantigrade walking Figure 6. Plantigrade forward walking Figure 7. standing position on Pelvic forward backward Figure 8. Walking locomotion from side to side 3) 척행보행동작 (plantigrade walking) 1 척행보행선자세를유지시켜상지의어깨관절조절과하지의오금근과장딴지근의근력을강화시켜준다 (Figure 5). 2 척행보행자세에서전방으로기어가기동작을시켜무릎폄과발목관절의체중부하가되도록한다 (Figure 6). 4 두발이교대로걸을때보행동작을촉진시켰으며, 이때상지의과도한굽힘보상작용이일어나지않도록한다 (Figure 8). III. 평가방법 4) 선자세에서골반전 후, 좌 우측보행동작 1 선자세에서엉덩관절과무릎관절이폄되도록하고, 신체정렬을유지하여다리와몸통의균형조절능력을발달시킨다 (Figure 7). 2 하지의전 후방향으로동작을할때지면바닥에서발가락굽힘과벌림근체중지지를통해발과발목관절의가동성을유지시켜준다 (Figure 7). 3 하지의좌 우측으로동작을할때골반의안정성을유지하여중간볼기근, 큰볼기근, 엉덩관절폄근인넙다리곧은근을촉진시킨다 (Figure 7). 1. 평가도구및방법연구대상자의대동작기능을평가하기위해대동작기능평가 (GMFM) 을사용하였다. GMFM은뇌성마비아동들의대동작기능면에서시간경과후변화를평가하기위한도구로써운동기능이나아동이얼마나많은활동을수립할수있는가를평가하기위해설계되었다. 이평가의목적은경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의대동작기능이어느정도인지알아보기위한것으로평가항목은 (A) 눕기와구르기, (B) 앉기, (C) 네발기기와무릎서기, (D) 서기, (E) 걷기, 달리기, 점프하기의 5개영역으로구성되어있고, 총 88문항이다. 각항목에대한점수는 1-3점으로채점하여점수 60 The Effects of Pelvic Movement on the Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy Children with Spastic Diplegia - A Case Report -
5 문제강 Pretreatment Posttreatment A Lying & Rolling B Sitting C Crawling & kneeling D Standing E Walking Running & Jumping Total Score Figure 9. Variation of GMFM pre-treatment and post-treatment 가낮을수록기능수준이낮음을의미한다. GMFM의평가방법은물리치료사가직접아동의수행능력을관찰하여각항목에대한점수를기록한다. GMFM의검사자간신뢰도는 0.99로매우신뢰할만한도구이다. 생후 5개월에서 12세의뇌성마비아동을대상으로대동작기능움직임의질적인면 ) 을평가하기위해고안된도구로시간이경과함에따라변화하는대동작의질적양상이나특성을평가하기위한것이다.1 5) Gowland 등 19) 은뇌성마비아동에게 GMFM을적용하였을때신뢰도가 이라하였고, Boyce 등 20) 은검사자간신뢰도는.76이라하였다. 이연구에서는동작및보행에직접적인연관성이높은 GMFM의평가항목 (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) 영역을이용하여전 후결과를엑셀통계의평균값과표준편차로비교하였다. IV. 결과 1. 골반운동치료전 후대동작기능변화경직성양하지마비아의골반운동치료전 후대동작기능변화 는 GMFM의 A, B, C, D, E 총 5영역중 B 앉기는 95에서 100으로 5% 증가, C 네발기기와무릎서기는 52.3에서 90.4로 38.31% 증가, D 선자세는 25.6에서 53.8로 28.2% 증가, E 걷기, 달리기, 점프하기는 18에서 38.8으로 20.8% 가각각증가하였다. 특히총점에대한평균점수는 58.2에서 76.6으로 18.4% 가증가하여대동작기능이향상되었다 (Table 1), (Figure 9). V. 고찰이연구는체간및골반안정성이부족한경직성양하지마비아의핵심조절 (key point of control) 인골반부위를운동치료시켜주어대동작기능에어떠한변화가나타나는지를알아보고자하였는데, 연구결과 10주간골반운동치료전 후 GMFM 의 A, B, C, D, E 총 5영역중 B 앉기는 5%, C 네발기기와무릎서기는 38.31%, D 선자세는 28.2%, E 걷기, 달리기, 점프하기는 20.8% 등 4영역에서증가되었고, 특히총점에대한 Table 1. Comparison of GMFM pre-treatment and post-treatment (Values= %) Change Values GMFM Dimension Pre-treatment Post-treatment Change Score A. Lying & Rolling B. Sitting C. Crawling & Kneeling D. Standing E. Walking. Running & Jumping Total Average Score 골반운동이경직성양하지마비아동의대동작기능에미치는영향 - 증례보고 - 61
6 NEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2017;21(2):57-63 평균점수는 58.2에서 76.6으로 18.4% 가증가하여대동작기능이향상에기여하는것으로나타났다 (Table 1). 이와같은연구결과로볼때골반운동을이용하여경직성양하지마비아의대동작기능향상에효과가있었다. 이는경직성양하지마비아의패턴화운동치료가 GMFM의 B, C, D, E 영역별점수는각각 2.8%, 15.9%, 10.1%, 2.3% 가증가하였고, 총점 (%) 에대한평균점수는 6.3% 로대동작굽힘패턴과폄패턴이강화되어대동작기능이향상되었다는연구 21) 결과와유사하다. 또문제강 22) 은 GMFM의 A, B, C, D, E 총 5영역중 C, 13.7%, D, 14.57%, E, 10.11% 등 3영역에서만증가되었고, 총점에대한평균점수는 7.99% 로대동작기능향상에효과적이었다는결과와도유사하다. 이렇듯경직성양하지마비아장애는경직이상지보다하지가더심하며, 이로인하여하지의운동성이감소가되어동작이나가동성을가질때상지의어깨관절주위의과도한연합반응으로보상동작이나타난다. 이러한운동장애조절을위해서는네발자세, 척행자세에서운동조절을증진시켜대동작기능을호전시키고협응, 균형, 운동감각, 고유수용성감각, 관절및근육의통합작용이이루어져야한다. 그리고정상적보행을하기위해서는중력에대항하여보다더안정된자세를유지할수있도록자세조절을잘유지시켜주어야정상적인신체정렬상태를유지할수가있다 21) 는것을재확인하였다. 그러나고명건과오태영 23) 은 19명의수용시설뇌성마비아동과가정생활뇌성마비아동의생활형태에따른 GMFM 평가비교연구결과에서 A, B, D, E 4개영역에서는유의한차이가없다고하였다. 이는경직성양하지마비아의습관적병적자세와좋지않은자세유지로시간이많을수록보상작용이초래하며, 9) 조영진과김세주 24) 는소아기뇌의특성인가소성으로인해치료나환경의변화에따라때로예측과일치하지않는운동기능의향상이나저하가오기도한다. 뇌성마비의약 25% 는열심히치료를한다고하여도걸을수는없으며, 75% 이상이뚜렷한장애를갖게된다. 또한 2세이전에앉을수있으면모두독립보행이가능하고, 2세이후에앉으면목발을이용하여보행을할수있다고주장하였다. 이는뇌성마비아동을신속히치료해야하는데병, 의원, 공공의료기관치료기관이부족하고, 뇌성마비아동을치료할수있는전문인력부족으로치료를받기위해장기간대기를해야하기때문에치료시기를놓치는것으로사료된다. 김연화등 25) 의연구에서경직성양하지마비아에게주10회 3 주간앉은자세와선자세에서골반운동이올바른신체정렬이유지되어복근 ( 배곧은근과배바깥빗근 ), 체간폄근, 엉덩관절폄근 ( 큰볼기근과뒤넙다리근 ) 근력을향상시키고, 대동작기능능력을향상시켜보행에큰영향을미친다고하였다. 또한이 동걸 26) 의연구에서도뇌성마비아동에게주2회총6개월동안신경발달치료가 GMFM의 A, B, C, D, E 총 5영역중모두에서대동작기능향상에기여하는것으로나타났다. 그리고장미옥 27) 은 4명의경직성양하지마비아에게주2회 8주동안하체근력강화훈련이대동작기능에현저하게향상시켰다는결과와도유사하다. 이연구를통해서체간 ( 머리, 몸통 ) 의안정성확보와골반근력강화운동을위해서는네발기기, 짚고일어서기, 골반을움직이는것, 엎드린자세에서골반을당기면서일어나는것등여러가지전략이필요하다. 이러한발달학적인행동은신경생리학적인여러가지요소를갖추어야만가능한것으로, 그요소들을살펴보면, 우선자동자세반응으로정상적인근긴장과정상적인상호신경지배, 그리고잘발달된협응운동이있어야하며이것은충분한관절운동범위로이어진다고하였다. 28) 이렇듯자세조절이불안정한경직성양하지뇌성마비아동에게골반운동의장기적치료가자세조절유지가잘되어대동작운동기능과운동수행능력이향상된다는것을알수가있었다. 이연구를진행함에있어제한점은경직성양하지마비아의골반운동치료가치료후의굽힘근과폄근의활동증가여부를측정하지못하였고, 대상자가 1명이기때문에일반화하여해석하는것에는한계가있으며, 뇌성마비아동중경직성양하지마비아동만을대상으로연구하였으므로편마비, 발달지연, 증후군등의다양한유형의운동발달지연아동에서도유사한결과를나타내는지더많은임상연구가필요하다고사료된다. VI. 결론이연구는경직성양하지마비아에게골반운동치료를시켜주어대동작기능변화에어떠한영향을미치는지알아보기위하여실시하였다. 이를위해서울특별시어린이병원외래환자의경직성양하지마비아 1명을대상으로주2회 10주간골반운동을실시하였다. 연구결과 GMFM 치료전합계평균값은 58.2% 에서치료후 76.6% 로증가되어 18.4% 가향상되었다. 특히증가된항목은 B 앉기는 5%, C 네발기기와무릎서기는 38.31%, D 선자세는 28.2%, E 걷기, 달리기, 점프하기는 20.8% 으로증가폭의크게되어대동작기능향상에기여하는것으로나타났다. 이상의결과를보면경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의개별골반운동치료가대동작운동기능향상과운동수행능력이향상된다는것을알수있었다. 따라서골반운동치료가임상및가정에서지속적으로병행되어진다면더욱효과적이라고사료된다. 62 The Effects of Pelvic Movement on the Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy Children with Spastic Diplegia - A Case Report -
7 문제강 References 1. Kim SJ. Cerebral palsy. J of Korean Acad of Rehab. Med. 2000;24(5): Dan B, Bouillot E, Bengoetxea A, et al. Head stability during whole body movement in spastic diplegia. Brain Dev. 2000;22: Yokochi K. Gait pattern in children with spastic diplegia and periventricular leukomalacia. Brain Dev. 2001;23: Mewasingh Leena D, Audrey Demil, Florence JC, et al. Motor strategies in standing up in leukomalacic spastic diplegia. Brain & Development. 2002;24: Tecklin JS. Pediatric physical therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Fourth edition. 2008; Park ES. Health news.1988;22(10): Granata KP, Lee PE, Franklin TC. Co-contraction recruitment and spinal load during isometric trunk flexion and extension. Clin Biomech. 2005;20(10): McGill SM, Grenier S, Kavcic N, et al. Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine. J electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003;13(4): Miller Freeman. Physical therapy of cerebral palsy. Springer Science Business Media, LLC. 2007; Hwang BY. The bobath concept in adult neurology. Seoul Med - media, 2008; Williams CE, Pearson PH. Physical therapy service in the developmental disabilities. 1976;206-8, Lois Bly. Motor skills acquisition in the fist year. Therapy Skill Builders. 1994; Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraction of the muscles associated with movement of the Lower limb, Phys Ther. 1997;77(2): Hwang BY, Kim SW, Kim SH. Immediate changing the foot pressure of hemiplegia after realignment between pelvis and leg, A Pilot Study. J of Korean Bobath Association. 1998;13(2): Russell DJ. Rosenbaum PL, Govoland C, et al. Gross motor performance measure manual. 2nd ed. Hamilton: Gross Motor Measures Group; McMaster University; 2002; Oh TY. The comparison of different of normal development walking and walking characterstics of children with spastic cerebral palsy. The Journal of korean Society of Physical Therapy. 1997;9(1): Bobath B, Bobath K. Motor development in the different types of cerebral palsy. Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd. 1981; Palisano Robert, Rosenbaum Peter, Bartlett Doreen. Canchild centre for childhood disability research, Mcmaster University. 2007; Gowland C, Boyce WF, Wright V, et al. Reliability of the gross motor performance measure. Phys Ther. 1995; 75(7): Boyce WF, Gowland C, Resenbaum PL, et al. The gross motor performance measure: Validity and responsiveness of a measure of quality of movement. Phys Ther. 1955; 75(7): Moon JG, Hwang BY, Hong WS. The effect of pattern movement on the gross motor function in cerebral palsy children with spastic diplegia. A Case Report. J of Korean Bobath Association. 2008;13(2): Moon JK. The effects of utilizing visual feedback on neck movement on trunk muscles activation, balance and gross motor function in the children with spastic diplegia. Department of Physical Therapy Graduate School of Yong In University. Doctorate Thesis. 2011; Ko YG, Oh TY. The difference of gross motor function measure in children with cerebral palsy by life form. The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy. 2009;14(1): Cho, YJ Kim SJ. Study of motor development in cerebral palsy. J of Korea Acad of Rehab. Med. 1991;15(3): Kim YH, Seo HJ, Shin HH. The effect of bobath approach on weight distribution during quiet standing for chid with spastic diplegia. J of Korean Bobath Association. 2005;10(1): Lee DG. The effects of neuro development therapy on gross motor development of cerebral palsy children. Department of Sports Medicine Graduate School of Sports Science Dankook University. Mater Thesis. 2005; Jang MO. The effects of lower trunk strengthening exercise on gross motor functions for children with cerebral palsy. Major in Education for Elementary School Children with special needs Graduate School of Special Dankook University. Mater Thesis. 2008; Connolly BH, Montgomery PC. Therapeutic exercise in developmental disabilities. Library of Congress Catalog Card. 1987;2-15. 골반운동이경직성양하지마비아동의대동작기능에미치는영향 - 증례보고 - 63
139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information한국판대동작기능평가지 K-Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) SCORE SHEET (K-GMFM-88 and K-GMFM-66 scoring) 아동이름 : 등록번호 : 평가일 : 년월일 GMFCS Level 1 생년월일 : 년월일 I II
한국판대동작기능평가지 K-Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) SCORE SHEET (K-GMFM-88 and K-GMFM-66 scoring) 아동이름 : 등록번호 : 평가일 : 년월일 GMFCS Level 1 생년월일 : 년월일 I II III IV V 생활연령 : 세개월평가환경 ( 치료실, 옷차림, 시간, 기타 ) 평가자 :
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More information<333520B1E8C1F8BBF32DC3BCB0A3B1D9B7C220B0ADC8AD20BFEEB5BFC0CC20B3FABCBAB8B6BAF120BEC6B5BF2E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 9 pp. 4098-4106, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.9.4098 최영철 1, 이중호 1, 김진상 2* 1 대구대학교대학원재활과학과, 2 대구대학교재활과학대학물리치료학과 The
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information80%, O'Sullivan (2003), (reposition sense)..(, 2001) Arokoski (2001) 1937 williams,,,,,,. (bridging exercise).,.(stevens, 2007). (lumbar stabilization
1) 스위스볼을적용한교각자세변화에따른체간의근활성도비교 The Comparison of Trunk Muscles Activity During Bridging Stabilization Exercises on Swiss Ball According to Change of Position Sun-tae Son, Min-hye Kim, Hee-jin Kim, Ji-hye
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information제10강: 골관절과 골반대
제 10 강 고관절과골반대 SPORT & LEISURE STUDIES LEE CHAE SAN 엉덩관절의근육개요 작용과관련된다음의일반적인원칙들은엉덩관절의기능적근육군들을위해기술됨 근육의섬유방향이엉덩관절앞쪽에서수직방향으로가로지르면엉덩관절에서골반의앞면을향하여넙다리의앞면이움직임으로써넙다리를굽힘 ( 표준작용 : standard action). 또는넙다리의앞면을향하여골반의앞면이움직임으로써엉덩관절에서골반을앞쪽으로경사지게함
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More informationNEUROTHERAPY 대한신경치료학회지고영건제14, 권오태영제1호 생활형태에따른뇌성마비아동의대동작기능평가비교 고영건, 오태영 1 제주한마음병원물리치료실, 1 신라대학교물리치료학과 The Difference of Gross Motor Function Me
NEUROTHERAPY 2 0 0 9 대한신경치료학회지고영건제14, 권오태영제1호 생활형태에따른뇌성마비아동의대동작기능평가비교 고영건, 오태영 1 제주한마음병원물리치료실, 1 신라대학교물리치료학과 The Difference of Gross Motor Function Measure in Children with Cerebral Palsy by Life Form
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More informationEffects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )
:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationÀå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö
Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More information현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구
한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation
More information* ** *** ****
* ** *** **** - 47 - - 48 - - 49 - - 50 - - 51 - 구분범주빈도 ( 명 ) 비율 (%) 성별연령장애유형장애정도 남자 92 65.71 여자 48 34.28 3~6세 ( 학령전기 ) 70 50.00 7~10세 ( 학령기 ) 70 50.00 자폐성장애 53 37.85 지적장애 71 50.71 기타 16 11.42 경미한정도 31
More information(01) hwp
Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More informationKinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc
Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More information72 순천향의과학 : 제14권 2호 2008 Fig.1. Key components of the rehabilitation evaluation of patients with the rheumatic diseases. The ICF provides a good frame
Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science 14(2) p.71~82 December 2008 71 류마티스 관절염의 재활치료 오 기 영 순천향 대학교 의과대학 재활의학교실 Rehabilitation Interventions for the Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Ki-Young Oh Department
More information스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd
https simtk.org,, sanghyuk0620@kspo.or.kr.... 48 SPORT SCIENCE . 33 55% 1 2 Iwamoto and Takeda 2003 3 1 3.......?... 4 SPORT SCIENCE 1. 2 3 12 16 3 6.. 5 strain gauge. 1970. 6 1) Brukner, P., Bradshaw,
More informationNEUROTHERAPY 2009;14(1):23-34 측정한 신뢰도와 타당도는 높은 편이지만 어느 정도 운동수준 (motor status)을 나타내는 연령이어야 하며 특히 뮌헨 기능 발달 검사는 큰운동발달, 작은운동발달, 지각발달, 수용언어발 달, 표현언어발달, 사회성
2 0 0 9 NEUROTHERAPY 김미선, 서정희, 대한신경치료학회지 제14권이혜진 제1호 알버타 영아 운동 척도(Alberta Infant Motor Scale)의 측정자간 신뢰도 김미선, 서정희,1 이혜진1 서울순천향대학교병원 재활의학과, 1삼성서울병원 재활의학과 Interrater Reliability of Alberta Infant Motor Scale
More informationAnalysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:
More information<32385FC0CCBFF8C8D62DB1B8B5CE20B1C1C0C720B3F4C0CCB0A120C7D1B4D9B8AE20BCADB1E22E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 3 pp. 224-230, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.3.224 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 구두굽의높이가한다리서기자세에서배곧은근, 척추세움근,
More informationApparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:
More information00표지
09 2007 09 Vol.377 www.corrections.go.kr 004 006 004 010 032 011 022 032 036 038 041 042 044 046 050 COVER STORY 034 163 063 072 075 080 130 140 141 144 146 150 183 184 180 Monthly Correctional Review
More information< F31C8A35FB9B0B8AEC4A1B7E1C7D0C8B8C1F62832B1B3292E687770>
뇌성마비아동운동발달예후지표로대동작기능분류법활용에관한연구 송진엽, 최진숙 The Journal Korean Society of Physical Therapy 송진엽, 최진숙 가톨릭대학교의정부성모병원재활의학팀 The Usability Study for Gross Motor Function Classification System as Motor Development
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More informationThe characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo
The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil
More information특수교육논총 * ,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. **
특수교육논총 *. 257..,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. ** (eun67@dankook.ac.kr) .,,,,,,,,,, (,, 2014)., (,, 2007)....,,,, (,, 2014).. (2003)...,,, (Baron-Cohen, O Riordan, Stone, Jone, & Plaisted, 1999; Hobson,
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More informationJKPT The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Won-Hwee Lee, et al. 다리꼬기자세에대한연구들은주로체간의근활성도나척추의정렬과관련되어설명을하고있다. 6,14,15 Jung 6 과 Kim 등 15 은다리꼬기자세가체간의미치는영향들
JKPT pissn Vol. 27, No. 5, October 2015 1229-0475 eissn 2287-156X Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2015.27.5.315 Effect of Various Leg-Crossing Positions on Muscle Activities of Rectus
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More information04김호걸(39~50)ok
Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 22, No. 1(2013) pp.39~50 Prediction of Landslides Occurrence Probability under Climate Change using MaxEnt Model Kim, Hogul* Lee, Dong-Kun** Mo, Yongwon*
More information대한물리의학회지제7권제3 호, 2012년 8월 Vol.7, No.3, August p.339~348 1) 경직성양쪽다리뇌성마비의무릎관절형태와보행기종류에따른근활성도비교 안소윤 부산가톨릭대학교물리치료학과 Comparison of Muscle Activations
대한물리의학회지제7권제3 호, 2012년 8월 Vol.7, No.3, August 2012. p.339~348 1) 경직성양쪽다리뇌성마비의무릎관절형태와보행기종류에따른근활성도비교 안소윤 부산가톨릭대학교물리치료학과 Comparison of Muscle Activations on Knee Joint Forms and Walker Types in Cerebral Palsy
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,
More information<5B313132385D32303039B3E220C1A634B1C720C1A632C8A320B3EDB9AEC1F628C3D6C1BE292E687770>
디지털 영상에서의 자막추출을 이용한 자막 특성 분석에 관한 연구 이세열 * 요약 본 연구는 방송 프로그램 제작에 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 영상 자막의 특성과 영상 커 뮤니케이션 기능적인 관점에서 나타나고 있는 현상을 살펴본다. 다양한 방송 프로그램에서 활용되고 있는 디지털 영상 자막의 기능은 단순하게 간략한 정보를 전달하는 기능적인 역할을 수행하였다.
More information제13강: 척추와 갈비우리의 개요 2
제 13 강 척추와갈비우리 2 SPORT & LEISURE STUDIES LEE CHAE SAN 반가시근, 뭇갈래근, 돌림근의위치 가로돌기가시근육群 (transversospinalis) 은깊고, 가로돌기와가시돌기사이의척수곁고랑 (laminar groove) 을채우는근육덩어리 가로돌기가시근육群은세가지하위군 (sub group) 으로나뉠수있는데, 표층에서부터심층순으로가시근
More informationMicrosoft PowerPoint - evaluation(창원대)
Evaluation 헤렌휘트니스파크한경진 ATC Contents 1. Shoulder 2. Elbow 3. Knee 4. Ankle 1 Shoulder Neer Hawkin s Empty can Speed O brien Shoulder anatomy 2 Neer Test Hawkin s test 3 Empty can test Speed Test 4 O Brien
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More informationJ Korean Soc Phys Ther Vol. 24, No. 5, October, 2012 pissn eissn X The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy Original Articl
J Korean Soc Phys Ther Vol. 24, No. 5, October, 2012 pissn 1229-0475 eissn 2287-156X The Journal of Korean Society of Physical Therapy Original Article 교각운동시복부넣기가큰볼기근과척추세움근의활성도에미치는영향 고은경 1, 장진호 2, 정도영
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More informationStudy on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social
More information<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>
주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율
More informationⅢ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅰ α < < < < < χ χ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅰ Bagozzi, R., & Dholakia, U. (2002). Intentional Social Action in Virtual Communities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(2), 2-21. Borkovec, T. D. (1976).
More information27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :
27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,
More informationNEUROTHERAPY NEUROTHERAPY 2018;22(3):11-18 뇌성마비에게두려움을증가시켜비정상적인근긴장도와조절되지않는반사의출현을야기하고변형, 통증등뇌성마비의상태를악화시킬수있는위험이있다. 5),6),12) 슬링운동은근력강화와균형능력향상에탁월한중재방법이지만뇌
NEUROTHERAPY 2 0 1 8 대한신경치료학회지제22권이은주제3호 보바스개념에기초한슬링운동이양하지뇌성마비균형에미치는영향 : 단일사례연구 이은주경성대학교이과대학물리치료학과 The Effects of Sling Exercise Based with Bobath Concept on the Balance of Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy:
More informationNEUROTHERAPY 이대희대한신경치료학회지, 이상용, 박정서제20, 권한슬기제3호 슬링을이용한교각운동시엉덩관절벌림 - 모음과슬링의높이가배가로근, 배곧은근, 척추세움근의근활성도에미치는영향 이대희 1, 이상용 1, 박정서 2, 한슬기 *1 1 U1 대학교
NEUROTHERAPY 2 0 1 6 이대희대한신경치료학회지, 이상용, 박정서제20, 권한슬기제3호 슬링을이용한교각운동시엉덩관절벌림 - 모음과슬링의높이가배가로근, 배곧은근, 척추세움근의근활성도에미치는영향 이대희 1, 이상용 1, 박정서 2, 한슬기 *1 1 U1 대학교물리치료학과 2 대전과학기술대학교물리치료과 The Effect of Height of Hip
More information., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,
* 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,
More informationuntitled
Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.269-293 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.269 : A Study on the Actual Condition of Character Education in Early Childhood
More informationYECENAKEUEYG.hwp
대한물리의학회지제6권제2 호, 2011년 5월 Vol.6, No.2, May 2011. p.189~197 1) 체간근력강화운동에의한경직성양하지뇌성마비아동의대단위운동및균형능력변화 : 단일그룹반복측정연구 이은정 김종순 울산광역시장애인종합복지관, 1 부산가톨릭대학교보건과학대학물리치료학과 1 The Changes of Gross Motor Function and Balance
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationV V V α Azam, M. Z. M. & Park, Dong-Ho (2012). The relationship between Digit Ratio(2D:4D) and Physical Fitness in Children. Journal of Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 19(1), 101-110.
More informationuntitled
Clinical Article The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2012;30(2):116-122 http://dx.doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2012.30.2.116 경직형뇌성마비아동에서수중운동프로그램과지상운동프로그램이운동기능과균형에미치는영향비교 삼성서울병원재활의학과 1, 삼육대학교물리치료학과 2 강성훈 1 ㆍ배영현
More information