슬라이드 1

Transcription

1 인공위성을이용한 전리권관측및응용 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 2016 년 5 월 13 일 KAIST 인공위성연구센터유광선 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 1

2 SaTReC Major R&D Achievements Development of Advanced Micro Small Satellites Mission objectives: technologies validation & space/earth science KITSAT-1 (1992) (with Surrey Univ.) KITSAT-2 (1993) Earth Observation Space Experiment STSAT-2C( ) Launched by the First Korean Space Vehicle, KSLV-1 Various Space Tech. Verification KITSAT-3 (1999) Earth Observation, Tech. Demonstration STSAT-1 (2003) Space Science, Tech. Demonstration STSAT-2A, 2B (2009, 2010) Earth Monitoring by Radiometer Tech. Demonstration STSAT-3 ( ) Survey of Near-IR Cosmic Background Earth Observation in IR Environmental Monitoring by Spectrometer Core Advanced Technologies Demonstration NextSat-1 (2016) Domestic Core Technology Demonstration Stable Platform for Supporting Space Science Payloads and Promoting Basic Science Astronomical IR and Solar Storm Observation 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 2

3 Did you know about these Pictures? 우리별과함께발사된 Topex/Poseidon 위성 (1992) KITSAT-1 발사장면 (1992) 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 3

4 Merits of Small Satellites Spacecraft classification due to mass (Ref: ) Classification Mass Cost (USD) Life Large >1000 kg 1000 M 10 years Medium 500~1000 k g 100 M 2~3 years Small Mini 100~500 kg 75 M 2 years Micro 10~100 kg 50 M 1.5 years Nano 1~10 kg 5 M 1 year Pico 0.1~1 kg 500 k months Merits of Small Satellites Small size and mass Piggy-back launching or multiple launching possible Low cost (cost-effective) Ideal test-bed for new technology demonstration Fast application of proven state-of-the-art technology possible Repeatable and fast mission implementation possible Applicable to Space sciences/astrobiology/space physics/lunar Science 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 4

5 Small Satellite Series (ESA) Proba-1, 2 S/C Objective Mass Launch Proba-1 Proba-2 French Myriade Series (Standard Platform) S/C Objective Mass Launch DEMETER Parasol TARANIS Technology demonstration Compact high resolution imaging spectrometer Technology demonstration & Solar UV Image and Flux Determination of the electromagnetic signal waveform observed in the ionosphere. To perform measurements of the polarized and multi-directional reflectance To observe stormy regions with a view to detecting TLEs and TGFs German Satellites (Small satellite? Medium class?) 94 kg Oct., kg kg June, kg Dec, kg 2016 S/C Objective Mass Launch Proba-1 DEMETER TARANIS Proba-2 Parasol CHAMP CHAMP SWARM (ESA) Small satellite mission for geoscientific and atmospheric research and applications Constellation of 3 identical satellites dedicated to the study of the Earth's magnetic field 522 kg July, kg Nov., 2013 SWARM 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 5

6 Ionosphere effects on Human Activity 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 6

7 지구자기권및이온층 자기권 이온층 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 7

8 Ionospheric Sounding By Radio Wave 이오노존데 Radio Wave 를이용한이온층관측 Appleton-Hartree equation in Simplified Form μ 2 = 1 ω p 2 ω 2 The oldest remote sensing device and still widely used: Transmits a radio pulse vertically and measures the time it takes for the signal to return t(f) = 2 c න 0 z(f p ) dz 1 ω p 2 ω 2 Incoherent Scattering Radar Higher Frequency Penetration 비균질플라즈마 (Irregularity) 에서반사됨 플라즈마유동속도 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 8

9 Global Ionospheric Change 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 9

10 Method of Ionospheric Measurements In situ Measurement Satellite & Rocket Langmuir Probe, RPA, IDM Magnetometer, Electric Field Meter Radio or Radar Sounding Ionosonde, Incoherent Scatter Radar Topside Ionospheric Sounder (From satellite) Optical Measurement EUV, FUV spectrometer and imager GPS and Radio Occultation GIM : COSMIC satellite series Ionospheric and Atmospheric Vertical Profile by Limb Scanning Method Active Radio Sounding 인공적인방법으로이온층에웨이브를가하고이에대한반응을관측하는방법 : HAARP 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 10

11 차세대소형위성 (2017) 전리권관측장치 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 11

12 Langmuir Probe(LP) I-V Characteristic Curve 10cm φ1mm tungsten Alumina tube I 10cm stainless 2 mm C B A 3 cm 2 cm V V p1 p2 V V p p ln[ I 0( ea / kte )] ln[ I (2ea / kt )] 0 e V f V p V Probe a Probe b A. B. I I kt ev e 1/2 1/2 e (sat) ( ) NeAce [1 ] 2meπ π kte I i kte ( ) 2m e 1/ 2 N e 2 A eexp( c ev kt e ) Sine Wave Generator (amplitude 0, a, 2a) 100M Low pass filter AMP V p V p1, V p2 C. I (sat) ( kt ) N A e ev [1 i 1/ 2 1/ 2 i i c ] 2M i kti 2 100M 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 12

13 Retarding Potential Analyzer(RPA) 전리권의 thermal ion 을관측하는대표적인기기 위성의진행방향에부착되어이온층이온들의열적밀도와온도를측정 내부의하나의 grid 에 voltage 를가해주었을때이온의질량에따라서 collector 로들어오는 ion current 가다름을이용하여측정 collector 에도달하는이온의플럭스 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 13

14 Ion Drift Meter(IDM) 위성의진행방향에부착되어이온층이온의분포와이온표류속도측정 기계적인구조는 RPA 와매우흡사하며, 4 개의각 collector 로들어오는 ion 의 current 의크기를비교하여, ion 의입사각도를계산하고, 이때얻어진값을 RPA 에서얻는값들과함께 drift velocity 를구함 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 14

15 Space Plasma Chamber Conceptual Design 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 15

16 Langmuir Probe Installed in the Plasma Chamber 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 16

17 RPA and IDM Calibration in SPC 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 17

18 FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation α Global 3D structure 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 18

19 Distribution of occultation events observ ed by FORMOSAT-3 MISSION Total Atm Occs Total Ion Occs CHAMP CNOFS COSMIC GPSMET GPSMETAS GRACE METOPA METOPB SACC TSX Total 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 19

20 Primary Dynamics Vertical drift Zonal drift upward downward westward eastward Day Night Day Night Jicamarca 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 20

21 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) fountain effect E E x B high density 600 km 300 km upward drift during daytime North B Magnetic equator South DMSP DEMETER CHAMP 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 21

22 DEMETER 주요탑재체 탑재체명 ICE (Instrument Champ Electrique) IMSC (Instrument Magnetic Search Coil) 기능및성능 - 전리층전기장측정 - 주파수범위 : DC~ 3.175MHz DC/ULF: 0-15Hz, ELF: 15Hz-1kHz, - Sensitivity: 0.05 uv/mhz1/2 - 전리층자기장측정 - 주파수범위 : DC Hz ~ 20 khz ISL (Instrument Sonde de Langmuir) - 전리층 bulk plasma parameter (electron density, temperature) - Spatial resolution (700km 고도 ): 7km Plasma Analyzer Energetic Particle Detector - 전리층 plasma 상태 (density, composition) 분석 - 주요관심이온 : H+, He+, O+ - Spatial resolution : 수 km - Energetic ion (70 kev-500 kev) 의 flux 측정 - Energy range: (2500) kev, - Max. geometrical factor: 1.2cm2 sr 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 22

23 Longitudinal Density Enhancement GUVI IMAGE nm O airglow (Immel et al., 2006). Ryu et al JGR-Space Physics (doi: /2014ja020284) 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 23

24 90 Lightning strikes from convective storms, signature of latent heat release: Maybe four (not three) peaks in longitude: wave 4? Illuminated by the Sun every 24 hours: diurnal Now we can see where a DE3 might come from: cos(ωt + λ) cos4λ ---> cos(ωt + 5λ) + cos(ωt - 3λ) eastward propagating wavenumber 3 diurnal: DE3 CEDAR Grand Challenge Tutorial of Fuller-Rowell 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 24

25 EIA Enhancement as an Earthquake Precursor M8.7 Northern Sumatra Earthquake of 28 March N, E. Depth = 30 km 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 25

26 Simplified EIA Strength Index NEPD NEPD (Normalized Equatorial Plasma Density) = Ne(Equator: 15 ) / Ne(mid-lat. : 30 ~ 50 S/N) In Geomagnetic Cord 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 26

27 Change of NEPD Around the Northern Sumatra Earthquake M March 2005 (97.11 E, 2.09 N) MLAT : -7.0 Ryu et al a) JGR-Space Physics (doi: /2013ja019685) 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 27

28 Change of NEPD Around the Pisco Earthquake (2007) M August 2007 (76.52 W, 13.36S) MLAT : Dst Index (2007/ /256) 40 Dst (nt) Day Kp Index (2007/ /256) 9 Kp Day f10.7 Index (2007/ /256) f Day 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 28

29 Seasonal Variation (DEMETER) 2016 우주전파 기술 및 환경 워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 29

30 WSA and MSNA CHAMP DEMETER DMSP 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 30

31 Neutral Wind and Ionospheric Seasonal Variation positive effect on the plasma density B O + gyro motion height increase height decrease B by electric field by Neutral drag negative effect on the plasma density 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 31

32 Mechanism of Ionospheric Variations n t i production transport loss q i Sun l i ( vini ) Ɵ Production O hv O e photoionization Loss O e O h radiative recombination q i = q i (z, θ) O NO N 2 NO e N N O dissociative recombination Neutral profile O O 2 O 2 O 2 O e O O dissociative recombination 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 32

33 Global Ultraviolet Imager(GUVI) 전지구전리층분포동시측정가능 열권의화확조성및온도를측정하여전리층예보모델의필수입력자료제공 예상규격 ; 약 30 kg(timed), 10 kg(guvi- LITE) 원격측정, 천저, 지평선방향 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 33

34 GPS 1.5 GHz scintillation 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 34

35 GUVI O/N2 Ratio 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 35

36 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 36

37 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 37

38 SWARM Objectives and Complication 1. Geomagnetic field reversal 2. Mineral exploration Solar-quiet (Sq) Current Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 38

39 Gravity Wave Ionospheric Current Microscopic Features Way to go? Iyemori et al. 2013, Earth Planets Space, 65, 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 39

40 Concluding Remark Which looks more scientific or physical? Playing with Hula Hoop 2016 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)- 40

41 감사합니다. An unwavering spirit of challenge with respect to space exploration; Dedication to the nurture of space engineers; Contribution to national prestige and human prosperity 우주전파기술및환경워크숍 (2016/5/13)