72 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜., Kim et al. (211) (5-6 ). 이각망어획물및수온 재료및방법 (Fig. 1) ,,, (cooler). Chyung (1977), Kim et al. (25) Kim

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1 한수지 49(5), 71-71, 216 Note Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(5),71-71,216 봄어기여수연안이각망에어획된어류군집구조의연도별변화 유준택 * 김희용 1 송세현 김영혜 국립수산과학원남해수산연구소자원환경과, 1 국립수산과학원연구기획과 Inter-annual Changes in the Community Structure of Fish Caught by a Both Sides Fyke Net in the Yeosu Coast during the Spring Fishing Period Joon-Taek Yoo*, Heeyong Kim 1, Se Hyun Song and Yeong Hye Kim 1 * Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Yeosu 5978, Korea 1 Research and Development Planning Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 4683, Korea We examined the inter-annual changes in the community structure of fish in the Yeosu coast during the spring fishing period (May June) from 28 to 215. Using a both sides fyke net, we collected 74 taxa, of which the dominant species was Trachurus japonicus. In the years and 215, when the relative abundance of T. japonicus decreased, the fish species diversity increased, as estimated from the rarefaction curve and beta-diversity, resulting in a significant difference in the fish community structure between two year groups: one comprising and 215 and the other comprising 28 and T. japonicus may be a keystone species that plays a critical role in temporal changes in the community structure of fish caught by fyke nets along the southern coast of Korea. Obvious modes in the length-frequency of T. japonicus smaller than fork length (FL) 1 cm were observed continually during the study, while the frequency of T. japonicus bigger than FL 15 cm declined rapidly after 21. The new recruitment of smaller T. japonicus before and after 21 appeared beginning in June and May, respectively. Key words: Fish community, Annual changes, Fyke net, Yeosu 서론, 4% (Yoon et al., 214).., (Zhang, 22).,,..,, Yoo et al. (214) Yoo et al. (215). Yoo et al. (214) , Yoo et al. (215) , (Jeong et al., 25; Hwang et al., 28; Kim et al., 211)., Kim et al. (211) 21 (Trachurus japonicus) 6, (T. japonicus) Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(5) 71-71, October 216 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 1 September 216; Revised 14 October 216; Accepted 21 October 216 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: yoojt@korea.kr Copyright 216 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 71 pissn: , eissn:

2 72 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜., Kim et al. (211) (5-6 ). 이각망어획물및수온 재료및방법 (Fig. 1) ,,, (cooler). Chyung (1977), Kim et al. (25) Kim et al. (25),.1 cm.. 35 N 군집구조분석 2-4., ( )., Rarefaction curve (ES) Simpson (Masaaki, 1996; Hsieh and Li, 1998; Hurlbert, 1971)., (bias) (5-6 ), (UPGMA) (hierarchical cluster analysis). Chao-Jaccard (Doi and Okamura, 211; Chao et al., 26)., PERMANOVA(Permutational multivariate analysis of variance) (Anderson, 21; Harding et al., 211), SIMPER(Similarity-percentages procedure). R vegan (Oksanen et al., 214). 결과 표면수온 34 N 126 E 127 E 128 E ( ) Fig Hwayangmyeon Geumo Island Sea surface temperature ( ) Year Fig. 1. Sampling station (a star) for the study in the coast of Yeosu. Fig. 2. Annual changes of surface sea temperature in the coast of Yeosu from 28 to 215.

3 여수연안이각망에어획된어류군집구조장기변화 73 Richness index (ES) , 211, , 군집구조 Year Fig. 3. Annual changes in the richness (ES) and diversity (β-diversity) indexes of fishes caught by a both sides fyke net in the study area. Richness and diversity indexes are estimated from rarefaction and Simpson β -diversity, respectively (5-6 ) 74 3,911 (Table 1) , , ,. 1, (T. japonicus) 91.1%, (Lateolabrax japonicus), (Thamnaconus modestus), (Oplegnathus fasciatus). (Scomber japonicus) (Clupea pallasii) 28 (Table 1). (ES) ( ) Fig. 3. ES (Fig. 2). (T. japonicus) ES ( 29 ) Table 2. (Fig. 4), (Group 1), (Group 2)., ES β Diversity index (β) Distance % (PERMANOVA, P<.5). SIMPER. SIMPER 5% (Table 3), (L. japonicus).7 8.7%., (T. modestus) 8.37%, (P. olivaceus) 5.93%, 5.69%, (O. fasciatus) 5.65%, (L. maculatus) 4.82%, (P. major) 4.82%, (S. inermis) 4.75%., Group 2 ( ) Group 1 ( ) (average abundance) (T. japonicus),. 전갱이의체장조성 Year Fig. 4. Dendrogram for hierarchincal clustering. The abundance of fishes resampled from original fish samples for the study is used in the cluster analysis. (T. japonicus) (Fork length, FL) Fig. 5. FL cm, FL cm., (FL)., FL 15. cm, 21 (FL) 1. cm FL 15. cm (T. japonicus) 3%,.

4 74 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜 Table 1. Annual variation in species composition of fishes caught by both sides fyke net in the coast of Yeosu during the spring fishing period (May-June) from 28 to 215 Species Year Total Acanthopagrus schlegeli Acropoma japonicum Apogon lineatus Apogon semilineatus 1 1 Chelidonichthys spinosus Chelon haematocheilus 1 1 Chromis notate 3 3 Clupea pallasii Conger myriaster Cynoglossus robustus Cynoglossus semilaevis 1 1 Ditrema temminckii Engraulis japonicus 1 1 Epinephelus akaara Erisphex pottii Hapalogenys mucronatus Hemitripterus villosus Hexagrammos otakii Histiopterus typus 1 1 Hypodytes rubripinnis Inimicus japonicus 1 1 Johnius grypotus Kaiwarinus equula Kareius bicoloratus Konosirus punctatus Larimichthys polyactis 7 7 Lateolabrax japonicus Lateolabrax maculatus Lepidotrigla abyssalis 3 3 Lepidotrigla microptera 1 1 Miichthys miiuy 1 1 Mugil cephalus Muraenesox cinereus 1 1 Neoditrema ransonneti Nibea albiflora Nuchequula nuchalis Okamejei kenojei Oplegnathus fasciatus Pagrus major Paralichthys olivaceus Parapercis sexfasciata 1 1

5 여수연안이각망에어획된어류군집구조장기변화 75 Table 1. Continued Species Year Total Pennahia argentata Pholis nebulosa 1 1 Platycephalus indicus Plectorhynchus cinctus Pleuronectes yokohamae Pleuronichthys cornutus Raja pulchra 1 1 Sardinella zunasi Saurida undosquamis 1 1 Scomber japonicus 1, ,215 Sebastes inermis Sebastes koreanus 1 1 Sebastes longispinis 1 1 Sebastes schlegelii Sebastes thompsoni 2 2 Seriola lalandi Seriola quinqueradiata 2 2 Sillago japonica Sillago sihama 2 2 Sphyraena pinguis Stephanolepis cirrhifer Stichaeus grigorjewi 1 1 Takifugu niphobles 1 1 Takifugu pardalis Takifugu poecilonotus Takifugu snyderi 1 1 Takifugu stictonotus 1 1 Thamnaconus modestus Thryssa kammalensis Trachurus japonicus 4, ,769 5,79 6,981 9, ,175 Trichiurus lepturus 3 3 Zeus faber 1 1 Zoarces gillii Number of species Total individuals 5, ,969 5,939 7,168 9, ,912, FL 15. cm (Fig. 6) , 5 FL 1. cm FL 15 cm, 6 FL 15. cm FL 8. cm , FL 1. cm (T. japonicus) 5. 고찰 Kim et al. (211) 21

6 76 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜 Table 2. Species composition of fishes resampled from original fish samples. The original samples were randomly resampled to the lowest number of individuals (129 individuals in 29) using rrarefy function in the vegan package (R statistical software) Species Year Acanthopagrus schlegeli Apogon lineatus 1 1 Apogon semilineatus 1 Chelidonichthys spinosus Clupea pallasii 3 1 Conger myriaster 2 1 Epinephelus akaara 1 Histiopterus typus 1 Hypodytes rubripinnis 35 Kareius bicoloratus 1 Konosirus punctatus 2 Larimichthys polyactis 1 Lateolabrax japonicus Lateolabrax maculatus 2 26 Leiognathus nuchalis Mugil cephalus Muraenesox cinereus 1 Neoditrema ransonneti 1 Nibea albiflora 1 Oplegnathus fasciatus Pagrus major Paralichthys olivaceus Pennahia argentata 5 4 Platycephalus indicus 1 Pleuronectes yokohamae 1 Pleuronichthys cornutus Raja pulchra 1 Scomber japonicus 29 Sebastes inermis Sebastes schlegelii 1 Seriola lalandi 1 1 Stephanolepis cirrhifer 1 7 Takifugu niphobles 1 Takifugu pardalis 1 Takifugu snyderi 1 Thamnaconus modestus Thryssa kammalensis 1 2 Trachurus japonicus Zeus faber 1, (5-6 ). (T. japonicus)

7 여수연안이각망에어획된어류군집구조장기변화 n = 132 avg. = n = 1,144 avg. = n = n = 51 avg. = 18.5 avg. = n = n = 486 avg. = 8.6 avg. = n = n = 87 avg. = 6.4 avg. = Fork length (cm) Fork length (cm) Fig. 5. Length-frequency distributions of Trachurus japonicus caught by the both sides fyke net during a spring fishing period (May-June) for study area from 28 to 215.., Group 1( ) Group 2( ) (P<.5), (T. japonicus) (L. japonicus) 7 (Table 3)., (T. japonicus) ( ) (ES ). Kim et al. (211) (T. japonicus)., (T. japonicus)., Hun and An (22) ,, (T. japonicus)

8 78 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜 May n = 82 May n = 1, avg. = 18.3 avg. = June n = 67 7 June n = 1,99 avg. = 1. avg. = Fork length (cm) Fork length (cm) Fig. 6. Length-frequency distributions of Trachurus japonicus caught by the both sides fyke net in May and June in the years (left) and (right). Table 3. Species contribution (%) to average dissimilarity resulting from SIMPER between Group 1 (29-21 and 215) and Group 2 (28 and ) Species Average abundance Group 1 Group 2 Average dissimilarity Contribution (%) Cumulative (%) Lateolabrax japonicus Thamnaconus modestus Paralichthys olivaceus Trachurus japonicus Oplegnathus fasciatus Lateolabrax maculatus Pagrus major Sebastes inermis , (T. japonicus) (keystone species) (Mills et al., 1993).. 4 mm (Engraulis japonicus), (E. japonicus) (Cho et al., 214; Yoo et al., 215).,. FL 1. cm (T. japonicus) (Fig. 5). Kim et al. (211) FL 6. cm (T. japonicus). (T. japonicus) 5 (Kim et al., 211)., FL 1 cm

9 여수연안이각망에어획된어류군집구조장기변화 79., FL 15. cm (T. japonicus) 211 (Fig. 5). FL 15. cm (T. japonicus) 1 (FL 16.6 cm) (Nakashima, 1982)., (T. japonicus) ( 5% ) FL cm (Hotta and Nakashima, 1971) 26.6 cm (Cha et al., 29)., FL 15. cm (T. japonicus). 211 (T. japonicus)., , FL 15. cm. 19, FL 15 cm., cm (T. japonicus) ( ). Cha (29) cm (T. japonicus), 17., (T. japonicus)., Cha (29), FL 15. cm (T. japonicus) (Fig. 2, Table 2). (T. japonicus),,,. 사사 216 (, R21633),. References Anderson M. 21. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol 26, Cha BY. 29. Catch variation of a set net fishing ground in the coastal waters off Neungpo, Goeje Island. J Kor Soc Fish Tech 45, / KSFT Cha HK, Lee JB, Kang SK, Chang DS and Choi JH. 29. Reproduction of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus Temminck et Schlegel in the coastal waters around Jeju Island, Korea: Maturation and spawning. J Kor Soc Fish Tech 45, /KSFT Chao A, Chazdon RL, Colwell RK and Shen TJ. 26. Abundance-based similarity indices and their estimation when there are unseen species in samples. Biometrics 62, Cho SK, Song DH, Yoo JT, Choi MS and Cha BJ Comparison of fishing gears and catches by areas in the gape net with wings in Jeonnam, Korea. J Kor Soc Fish Technol 5(3), /KSFT Chyung MK The fishes of Korea. Iljisa Publishing Co, Seoul, Korea, Doi H and Okamura H Similarity indices, ordination, and community analysis tests using the software R. Ecol Soc Japan 61, 3-2. Harding JA, Ammann AJ and MacFarlane RB Regional and seasonal patterns of epipelagic fish assemblages from the central California Current. Fish Bull 19, Hotta H and Nakashima J Studies on the structure of the population of jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, in the western seas of Japan V. Analysis based on the spawning and maturity. Bull Seikai Reg Fish Res Lab 39, Hsieh HL and Li LA Rarefaction diverisity: a case study of polychaete communities using an amended fortran program. Zool Stud 37, Huh SH and An YR 22. Species composition and seasonal variation of fish assemblage in the coastal water off Gadeokdo, Korea. J Korean Fish Soc 35, Hurlbert SH The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology 52, Hwang JH, Yoo KH, Lee SH and Han KH. 28. Fluctuation in the abundance and species composition of fishes collected by a fyke net in the coastal waters of Geumo-do, Yeosu. J Kor Fish Soc 41, / kfas Jeong HH, Han KH, Kim CC, Yoon SM, Seo WI, Hwang SY and Lee SH. 25. Fluctuations in abundance and species composition of fishes collected by both sides fyke net in Dol-san, Yeosu. Korean J Ichthyol 17, Kim H, Choi M, Seo YI, Lee SK and Cha HK Recruitment characteristics of jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, in the waters around the Geumo Islands by using both sides fyke nets. J Kor Soc Fish Tech 47, org/ /KSFT Kim IS, Choi Y, Lee CL, Lee YJ, Kim BJ and Kim JH. 25. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co, Seoul, Korea, Kim YS, Han KH, Kang CB and Kim JB. 25. Commercial

10 71 유준택ㆍ김희용ㆍ송세현ㆍ김영혜 fishes of the coastal & offshore waters in Korea. National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan, Korea, Masaaki M On the influence of the sample size upon the values of species diversity. Japan J Ecol 46, Mills LS, Michael ES and Daniel FD The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. BioScience 43, Nakashima J On the growth and age of three populations of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus, in the western seas of Japan. Bull Seikai Reg Fish Res Lab, 57, Oksanen J and co-authors Vegan: community ecology package. R package version Retrieved from cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan on September 17. Yoo JT, Kim JK and Choi MS Changes of structure community of fish collected by agape net with wings after 12 years in the coast of Wando Island, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 47, KFAS Yoo JT, Kim YH, Song SH and Park S Monthly changes in the rate of bycatch fishes and their immature ration caught by gape net with wings in the coast of Yeosu and Jindo Island, Korea. J Korean Soc Fish Technol 52, dx.doi.org/1.3796/ksft Yoo JT, Seong KT and Kim YH Changes in the community structure of fish collected by a gape net with wings in the coastal waters of Jindo Island in response to a cold water appearance in the southwestern sea of Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48, / KFAS Yoon SC, Jeong YK, Zhang CI, Yang JH, Choi KH and Lee DW Characteristics of Korean coastal fisheries. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47, / KFAS Zhang CI. 22. Prospect of ecosystem-based fisheries resource management. J Korean Soc Fish Res 5, 73-9.

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