untitled
|
|
- 태겨 흥
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 1 호 Vol. 26, No. 1, May 2010 하지정맥류환자에서정맥내레이저치료법과전통적인수술방법의수술후합병증비교 서울대학교보라매병원외과 1, 서울대학교의과대학외과학교실 2 정인목 1,2 ㆍ오은미 1,2 ㆍ정중기 1,2 Comparative Study of Postoperative Complications of High Ligation and Stripping with Endovenous Laser Treatment for Varicose Veins In Mok Jung, M.D. 1,2, Eun Mee Oh, M.D. 1,2 and Jung Kee Chung, M.D. 1,2 Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital 1, Seoul National University College of Medicine 2, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) has been performed as a minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgery for saphenous vein incompetence. It is thought to minimize postoperative complications and improve the quality of life compared with high ligation and stripping. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the postoperative complications and quality of life of EVLT with high ligation and stripping (HS). Methods: A total of 294 patients with 390 saphenous veins were included in this study. Patients with saphenous vein incompetence were treated with either HS (n=98; ) or EVLT (n=196; ). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3 months, postoperatively. Postoperative complications, the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Symptom Severity Score (AVSS) were compared between the two groups. Results: The total postoperative complication rate was 31.62%, in HS and 27.47% in the s. Most of the complications were minor and self-limited. There were no statistical differences in the total complication rate and the occurrence of complications such as hematoma, paresthesia and phlebitis. Pain was less severe following EVLT compared to HS. The EVLT patients were discharged and resumed their normal activity earlier than the HS patients. The two groups had similar improvement of the VCSS and AVSS at 1 and 3 months, postoperatively. Conclusion: With the similar, comparable short-term safety outcome, both HS and EVLT may be considered as safe procedures for the treatment of varicose veins. Long-term, large population-based randomized studies with promising data for the improvement of quality of life scores will be needed for the evaluation of EVLT before it becomes a standard treatment for saphenous vein incompetence. Key Words: High ligation and stripping, Endovenous laser treatment, Complication, Quality of life, Index, Varicose vein 중심단어 : 고위결찰술및발거술, 정맥내레이저치료법, 합병증, 삶의질, 지표, 하지정맥류 접수일 : 2010 년 4 월 8 일, 수정일 (1 차 : 2010 년 4 월 22 일, 2 차 : 2010 년 4 월 30 일 ), 승인일 : 2010 년 5 월 3 일책임저자 : 정인목, 서울시동작구신대방 2 동보라매길 , 서울대학교보라매병원외과 Tel: , Fax: imjung@brm.co.kr, sb5240@paran.com 본연구는 2010 년서울대학교보라매병원임상연구비의지원으로이루어진것임. 서론복재정맥역류를동반하는하지정맥류의치료로전통적으로시행되고있는고위결찰술및발거술 (high ligation and stripping, HS) 은수술후통증, 회복기간의지연및 36
2 In Mok Jung, et al:comparative Study of Postoperative Complications of HS with EVLT 37 수술부위감염, 혈종, 신경손상등합병증발생이문제가되어왔다 (1). 이를최소화시키기위해최근외과에서활발히시행되고있는최소침습수술 (minimally invasive surgery) 의개념이하지정맥류치료에도입되었다. 여기에는하지정맥류의치료에도입되어경화제를이용한화학적복재정맥폐색술 (chemical ablation) 과열을이용한열복재정맥폐색술 (thermal ablation) 이있으며후자의경우열전달매개체에따라고주파열응고요법 (radiofrequency ablation, RFA) 과정맥내레이저치료법 (endovenous laser treatment, EVLT) 가도입되어국내에서도보편적으로널리이용되고있다. EVLT는레이저에의해발생된열에의해발생된증기수포가혈액의구성요소와혈관내막을가열하여균일하게내강을폐쇄하는혈관내조작기법으로 (2), 중, 단기적으로우수한결과를보이며 HS를시행한경우보다삶의질에서우수한결과를보고하고있다 (3). 그러나혈종 ( 반상출혈 ), 통증, 신경의손상, 피부화상, 심부정맥혈전증, 폐색전증등의합병증이발생할수있으며 (4-6) 국내에서도이를포함하여이상감각, 경결 (induration). 정맥염등의합병증이저자들의경험을포함하여 (7-9) 보고된바있으나동기간동안 EVLT를시행한군과 HS를시행한군에대하여합병증의비교에대한연구결과는거의없는실정이다. 저자들은본원에서동기간동안 EVLT와 HS수술을시행한군의수술후합병증과임상적질지표를비교, 분석하여향후치료지침에활용하고자본연구를시행하였다. 방법 2006년 1월부터 2009년 6월까지보라매병원외과에입원하여복재정맥역류를동반한하지정맥류로 EVLT 혹은 HS를시행받은수술받은 294명의환자를대상으로하였다. 원발성질환으로도플러초음파에서복재정맥역류가확진된환자를대상으로하였으며, 첫번째수술이고복재정맥폐색수술로 EVLT 혹은 HS를시행받은환자들이포함되었다. 기존의복재정맥수술을받은과거력이있거나복재정맥역류없이관통정맥부전만에의한국소적하지정맥류및각기다른다리에동시에 EVLT와 HS가시행된예는본연구대상에서제외하였다. 기본적인복재정맥폐색술로 HS (HS군, n=98, 117 복재정맥 ) 혹은 EVLT (EVLT군, n=196, 273 복재정맥 ) 가시행되었다. EVLT는종창마취 (n=86, 44.9%) 혹은척추마취 (n=110, 55.1%) 하에시행되었으며후자인경우는광범위한동시추가시술이필요할경우나환자가원하는경우에선택되어시행하였다. 사용된종창성국소마취제는 250 ml 생리식염수에 1% lidocaine 60 ml와 8.4% sodium bicarbonate 6 ml를혼합하여준비하였다. 도입시기에따라 810 nm (n=120, 61.2%), 1,320 nm (n=76, 38.8%) 파장의레이저가순차적으로사용되었다. HS는대부분척수마취하에대복재정맥일경우는무릎내측, 소복재정맥일경우는하부다리의하부 2/3까지발거술을하는것을원칙으로하였다. 이중대복재정맥류 3예에서육안적으로심하게확장된무릎하복재정맥이관찰되고그부위복재정맥역류가동반되어발목부위까지발거술을시행하였다. 분지성정맥류의치료가필요할경우에는보행성정맥절제술 (ambulatory phlebectomy), 관통정맥결찰술 (perforating vein ligation) 및혈관경화요법 (sclerotherapy) 이선택적으로사용되었다. 치료전대상환자전부병력청취와시진, Trendelenberg 검사법등이학적검사및수술전도플러초음파검사를시행하여대복재정맥, 소복재정맥과문합부역류여부, 심부정맥의폐색여부및관통정맥기능부전여부를관찰하였다. 환자들의자료를의무기록, 외래방문및전화상담을통하여후향적으로분석하였다. 각군간의임상적특성비교를위해연령, 성별, 가족력, 수술전관찰한 CEAP분류, 수술후재원기간, 심부정맥역류동반유무, 수술부위및수술복재정맥을비교, 분석하였다. 평균연령은 53.22±12.73세, 남녀비는 1:1.24로여자가많았고 CEAP분류에서 C1, C2 병변이 89.4% 로대부분을차지하였다. 가족력이있는경우가 26.9% 였으며, 시행다리는좌측이우측에비해약간많았으며양측시행은 25.9% 에서있었다. 대복재정맥이 78.6%, 소복재정맥이 13.3%, 동시에치료한경우가 8.2% 로분포되었다 (Table 1). 수술후 1개월, 3개월, 6개월외래방문기록을토대로각군간의합병증및임상적질지표등에대한비교분석을시행하였다. 합병증의비교는수술 3개월이내수술과연관되어발생했던경우를포함시켰으며, Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee 의가이드라인 (10) 에따라서분류, 비교하였다. 이분류에의하면경증합병증 (minor complication) 과중증합병증 (major complication) 으로먼저합병증을분류하였다. 경증합병증은 A, B로분류하여 A의경우추후장애가남지않고치료도필요하지않은합병증, B의경우아주경미한치료를요하며하루정도의경과관찰을위한입원을요할수있지만장애가남지않는합병증으로분류되었다. 중증합병증은 C, D, E로분류하여 C는치료를요하며 48시간이내의입원기간을요하는합병증, D는주요치료를요하며 48시간이상의입원기간을요하는합병증, E의경우영구장애가남는합병증으로분류하였으며 F는환자의사망을초래하는합병증으로분류하였다. 증상호전및임상적질지표는 Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) 및 Aberdeen Varicose Vein Symptom Severity
3 38 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 1 호 2010 Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients (n=294) Mean age±sd (range), y 53.22±12.73 (16 83) Sex (M:F) 1:1.24 Familial history, n (%) 79 (26.9) Clinical presentation (CEAP), n (%) C1 18 (6.1) C2 245 (83.3) C3 20 (6.8) C4,5 11 (3.7) Operation site, n (%) Right 105 (35.7) Left 113 (38.4) Both 76 (25.9) Saphenous vein operation, n (%) GSV 231 (78.6) SSV 39 (13.3) GSV+SSV 24 (8.2) Operative procedure, n (%) HS 98 (33.3) EVLT 196 (66.7) SD = standard deviation; HS = high ligation and stripping; EVLT = endovenous laser treatment; GSV = great saphenous vein; SSV = small saphenous vein. Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics between HS and s (n=98) (n=196) Mean age±sd (range), y 55.22± ±12.86 Sex (M:F)* 1:0.72 1:1.65 Familial history, n (%) 25 (25.51) 54 (27.55) Clinical presentation (C2) 84 (85.71) 160 (81.63) Deep vein reflux, n (%) 32 (32.65) 62 (31.63) Site of operation, n (%)* Right 47 (47.96) 58 (29.59) Left 38 (38.78) 75 (38.27) Both 13 (13.27) 63 (32.14) Saphenous vein operation, n (%) GSV 80 (80.63) 151 (76.26) SSV 12 (12.24) 27 (13.78) GSV+SSV 6 (6.12) 18 (9.18) Mean postoperative admission 2.05± ±1.23 periods, d* HS = high ligation and stripping; EVLT = endovenous laser treatment; SD = standard deviation; GSV = great saphenous vein; SSV = small saphenous vein. *P<0.05. Score (AVSS) 를이용하였다 (11,12). 재발및치료된복재정맥의재관통 (recanlization) 유무는장기추적자료가필요할것으로사료되어본연구의비교지표로분석하지않았다. 통계분석은 SPSS (version 15.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 를이용하였다. 각군사이의빈도및평균값의비교분석결과의도출을위하여 One way ANOVA test, Chi-square test가사용되었으며 P값이 0.05 미만인경우통계학적으로의미있는것으로판정하였다. 결과 1) 각군간의임상적특성비교 (Table 2) HS군과 EVLT군의임상적인특성을비교하여보았을때평균연령은각각 55.22±12.29, 52.22±12.86세로 HS군에서적은경향을보였으나통계적으로유의한차이가없었다. 본원에서는대상환자모두입원치료를원칙으로하였으며수술후퇴원까지의환자들의평균재원기간에있어서는 HS군, EVLT군각각 2.05일, 0.57일로 HS 군이통계적으로유의하게더오래입원하는경향을보였다. EVLT군은대부분당일퇴원하거나광범위한분지정맥류수술, 양측성의일부예및환자가원하는경우다음날퇴원이시행되었다. 성별에따라서보았을때 HS군은남성대여성의비율이 1:0.72, EVLT군의경우 1:1.65로각각관찰되어여성의경우전통적인수술기법보다수술창상이더적게남는 EVLT를선호하는경향이있음을알수있었다. 가족력, 수술전관찰한 CEAP분류및대퇴정맥등심부정맥역류동반빈도는두군간의차이가없었다. 또한, 각군간수술이시행된복재정맥의빈도는유의한차이가없었으나양측성정맥류의경우복재정맥을동시에수술한경우가 EVLT군에서많았다. 그이유는양측성정맥류시 EVLT와달리 HS군은수술후회복기간을우려하여심한측을먼저시행하거나시기를두어수술하는것을담당의가권장하거나환자가원한이유에기인한다하겠다. 2) 수술후합병증에관한분석 (Table 3) 대상환자의평균추적기간은각각 HS군 3.56±2.88 월, EVLT군은 3.87±2.01월이었다. 수술한전체 390 복재정맥에서수술후합병증은 112 (28.71%) 예에서나타났으며, HS 군에서 37예 (31.62%), EVLT군에서 75예 (27.47%) 의환자가경미한합병증을포함한수술후합병증을경험한것으로분석되었으며두군간의통계적으로유의한빈도차이는없었다. 방법에서언급한 Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee의가이드라인에의하여합병증을경증합병증과중증합병증으로분류한결과전체합병증중대부분경증합병증
4 In Mok Jung, et al:comparative Study of Postoperative Complications of HS with EVLT 39 Table 3. Comparison of postoperative complications between HS and s Table 4. Comparison of clinical improvement following HS and s (n=117 SV) (n=273 SV) (n=61) (n=130) Hematoma (Minor A) Induration (Minor A)* 2 6 Pain (Minor A, B)* 7 9 Paresthesia (Minor A, B) 6 14 Paresthesia (Major C) 2 3 Phlebitis (Minor A, B) 1 3 Phlebitis (Major C) 1 2 Nerve injury (Major D) 1 1 Total (Events/Saphenous veins, %) 37/117 75/273 (31.62) (27.47) HS = high ligation and stripping; EVLT = endovenous laser treatment; SV = saphenous vein. *P<0.05. 에해당하였다 (HS군: 89.19%; EVLT군 : 92.00%). 경증합병증중에서가장흔한합병증은수술후 3 3 cm 이상의크기로 5 7일이상지속된경우로정의한혈종이었으며 HS군에서 17예 (14.53%), EVLT군에서 37예 (13.53%) 에서각각발생하였다. 경결은 EVLT 기전이정맥내강혈전형성임을고려할때예측한대로 EVLT군에서높게나타났으며이상감각, 정맥염등은두군간에발생빈도에서유의한차이가없었다. 통증은 EVLT군에서 9 예 (3.30%) 로 HS군의 7예 (5.98%) 보다통계적으로유의하게낮게발생하였다. 중증합병증은전체대상복재정맥에서 EVLT군이 6예 (2.20%), HS군이 4예 (3.42%) 에서나타났으며 EVLT군에서는복재신경이나장딴지신경 (sural nerve) 감각저하로인한심한이상감각으로인한중증합병증 (C) 이대복재정맥 1예, 소복재정맥 EVLT 시 2예, 총 3예에서있었고반복적인정맥염으로인한입원치료와화상치료를받은 2예가포함되었다. 1예에서는소복재정맥 EVLT 시동시에시행한고위결찰술과정에서의온종아리신경 (common peroneal nerve) 의압박손상으로바닥쪽굽힘 (plantar flexion) 의장애가있던 D형중증합병증이 1예있었으며 10개월간의물리치료등보존적요법으로회복되었다. HS군에서는각각대복재정맥, 소복재정맥 HS후복재신경과장딴지신경과관계되어입원연장을시행한 2예와정맥염으로항생제치료를 2주일시행한 1예가있었다. 또한, 대복재정맥발거술을발목부위까지시행하였던 1예에서근육내혈종으로인한구획증후군 (compartment syndrome) 이발생하여족하수 (foot drop) 와뒤굽힘 (dorsiflexion) 장애가있었던 1예가있었으며 6개월간의보존적치료로운동능력이회복되었다. 두군간의중증합병증의전체및각각합병증의빈도 VCSS (preop.)* 2.88± ±1.88 VCSS (postop. 1 mo)* 0.92± ±0.66 VCSS (postop. 3 mo)* 0.31± ±0.28 HS = high ligation and stripping; EVLT = endovenous laser treatment; VCSS = venous clinical severity score. *P>0.05. Table 5. Comparison of improvement in quality of life following HS and s (n=61) (n=130) AVSS (preop.)* 22.28± ±7.33 AVSS (postop. 1 mo)* 10.69± ±6.20 AVSS (postop. 3 mo)* 5.68± ±4.11 HS = high ligation and stripping; EVLT = endovenous laser treatment; AVSS = aberdeen varicose vein symptom severity score. *P>0.05. 의통계적으로유의한차이는발견되지않았다. 3) 임상질지표분석 대상환자중증상호전지표인 VCSS, 임상적질지표인 AVSS의분석이수술전과 1, 3개월후 HS군에서 61명 (62.24%), EVLT군에서 130명 (66.33%) 에서가능하였다. 수술 6개월후분석은대상기간초기대부분추적기간이짧은이유로대상환자수가적어분석이불가능하였다. VCSS는 HS군및 EVLT군에서각각수술전 2.88±1.65, 3.01±1.88, 수술 1개월후 0.92±0.71, 0.89±0.66 및수술 3 개월후 0.31±0.24, 0.32±0.28로분석되었고두군간의통계적으로유의한차이는없었다 (Table 4). AVSS는 HS군및 EVLT군에서각각수술전 22.28±8.08, 20.89±7.33, 수술 1개월후 10.69±6.97, 9.81±6.20 및수술 3개월후 5.68±3.84, 5.49±4.11로분석되었고두군간의통계적으로유의한차이는없었다. AVSS 항목중에서 HS군은통증등의증상의호전이, EVLT군에서는육안적소견과미용, 일상생활에서의호전이수술후다른항목보다분명한경향을보였다 (Table 5). 고 최근 10 년간복재정맥역류를동반한하지정맥류의 찰
5 40 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 1 호 2010 치료로최소침습적수술인 RFA, EVLT, 포말경화요법 (foam sclerotherapy) 등이도입되어보편적으로활발히사용되고있으며이치료법들은최소침습적수술의장점외에전통적인표준치료인 HS와동등한중, 단기결과로안정성과효용성이인정되고있다 (13-15). EVLT는혈액의구성요소와혈관내막을가열하여증기수포를발생하여균일하게내강을폐쇄하는혈관내조작기법으로 2001년부터임상적으로이용되었으며 2002 년도에미국식품의약국 (Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 에서대복재정맥하지정맥류의치료로, 2004년에는소복재정맥을포함한기타의하지정맥류치료에공인되었다. 임상적으로적용되는파장인 810 nm, 940 nm, 980 nm, 1,320 nm 중에서도 1,320 nm의파장의경우혈액내수분에흡수되어보다신속한흡수및적은에너지로혈관의내막손상을유발하여정맥벽의천공을더적게일으키고주변의구조의손상을최소화할수있다는장점으로저자들에의하여적은합병증이보고된바있으며 (7), 최근에는 1,470 nm 다이아오드레이저에의한결과가발표되고있다 (16). EVLT는복재정맥폐색및질환관련한삶의질향상에있어서전향적, 무작위연구에서 HS와비슷한성적을보이나수술에비하여혈종 ( 반상출혈 ), 통증등이적고조기에정상적인생활이가능하다는장점이있으며 (17-21) 치료반흔을남기지않는미용적인이점으로현재표준치료로서의가능성이대두되고있다. 위의무작위대조연구를포함한다수의논문들을종합하여분석한 Darwood와 Gough(22) 의최근보고에서는 EVLT가단기간의우수한효과가입증되었으나장기연구결과가필요하다고결론지었다. 저자들도전향적, 무작위대조연구를계획하였으나현실적으로무작위연구의상당한어려움이있어후향적연구로대신하였으며수술후정기적인초음파시행률이낮고기준이애매한이유로복재정맥폐색률이나재발에대한비교는분석하지않았다. 무작위연구가어려운이유는첫째, 환자의뒤틀림 (bias) 으로언론등홍보매체에서이미 EVLT의간편성과미용적효과가너무부각되어무작위선택대상을찾기가어려웠으며, 둘째는시행의사들의환자의발현양상에따른선호도를완전배제할수없었기때문이다. 마지막으로는 EVLT가보편화된국내실정에서무작위연구를이해하지못하는경우가너무많은이유였으며저자들은향후 EVLT와 RFA의전향적연구를계획하고있다. 본연구에서 EVLT군과 HS군간의임상적특성에서는성별을제외하고는유의한차이가없었으며이차이는여성에서창상을최소화하는 EVLT의미용적인면을선호하는데있겠다. EVLT 치료후합병증은 Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee의가이드라인에따라서 분류해보았을때주로반상출혈 ( 혈종 ), 통증, 피부화상, 이상감각, 표재성정맥염등의경증합병증 A, B의합병증이많았으며심부정맥혈전증및신경손상과같은중증 C, D, E의심각한합병증은심부정맥혈전증의경우 0 6%, 신경손상의경우 1% 미만으로최근의종합, 분석연구에서보고 (4) 된바있으나보고에따라경증합병증의발생은상당한차이를보였다. 국내에서는하지정맥류의치료후합병증의최근보고에대한문제점은명확한기준없이주관적인분류가주를이루고있으며의무기록에의한후향적인보고가대부분이고특히최신기술인 EVLT에관하여는본연구와같이객관적기준에의한경증합병증을포함되지않아합병증발생률이낮게보고되고있다 (23,24). 저자들은기존에 EVLT 와동시에대부분보행성정맥절제술을이용하여하지정맥류를치료한후혈종 ( 반상출혈 ), 이상감각, 경결형성, 통증등의자세한합병증발현을보고한바있다 (2,7-9). 국내에서는현재까지동기간에 EVLT와 HS를시행한환자에대한합병증의비교분석연구는 Yang 등 (23) 를제외하고없는실정이며본연구와같은정확한분류에의한자세한합병증의발현을객관적으로보고한논문은없어서본연구를진행하였다. 본연구의결과도대부분이경증합병증이었으며혈종이수술후가장많이나타나는합병증임을알수있었다. 혈종의명확한기준은기존의보고 (4-6) 에서도명확하지가않으며저자들은 3 3 cm 이상의 5 7일이상지속되는경우로정의하였으나거의대부분 1개월이내에소실되어큰의미가없으므로경증합병증에도포함시키지않는것을고려할수도있겠다. 이상감각과정맥염은일부발생되었으며이는 HS 시세밀한박리와역전발거술 (inversion stripping) 을이용하고 EVLT 시에는복재정맥주위와피부와의사이에종창마취액 (tumescent anesthetic agent) 을충분히주입함으로써발생률을낮출수있다고생각된다. 수술후통증은경과관찰과단기간의소염, 진통제의처치로모두호전되었으며 EVLT군에서유의하게낮은발생률을보여일부무작위연구결과 (17-21) 와일치하는소견을보였다. 중증합병증은 HS군 4예 (3.42%), EVLT군 6예 (2.20%) 에서발생하였다. 심부정맥혈전증의발생은없었으나각군의일부경우에서 48시간이내의입원치료가시행된이상감각과반복적인정맥염으로인한항생제치료와화상치료를받은경우가포함되었다. EVLT, HS군에서각각 1예씩발생한운동신경손상은 HS 시행과정에의불충분한지혈과과도한압박붕대의착용으로기인한구획증후군, 소복재정맥 EVLT 과정에서동시에시행한고위결찰술시최소절개를통한정맥박리과정에서의신경손상으로각각발생하였다. 두경우모두수술시세밀한주의와수술후면밀한관리로충분히예방할수있었다고사료된다.
6 In Mok Jung, et al:comparative Study of Postoperative Complications of HS with EVLT 41 본연구에서증상의호전정도와임상적질지표의분석은각각 VCSS 및 AVSS를이용하여비교하였다. Mekako 등 (3) 은 EVLT와 HS를시행한환자군간의임상적질지표를비교하였을때, 시술후 1주, 6주후삶의질점수가 EVLT군이더높은점수를보이나 12주후가되면차이가없음을보고하였다. 저자들은 2007년부터 VCSS와 AVSS를수술전후문진및이학적검사및번역한설문조사를이용하여분석하였다. 대상환자의일부는데이터를얻을수없었으나분석이가능한환자를대상으로한수술전후두군지표간의통계적으로유의한차이는없었다. 그러나, 수술후재원기간은 HS, EVLT군각각 2.05 일및 0.57일로 EVLT군에서통계적으로유의한재원기간의감소를보였으며정확한데이터는없으나일상생활로의조기복귀가더빠른경향을보였다. 그러나, 비용대비효과 (cost-effectiveness) 는 Darwood와 Gough(22) 의분석에의하면 EVLT의우수성을지지하는보고는없으며물론, 국내에서도비보험수술로서의고비용수술의한계가있겠다. 그러므로, 장기적인무작위비교연구뿐아니라환자의선호에따라선택된현재의관행에서벗어나다른객관적인지표로 EVLT의우수성을증명하려는노력이필요하다하겠다. 요약하면, HS군과 EVLT군간의수술후합병증을비교해보면대부분경증이었으며 EVLT군에서통증이적게발생되는것으로분석되었고다른경증합병증이나중증합병증의빈도차이는없었다. 아울러삶의질지표에서는큰차이가없어두수술법의안정성이증명되었다. EVLT군에서수술후재원기간이짧고및창상감소에따른미용적인장점이있으나후자의경우에는객관적인점수화를통한비교연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결론동기간복재정맥역류를동반한하지정맥류치료로 HS 및 EVLT를시행한군간모두 Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee의가이드라인에의하여정의된경증합병증이대부분으로안정성이입증되었다. EVLT군에서통증의발생이유의하게적게분석되었고두군간증상호전및임상질지표는유의한차이가없었다. EVLT군에서수술후재원기간이짧고및창상감소에따른미용적인장점이있으나후자의경우에는객관적인점수화를통한비교연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결론적으로, HS와동등한안정성을보이고최소침습적수술로서의장점이있는 EVLT가비용대비효과의우수성이있는하지정맥류표준치료로인정받기위해서는장기적인전향적무작위비교연구뿐아니라다른 객관적인지표로 EVLT의우수성을증명하려는노력도병행되어야하겠다. REFERENCES 1) Beale RJ, Gough MJ. Treatment options for primary varicose veins: a review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;30: ) Jung IM, Min SI, Heo SC, Ahn YJ, Hwang KT, Chung JK. Combined endovenous laser treatment and ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. Phlebology 2008;23: ) Mekako AI, Hatfield J, Bryce J, Lee D, McCollum PT, Chetter I. A nonrandomised controlled trial of endovenous laser therapy and surgery in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 2006;20: ) Van Den Bos RR, Neumann M, De Roos KP, Nijsten T. Endovenous laser ablation-induced complications: review of the literature and new cases. Dermatol Surg 2009;35: ) Hoggan BL, Cameron AL, Maddern GJ. Systematic review of endovenous laser therapy versus surgery for the treatment of saphenous varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23: )Mundy L, Merlin TL, Fitridge RA, Hiller JE. Systematic review of endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins. Br J Surg 2005;92: ) Kim SM, Jung IM, Heo SC, Ahn YJ, Hwang KT, Choi YH, et al. Comparative study of endovenous laser treatment with different laser wavelength for saphenous vein incompetence. J Korean Soc Vasc Surg 2009;25: ) Min SK, Jung IM, Min SI, Heo SC, Ahn YJ, Hwang KT, et al. Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) with high ligation of small saphenous vein varicosities. J Korean Soc Vasc Surg 2007;23: ) Jung IM, Chung JK, Chai YJ, Heo SC, Ahn YJ, Hwang KT, et al. Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) combined with stab phlebectomy (SP) for lower extremity varicose veins. J Korean Surg Soc 2006;71: ) Omary RA, Bettmann MA, Cardella JF, Bakal CW, Schwartzberg MS, Sacks D, et al. Quality improvement guidelines for the reporting and archiving of interventional radiology procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003;14:S ) Rutherford RB, Padberg FT Jr, Comerota AJ, Kistner RL, Meissner MH, Moneta GL. Venous severity scoring: an adjunct to venous outcome assessment. J Vasc Surg 2000;31: ) Garratt AM, Macdonald LM, Ruta DA, Russell IT, Buckingham JK, Krukowski ZH. Towards measurement of outcome for patients with varicose veins. Qual Health Care 1993;2: ) van den Bremer J, Moll FL. Historical overview of varicose vein surgery. Ann Vasc Surg 2010;24: ) Leopardi D, Hoggan BL, Fitridge RA, Woodruff PW,
7 42 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 1 호 2010 Maddern GJ. Systematic review of treatments for varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23: ) van den Bos R, Arends L, Kockaert M, Neumann M, Nijsten T. Endovenous therapies of lower extremity varicosities: a meta-analysis. J Vasc Surg 2009;49: )Pannier F, Rabe E, Maurins U. First results with a new 1470-nm diode laser for endovenous ablation of incompetent saphenous veins. Phlebology 2009;24: ) Rasmussen LH, Bjoern L, Lawaetz M, Blemings A, Lawaetz B, Eklof B. Randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation and stripping in patients with varicose veins: short-term results. J Vasc Surg 2007;46: ) de Medeiros CA, Luccas GC. Comparison of endovenous treatment with an 810 nm laser versus conventional stripping of the great saphenous vein in patients with primary varicose veins. Dermatol Surg 2005;31: ) Lin Y, Ye CS, Huang XL, Ye JL, Yin HH, Wang SM. A random, comparative study on endovenous laser therapy and saphenous veins stripping for the treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007;87: ) Kalteis M, Berger I, Messie-Werndl S, Pistrich R, Schimetta W, P?lz W, et al. High ligation combined with stripping and endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: early results of a randomized controlled study. J Vasc Surg 2008;47: ) Darwood RJ, Theivacumar N, Dellagrammaticas D, Mavor AI, Gough MJ. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with surgery for the treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 2008;95: ) Darwood RJ, Gough MJ. Endovenous laser treatment for uncomplicated varicose veins. Phlebology 2009;24 Suppl 1:S50-S61. 23) Yang SJ, Park YS, Kim CS. Comparison of the operative methods for varicose veins in the lower extremities. J Korean Soc Vasc Surg 2007;23: ) Park SJ, Yim SB, Cha DW, Kim SC, Lee SH. Endovenous laser treatment of the small saphenous vein with a 980-nm diode laser: early results. Dermatol Surg 2008;34:
untitled
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 25 권제 1 호 Vol. 25, No. 1, May 2009 복재정맥역류를동반한하지정맥류환자에서다른레이저파장을이용한정맥내레이저치료법의결과비교 서울대학교보라매병원외과 1, 영상의학과 2, 병리과 3 김서민 1, * ㆍ정인목 1, * ㆍ허승철 1 ㆍ안영준 1 ㆍ황기태 1 ㆍ최영호 2 ㆍ장미수 3 ㆍ정중기 1 Comparative Study
More information( ) Jksvs023.hwp
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 23 권제 2 호 Vol. 23, No. 2, November, 2007 소복재정맥하지정맥류에서고위결찰술을동반한정맥내레이저열응고요법 서울대학교보라매병원외과, 1 서울대학교의과대학외과학교실 민승기 1 ㆍ정인목ㆍ민상일 1 ㆍ허승철ㆍ안영준ㆍ황기태ㆍ박양진 1 ㆍ이태승 1 ㆍ하종원 1 ㆍ김상준 1 ㆍ정중기 Endovenous Laser Treatment
More informationuntitled
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 2 호 Vol. 26, No. 2, August 2010 하지정맥류치료에있어서고위결찰술을함께실시한 Endovenous Laser Treatment 의임상고찰 광주기독병원외과 윤성필ㆍ박범석ㆍ문덕진 Clinical Analysis of Endovenous Laser Treatment Combined with High Ligation
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationuntitled
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 25 권제 2 호 Vol. 25, No. 2, November 2009 최신 VNUS ClosureFAST System 을이용한정맥내고주파열제거술과평면고위결찰술을병행한하지정맥류의조기결과 대구보훈병원흉부외과 1, 안동병원흉부외과 2 공준혁 1 ㆍ허진 2 The Early Results of Endovenous Radiofrequency
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information( ) Jksvs022.hwp
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 23 권제 2 호 Vol. 23, No. 2, November, 2007 하지정맥류수술방법의비교분석 예수병원외과 양석정ㆍ박영삼ㆍ김철승 Comparison of the Operative Methods for Varicose Veins in the Lower Extremities Seok Jeong Yang, M.D., Young Sam
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More information기관고유연구사업결과보고
기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More informationuntitled
대흉외지 2010;43:635-641 DOI:10.5090/kjtcs.2010.43.6.635 임상연구 하지정맥류치료를위한 2 세대고주파열폐쇄술 ( Closure fast) 과기존의고주파열폐쇄술 ( Closure plus) 의임상치험비교분석 김우식 * ㆍ이정상 ** ㆍ정성철 * ㆍ신용철 * Clinical Experience of Closure fast in
More informationMicrosoft PowerPoint - 발표자료(KSSiS 2016)
Sang Jun Kim, MD, PhD Application of 3D Printing in the Orthotic Fields Hallux Valgus, Charcot Marie Tooth, ADL Kit, Foot Insole, Wrist Pain, Foot Drop Development of Automated Program for Ankle Foot Orthosis
More informationuntitled
REVIEW ARTICLE J Surg Ultrasound 2015;2:16-21 JSU Journal of Surgical Ultrasound 복재정맥열절제술을위한초음파검사 계명대학교동산의료원외과 박의준 Duplex Ultrasound for Thermal Ablation of Saphenous Vein Ui Jun Park Department of Surgery,
More informationAbstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie
Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information001-학회지소개(영)
Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More informationuntitled
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 26 권제 3 호 Vol. 26, No. 3, November 2010 소복재정맥역류와무관한오금부위정맥류 서을대학교의과대학외과학교실 1, 영상의학교실 2 신용찬 1 ㆍ민승기 1 ㆍ박은아 2 ㆍ이활 2 ㆍ정진욱 2 ㆍ하종원 1 ㆍ김상준 1 Atypical Varicose Veins in the Popliteal Fossa Unrelated
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou
제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More informationJkbcs012( ).hwp
Complications and Reasons for Dissatisfaction in Augmentation Mammoplasty - Analysis of 42 Cases of Re-operation - Sangdal Lee M.D. Clinic Purpose: Breast augmentation has recently become a common plastic
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More informationuntitled
대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 25 권제 1 호 Vol. 25, No. 1, May 2009 하지정맥류의정맥내레이저열응고요법 (EVLT) 후대복재 - 대퇴정맥접합부의관찰 을지대학교의과대학외과학교실 서승은ㆍ조병선ㆍ이민구ㆍ박성혜ㆍ최영진ㆍ김창남ㆍ강윤중ㆍ박주승 The Evaluation of the Saphenofemoral Junction after Endovenous
More information2009¿©¸§È£ÃÖÁ¾
2009 여름호 / 통권 04 www.kuh.co.kr 포커스 충청해바라기 아동센터 개설 건국대학교충주병원은 여성부와 2009년 5월 15일 성폭력으로 부터 아동을 보호하고 치료할 수 있는 전문 의료기관으 로 협약체결 하였다. 이번에 설립하는 충청해바라기 아동센터에서는 최고의 인프라구축을 통한 One-stop서비스를 제공하며, 충청남북도 아 동들의 성학대 예방
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More information00약제부봄호c03逞풚
경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More information레이아웃 1
대한위장관기질종양연구회 01 GIST 06 02 11 03 Imatinib 14 04 05 06 07 Sunitinib 32 40 44 48 GIST 6 01 7 GIST Guide book GIST 8 01 9 GIST Guide book GIST (CT) MRI FDG-PET 10 02 11 GIST Guide book 12 02 (Imatinib)
More informationSheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136: Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:
Sheu HM, et al., British J Dermatol 1997; 136:884-890 Kao JS, et al., J Invest Dermatol 03; 1:446-464 1 10 0 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE Cream Cream 80 7 70 6 3 Day Normal MLE Lotion Lotion MLE
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More information°ø±â¾Ð±â±â
20, 30, 40 20, 30, 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3.1 6.3 9.4 12.6 15.7 18.8 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 2.4 4.7 7.1 9.4 11.8 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.2 23.6 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.3 35.3 42.4 49.5 56.5 63.6 70.7 5.9 11.9 17.8 23.7
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More informationJkbcs030(10)( ).hwp
Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation Doo Min Sohn, Hyo Won Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Dan Song, Sung Yong Kim, Chul Wan Lim and Min Hyuk Lee Department of Surgery, College of
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More informationKjhps016( ).hwp
Surgical Extent and Types in Pancreatic Cancer Song Cheol Kim, M.D. Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Pancreatic cancer continues to pose a
More information달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
More information27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :
27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More informationMinimally invasive parathyroidectomy
2013. 2. 2 대한간암연구학회 7차 심포지움 및 학술대회 Indication and Clinical Outcomes of Metachronous HCC Metastasectomy Shin Hwang Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan
More information( )Jksc057.hwp
직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
More informationPharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information05-08 087ÀÌÁÖÈñ.hwp
산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석(이주희) ꌙ 87 노 동 정 책 연 구 2005. 제5권 제2호 pp. 87118 c 한 국 노 동 연 구 원 산별교섭에 대한 평가 및 만족도의 영향요인 분석: 보건의료노조의 사례 이주희 * 2004,,,.. 1990. : 2005 4 7, :4 7, :6 10 * (jlee@ewha.ac.kr) 88 ꌙ 노동정책연구
More information유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012
11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More information....-42.(11+12.).pdf
www.himchanhospital.com 2011:11+12 www.himchanhospital.com Himchan People CONTENTS 2011 11+12 HIMCHAN PEOPLE 02 04 07 08 10 12 13 14 16 HIMCHAN NETWORK 18 19 22 04+05 Himchan People 06+07 Himchan People
More information[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon
[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to
More informationuntitled
대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea
More information09구자용(489~500)
The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal
More information<B0A3C3DFB0E828C0DBBEF7292E687770>
초청연자특강 대구가톨릭의대의학통계학교실 Meta analysis ( 메타분석 ) 예1) The effect of interferon on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection?? -:> 1998.1 ~2007.12.31 / RCT(2),
More information³ëº´¼®
121 A B C Fig. 1. Deep vein thrombosis of left lower extremity in 48-years-old female. A. After removal of iliofemoral vein thrombus, Initial venography shows impacted thrombus with obstruction in the
More information03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö
25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례
CSE REPORT 대한족부족관절학회지 제16권 제4호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp.270-275, 2012 종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 정형외과 차성무 장보훈 서진수 Treatment of Talonavicular Subluxation
More information페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16
야간뇨의진단과치료 - 실제적접근 - Reference 1. Choo MS, Ku JH, Park CH et al. Prevalence of Nocturia in a Korean Population Aged 40 to 89 Years. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:60-64. 2. Weiss JP. Prevalence
More information<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>
심전도연수강좌 : 처음시작하는사람들을위한심전도 연세대학교원주의과대학순환기내과학교실 안민수 Cardiac Electrophysiology I : Automaticity : 60-100 회 /min, His bundle : 40-60 회 /min Bundle branch : 20-40 회 /min Purkinje fiber : 20 회 /min Cardiac Electrophysiology
More informationKaes025.hwp
고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer
More information16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More information.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201
4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More information슬라이드 1
Proposed Korean guideline for the diagnosis of BPH Hyun Woo Kim The Catholic University of Korea BPH Guideline AHCPR guideline on BPH (1994) AUA guideline on BPH (2003) EAU guideline on BPH (2004) International
More information. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )
. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More information歯14.양돈규.hwp
: The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net
More information04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More information약수터2호최종2-웹용
Contents 06 08 11 14 17 17 18 19 23 28 28 33 37 41 45 45 51 56 59 64 66 72 80 26 29 31 34 35 35 38 39 40 42 43 43 46 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 69 73 74 77 78 79 14 15 25 36 48 06 07 08
More information<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>
김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May
More information목 차 회사현황 1. 회사개요 2. 회사연혁 3. 회사업무영역/업무현황 4. 등록면허보유현황 5. 상훈현황 6. 기술자보유현황 7. 시스템보유현황 주요기술자별 약력 1. 대표이사 2. 임원짂 조직 및 용도별 수행실적 1. 조직 2. 용도별 수행실적
用 役 指 名 願 금번 貴 社 에서 실시하고자 하는 用 役 에 참여하고자 當 社 의 指 名 願 을 提 出 하오니 審 査 하시고 指 名 하여 주시면 감사하겠습니다. 2014년 (주)하우드 엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 대표이사 문 홍 길 대표이사 채 희 대표이사 이 재 규 대표이사 김 성 우 SUBMISSION We are submitting our brochure
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More informationISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE
11-1320082-000013-09 ISSN 1738-2963 2015 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies 2015. 12 ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE : 통학버스를중심으로 차례 전병주 * 최은영 ** Ⅰ. 서론 1) Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과
More information상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /
,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;
More informationThe characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo
The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil
More informationTreatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy
Treatment and Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy Chung-Ang University Hospital Chee Jeong Kim 7.2 5.3 6.4 5.6 7.3 5.5 1 1 2 3 4 10 11 7 34 49 122 123 1.0 - - 10. 2001 1998 1998 Improvement of postmenopausal
More information-07-......
A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early
More information