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1 / : ",,, , Poul la Cour [1]. 1 2, 1950 Prototype

2 /, Chernobyl ,,,. Boeing, General Electric MAN R &D,, (Bottom-Up). 1980, Wind Rush., Los Angeles 7,000. Wind Rush,.., Taper (Tower), [2]., : Poul la Cour 1956 : Gedser ( ) 1973 : 1976 : 1978 : Risø 1981 : ,000MW 1985 : 10 3 ETIS

3 1991 : Vindeby 1993 : 500MW, 3% 1995 : Tunø Knob 1998 : 1,200MW, 7%, ,500MW( ) National Action Plan % 4,000MW., (Power Rate) - - (Green market incentive),,. ( CA- OWEE : Concerted Action on Offshore Wind Energy in Europe) [3], CA- OWEE 13,,

4 / [ 1] CA-OWEE CA- OWEE [4] , [5] ETIS

5 [ 2].,,.,,. [ 3] Prototype

6 / Prototype. [ 4] Prototype. [6]. [ 5] 10 7 ETIS

7 (GBS :Gravity Based Structure), (Pile)..,.,.. [7].. [ 6] US$850 ~ $1,350 US$1,230 ~ $1,900 [8]

8 / [ 7] 51%, 16% 18%.. 23%. [ 8] 10 9 ETIS

9 , Vindeby Tunø Knob. Vindeby Bonus 450 kw Lolland 1.5 km ~ 3 km. Vindeby, Tunø Powergen Renewables Scroby [9]. < 1> Vindeby, Tunø Scroby Vindeby [MW] [m/ s] / [GWh] [GWh] [ ] [ / MWh] Tunø @500kW Scroby 25@1500kW ~ 300/ MWh. Vindeby 85%, 20%,.. Tunø Knob 1993, Scroby Sands Powergen 25 Vestas 63m/ 1.5MW. Yarmouth Norfolk 3km. Powergen,. 35 Tuno, Vindeby.,

10 /. WindStat,., ,.,... (Wake Effect ).., ETIS

11 % 70%...,,..,,. (leisure). 7 ~ 10km.,. Tunø Knob. Vindeby., 230TWh... 5km

/, 10m 50m 3... 10m.,. 10 m 25 m 50 m 100 m 200 m ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 > 8.0 > 600 > 8.5 > 700 > 9.0 > 800 > 10.0 > 1100 > 11.0 > 1500 7.0-8.

12 /, 10m 50m m.,. 10 m 25 m 50 m 100 m 200 m ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 ms - 1 Wm - 2 > 8.0 > 600 > 8.5 > 700 > 9.0 > 800 > 10.0 > 1100 > 11.0 > < 4.5 < 100 < 5.0 < 150 < 5.5 < 200 < 6.0 < 250 < 6.5 < 300 [ 9] 10km 1 13 ETIS

13 [ 10],,,., (Capacity Factor : ). 5MW 27.7%(Wind Force ), % 1,942 km 2 (44 44 km)

14 / [ 11] % [ 12] ETIS

15 ( ). Blyth Horns Rev [ 10]. < 2> [MW] Vindeby Denmark Bonus 450kW Lely ( Ijsselmeer) Holland NedWind 500kW Tunø Knob Denmark Vest as 500kW Dront en ( Ijsselmeer) Holland Nordt ank 600kW Got land ( Bockst igen) Sweden Wind World 500kW Blyt h Offshore UK Vest as 2MW Middelgrunden, Copenhagen Denmark Bonus 2MW Ut t grunden, Kalm ar Sound Sweden Enron 1.5MW Yt t re St engrund Sweden NE G Micon NM72 Horns Rev Denmark Vest as 2MW T ot als Vindeby. : Vindeby( ) : 1991 : Bonus Wind Turbines 450kW x 11 :

16 김은일 / 풍력 유체기기연구센터 [그림 13] 세계 최초 덴마크 Vinde by 해상풍력단지 덴마크 Frederikshaven에 2002년 12월에 한 3MW급 풍차가 설치되지만 아직 완전 히 준공검사를 마친 단계는 아니다. 이 프로젝트는 총 12MW 규모로 2003년에야 완 공될 것이다. 다음 그림은 2002년 말 기준 현재 완공되었거나 건설이 추진되고 있 는 해상풍력단지의 위치를 보여 준 것이다 [그림 14] [ 11]. 2002년 말 기준 현재 완공 및 건설 추진 중인 해상풍력단지 위치 1 17 ETI S 분석지 제23권 1 17

. Ijselmeer 2. 100. 100,000. 500kW Gotland. Malmo 48MW, 750MW.,. 2001 [ 12]. Utgrunden. [ 15] Utgrunden,,.

17 . Ijselmeer , kW Gotland. Malmo 48MW, 750MW., [ 12]. Utgrunden. [ 15] Utgrunden,,.. Mouth of the Western Scheldt River, Holland, 100MW Ijmuiden, Holland, 100MW Laeso, Denmark, 150MW Omo St algrunde, Denmark, 150MW

18 / Gedser Rev, Denmark, 15MW R odsand, Denmark, 600MW Lillgrund Bank, Sweden, 48MW Barsebank, Sweden, 750MW Kish Bank, Ireland 250MW+ Arklow Bank, off County Wicklow, Ireland 200MW+ Cape Cod [ 13]. MW,. (EWEA :European Wind Energy Association) GW 5GW. EWEA Greenpeace Wind Force 12 [14] %. 53,000TWh/ year , (, )., %, ,800( ,578) TWh/ year 12% 3,000( ) TWh/ year.., % 3.1%, 300MW [ 15]., MW, MW MW [ 16], MW 10 3,000MW [ 17] ETIS

19 E C [18].,,. [ 18] ( ) 5.., kw 2,200/ kw Horns Rev 1,650/ kw. Horns Rev EU 4.9/ kwh. IJmuiden 1,990/ kw EU

20 / 6.4/ kwh. 5 ~ 10 m/ s 700 ~ 1000/ kw EU 3 ~ 8/ kwh.( 5% 20% ), 9.0 m/ s EU 4.4/ kwh 8.4 m/ s EU 5.1/ kwh... [ 17] DTI(Department of Trade and Industry) ( 1,200)/ kw, l p/ kwh (EU 1.6). DTI 98% 95% ETIS

21 1,466 ~ 2,050/ kw EU 4.7 ~ 6.8/ kwh. 30/ kw EU 0.5/ kwh. Danish Energy Agency Elsam and Elkraft. National Action Plan ~ MW( 500 ), ,300MW, ,000MW. 670MW 5 78 DKK(1,157 USD). EU.... Smart., -.. (Foundation) (Tower)..,. Prototype

22 /. EU. University College V (Barge). ( Cable).. < 3> Top 11, / kwh [ ] ($0.051) ( ) ($0.063) ($0.082) 0.06 ($0.054) 3 MW / kwh 3 MW ($0.043) ( 25% ) / ($0.11), kwh 0.069/ kwh ($0.062) ( ) ($0.07) 0.06 ($0.054) / kwh 0.028/ kwh or ( $0.057 or + $0.025) 0.046/ kwh ($0.042) ( ) 0.047/ kwh 0.047( $0.042) 12 3 ETIS

23 . (Yaw).. 8 1MW British Isles,. 9.5 m/ s 5 km m/ s ~ 1 m/ s... /,.. 1 ~ 2%...,. Vindeby Tunø Knob

24 /.,,.,.,.,. ( ).. EU. : ( ). : ( ). : (NFFO : Non- Fossil Fuel Obligation) ( ). : 12 5 ETIS

25 , ( )., [19]..,,, ( ) R &D., 40m..,,.,, ( )

26 / 1. History of Wind Turbines, 2003, ht tp :/ / pictures/ index.ht m. 2. Denmark- Birthplace of Modern Wind P ower, http :/ / archive.greenpeace.org/ ~ climate/ renewables/ report s/ brief1.ht ml. 3. Offshore Wind Energy Ready t o Power a Sust ainable Europe, Final Report, Concerted Action on Offshore Wind Energy in Europe, Dec. 2001, http :/ / owe.st arforze.net/ ca- owee/ indexpages/ downloads/ CA- OWEE_ Complete.p df. 4. Offshore wind, Ready t o power a sustainable Europe, Renewable E NE R GY World, January- February 2002 Volume 5 Number 1, http :/ / magsandj/ rew/ 2002_ 01/ ca- owee.ht ml. 5. Wind P ower, 2003, http :/ / der/ wind_ power.html. 6. Offshore Wind Energy in Europe, Oct. 2001, ht tp :/ / g.tudelft. nl/ content/ research/ pdfs/ bwea01_ arh.pdf. 7. Review of Offshore Wind Energy, Concerted Action on Offshore Wind Energy in Europe, Andrew Henderson, May 2002, http :/ / windmill/ 2002_ 5.html. 8. Introduction :What is Offshore Wind Energy Development?, OFFSHOR E WIND MEET ING 2002, Sep. 2002, US National Wind Coordinating Com m it t ee ( N W C C ), h t t p : / / a t i on a lwin d.or g/ even t s/ offsh or e/ presentations/ Smith.pdf. 9. An overview, 2003, http :/ / report s/ overview.html. 10. Offshore wind energy worldwide, 2003, ht tp :/ / else.html. 11. Large Offshore Windpower Project s in Belgium, the SEANER GY project, T. Saegeman, 2002, http :/ / documenten/ pres6.pdf. 12. P ower From The Sea- The Offshore Revolution, 2002, http :/ / archive.greenpeace. org/ ~ climate/ renewables/ reports/ brief4.html ETIS

27 13. Offshore Harvest of Wind Is Proposed for Cape Cod, 2002, ht tp :/ / olaf. edu/ people/ welchb/ courses/ es137/ articles/ articles/ cape_ cod_ windmills.htm. 14. WIND FOR CE 12, A blue print t o achieve 12 percent of the world s electricity from wind power by 2020, E WEA and Greenpeace, 2002, http :/ / a520.g.akamai.net/ 7/ 520/ 1534/ release1.0/ multimedia/ d ownload/ 1/ 14637/ 0/ wind-force pdf. 15. IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2000, International Energy Agency ( IE A), May LE BAROMÈ TRE É OLIEN 2003, EUR OBSERV' ER, Feb. 2003, http :/ / eurec/ baro153.pdf. 17. IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2001, International Energy Agency( IE A), May A PLAN FOR ACTION IN EUR OPE, WIND ENER GY-T HE FACTS, E C, 1997, http :/ / Publications/ Wind_ Energy.htm. 19., , , http :/ / news/ paper/ download/.hwp

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 14, Number 2, September 2015 : pp. 99~126 산유국의재생에너지정책결정요인분석 1) 99

에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 14, Number 2, September 2015 : pp. 99~126 산유국의재생에너지정책결정요인분석 1) 99 100 101 102 < 표 1> 산유국의재생에너지정책현황 103 104 105 106 107 108 < 표 2> 재생에너지발전의주요결정요인 109 110 < 표