positiviη between ANA and either anti-ena or anti-dsdna was 7.%. Among patients with either positive anti-ena or positive anti-dsdna, we detected anti
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1 임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 1 권제 호 서울중앙병원에서시행된항핵항체와가용성향원겸샤결과의비교분석 서울중앙병원임상병리과 핵의학과 * 한태진 조영욱 검봉철 조병철 정윤영 오흥범 Analysis of the Results of ANA (Antinuclear antibody) and ENA (Extractable Nuclear Antigen) Tests Perfonned in Asan Medical Center Han, Tae Jin M.T., Cho, Young Uk M.D., Kim, Bong Cheol M.T., Cho, Byung Chul M.T., Chung, Yoon Young M.T*., Oh, Heung Bum M.D., Department oj Clinical Pathologν, Nudear Medicine*, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Back 맑 'ound : Antinuclear antibodies(ana) have high sensiti 때 for the dia 양 osis rheumatologic diseases, but have low specificiη of systemic relatively. Recently, we have used antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens(ena) additiona11y, which enabled us to determine what the ANA detected rea11y were. The purpose of this study was to examine frequencies of autoantibodies and clinica1 significances of them by ana1y 강 ng anti-dsdna tests. Methods: From Januaη, resu1ts of ANA, anti-ena and 1997 to March, 1998, the sera of 9 patients who were suspected that they have systemic rheumatologic diseases and 54 ones diagnozed as systemic lupus eηthematosus(sle) S - B, anti-scl7 이뻐 d anti-dsdna tests. were ana1yzed by performing ANA, anti-ena(anti-rnajsm, anti-ss - AjS Results : In 9 patients with suspicious systemic rheumatologic diseases, the concordance rate of positivity between ANA and anti-ena was.% and that of negativiη was.%. The positivity rate of anti-ena among patients with negative ANA was.9%. We detected anti-ss - AjRo in the rate of 41.%, anti-rnp 1.9%, anti-sm.4%, anti-ss - BjLa 1.% and anti-sc % among patients with positive anti-ena. Among 4 patients with positive anti-dsdna, there were cases with positive anti-ena. 17 patients had anti-ss - AjRo, 4 ones anti-scl7, ones anti-rnpjsm. In 54 patients with SLE, the concordance rate of - 7 -
2 positiviη between ANA and either anti-ena or anti-dsdna was 7.%. Among patients with either positive anti-ena or positive anti-dsdna, we detected anti-ss - AjRo in the rate of 1.5%, anti-ss - Aj dsdna.5% and anti-dsdna 17.5%. Conclusion : When the titer of ANA is above 1: 1 없d anti-ena is negative, the accurate identification of ANA specificity would be essentia1 by using en낌rme immunoassay or immunoblotting methods. The 1.9% positivity of anti-ena among ANA negative SLE patients suggests the possibi1ity of presence of ANA-negative SLE in spite of performing ANA test using HEp- cells. Kev Words : ANA, anti-ei 뼈, SLE 1. 서료르 L- 의연관성이보고되었다 [4-8]. 본연구에서는전신성류마티스질환의진단을 자가면역성질환의진단및추적관찰을위한위해의뢰된검체와 SLE 로진단된환자에게서 항핵항체 (antinuc1ear antibody, ANA) 는핵항원 에대한자가항체의총칭이다. 이는 1948 년 Har- ANA 와 ENA, 항 dsdna 항체 (anti-dsdna) 검 사를시행한결과를비교분석하여출현하는자 graves 등이전신성홍반성낭창 (systemic lupus 가항체의빈도와임상적유용성음알아보고자하 eηthematosus, SLE) 환자의골수에서 LE 세포였다. 를발견한이후 [1] LE 세포가 Deoxyribonuc1eoprotein 에대한항체에감작된변성핵이다형핵 II. 대상및방법 백혈구에의해탐식된결과로생긴다는것을발 견하면서알려지게되었다 []. 이후간접면역형 1. 연구대상 광법을이용하여 ANA 를검출하는방법이 개발 되었다 []. ANA는핵항원의종류에따라각각 1997 년 1 월부터 1998 년 월까지 15개월간 DNA, histones, nonhistones, 인 (nuc1e이i) 에서울중앙병원을방문하여 ANA와 anti-ena(anti- 대한자가항체로분류할수있다. 최근이들개 nrnp, anti-sm, anti-ss - AjSS - B, anti-sc17) 개항원에대한자가항체는각각의전신성류마및 anti-dsdna 검사를실시한 9 례와 SLE로티스질환의진단과치료에있어중요한표지항진단된환자 54 예를대상으로하였다. 체의역할을하는것으로알려지고있다. 이들 항원은생리식염수에의해용해되거나추출할수있기때문에가용성항원 (extractable nuc1ear antigen, ENA) 이라하였고, 면역확산법에의해서항 Sm 항체 (anti-sm), 항 nrnp 항체 (anti-. 방법 1) ANA 검사 HEp- Cell 을이용한 Fluoro HEPANA Test nrnp), 항 SS - AjRo 항체 (anti-ss - AjRo), 항 (MBL, Japan) 를사용하여제조원의술식대로 SS - BjLa 항체 (anti-ss - BjLa) 의존재가밝혀간접면역형광법으로검사하여 1:4 이상을양 졌으며이들항체와특정질병또는임상양상과 성으로판정하였다. 양성인경우혈청을계대회 - 8 -
3 Table 1. Positive rate of anti-ena according to the result of ANA tests in 9 patients 넓윤폭민밭十 Total + 8(.%) 177(5.%) 57(75.8%) (.9%) 79(.%) 8(4.%) Total 8(4.5%) 5(75.5%) 9(1%) 석하여반정량검사로역가를측정하였으며형광검사에서모두양성결과가나온경우는 8 예 형태는 speckled(s), discrete speckled(disc. (.%), ANA 검사는양성이면서 ENA 검사가 음성을보인경우는 177 예 (5.%), ANA 검사는 S), homogeneous(h), peripheral(p), nucleolar(n), mixed(m) pattern으로구분하였다. ) ENA 검사 anti-rnp, anti-sm, anti-ss - AjRo, anti-ss BjLa, anti-scl 7 에대하여는 ENA, ENA-, ENA-(MBL, Japan) 시약을사용하여이중면역 음성이면서 ENA 검사가 양성인 경우가 예 (.9%), 두 검사 모두 음성인 경우가 79 예 (.%) 였다. (Table 1). ENA 검사양성군에서의 ENA 종류와 ANA 역가및형태분석 확산법으로검사를하였다. 48~7 시간후에표 준혈청의침강선과환자의침강선이융합하는경우양성으로판정하였다. ) Anti-dsDNA 검사서울중앙병원핵의학과에서황화암모늄 (ammonium sulfate) 침전법을이용하는 Anti-dsDNA kit(ortho Clinical Diagnostic, Inc. USA) 를사용하여제조원의술식대로검사를시행하였으며, anti-dsdna값이 7 IUj 뼈이하인경우음성 ENA 검사양성인 8 예의환자들중 75 예 (9.4%) 가 1: 1 :4 의높은 ANA 역가를나타내었지만 1:4 이하인경우도 예있었다. ENA 종류별분포를살펴보면 anti- SS - AjRo 단독형이 4 례 (4 1. %) 로가장많았으며 anti RNP 단독형이 14 례 (1.9%), anti- Scl7 단독형이 1 례 (14.5%), anti-sm 단독형이 례 (.4%), anti-ss - BjLa 단독형이 1 례 (1. %) 였다. 나머지 례 (4.%) 는복합형이었다 (Table ). 으로판정하였다. ENA 검사양성인 8 예의 환자들의 ANA 형 태의분포는 speckled pattern 이 47 례 (5.%), III. 결과 homogeneous pattern 이 례 (4.1%), mixed pattern 이 11 례 (1.%), discrete speckled 1. ANA 검사결과어 따른 ENA 검사양성율 pattern 이 1 례 (1. %), nucleolar pattern 이 1 례 (1. %) 였다. Anti-RNP 양성인 14 예중 1 예 ANA와 ENA 검사를실시한총 9 예중두가 speckled pattem 이었고, anti-ss - AjRo 양 - 9 -
4 Table. Distribution of ANA titers in anti-ena positive patients ENA type RNP Sm SSA SSB Scl-7 RNPjSm RNPjSSA RNPjSmjSSA RNPjSSB RNPjSSAjSSB RNPjSmjSSAJSSB RNPjScl-7 SSAjSSB Total Number 14 (1.9%) (.4%) 4 (4 1.%) 1 (1. %) 1 (14.5%) (.%) 4 (4.8%) (.4%) 1 (1.%) (.%) 1 (1. %) (.4%) 4 (4.8%) 8(1%) <4 (.%) ANA titers 1:4-1:8 5 (.%) 1:1-1: (9.4%) Table. ANA Fluorescent pattern according to ENA type M -m --$ 없Scl-7 ENA type RNPjSm RNPjSSA RNPjSmjSSA RNPjSSB RNPjSSAjSSB RNPjSmjSSAjSSB RNPjScl-7 SSAjSSB Total Number Mn - -% 4 1 qu -Ail -끼4i -q니i -끼4-Ail 8 Ho 9 5 1l4 li (%) 야-u -잉1i (%) ANA patterns Disc.Sp Nu 1.(%) 1.(%) Mixed (Sp+Nu) 1(Sp+Nu) (Ho+Nu Ho+Sp Sp+Nu 1) l(ho+sp) l(sp+nu) 11 1.(%) Neg 앙면 1.(%) - 1 -
5 Table 4. Distribution of ANA titers in ANA positive and anti-ena negative patients Total <4 ANA titers 1:4~ 1:18 1:1~ 1:4 177(1%) O 45(5.4%) 1(74.%) 성인 4 예중 예는 speckled pattern, 9 예는 homogeneous pattern 이었다. Anti-Scl7 양성. Anti-dsDNA 양성환자들의 ANA와 ENA 검사결과분석 인 1 예 중 homogeneous pattern 이 5 예이었 으며, 예에서 mixed pattern을보였다. ANA Anti-dsDNA 검사에서양성인 4 예 중 ENA 검사음성군중에는 cytoplasmic pattern을보 검사양성인환자는 예 (7.%) 이었고, 이 중 인경우가 1 예있었다 (Table ). ANA 검사가양 예가 1: 1:4 의높은 ANA 역가를보였다. 성이면서 ENA 검사가음성인 177 예 중 1 예 ENA 검사양성인 예중 anti-ss - AjRo가 (74.%) 가 1: 1 :4 의 ANA 역가를보였으 17 예로가장높았으며, 이중 15 예에서 1:1 이 며 45 예 (5.4%) 만이 1:4:8 의낮은 ANA 역 상의 ANA 역가를나타내었다. 기타 anti-scl7 가를나타내었다 (Table 4). 이 4 예, anti-rnp jsm 이 예 등의순으로양성 분포를보였다 (Table 5). Table 5. Distribution of ENA types and ANA titers in anti-dsdna positive patients ENA Number ANA titers <4 1:4~ 1:8 1:1~ 1:4 Total anti-dsdna 4 4(1%) positive Total ENA positive j4(7.%) 1(.4%) 1(.4%) (71.4%) RNP Sm SSA SSB Scl RNPjSm O RNPjSSA RNPjSmjSSA RNPjSSB RNPjSSAjSSB RNP j Smj SSAj SSB RNPjScl-7 SSAjSSB
6 Table. Distribution of ANA patterns in anti-dsdna positive patients No.(%) Ho Sp Disc.Sp ANA pattems Nu Mixed Neg 4(1) Ho+Sp Sp+Nu Ho+Dics.Sp 1 Ho+Nu 1 Anti-dsDNA 양성인환자 4 예의 ANA 형태 별분포는 homogeneous pattem 이 17 예 (4.5%), speckled pattern 이 15 예 (5.7%), mixed pattern 이 7 예 (1.%) 순으로분포하였 다 (Table ). 4. SLE 환자에서의 ANA 검사결과에따른 ENA 검사양성율 SLE 로진단된 54 명의 환자중 ANA 검사가 양성일때 ENA 검사또는 anti-dsdna 도양성 인경우가 9 례 (7.% ), ANA 검사가양성이지 만 ENA 검사또는 anti-dsdna 는음성인경우 가 1 례 (4.1%) 가있었다 (Table 7). 5. ENA 검사또는 anti-dsdna 가양성인 SLE 환자에서의 및형태분석 ENA 종류와 ANA 역가 ENA 검사또는 anti-dsdna 가양성인 환자 4 례중 8 례 (95.%) 에서 ANA 역가가 1:1 이상이었고, ENA 종류의분포는 anti-ss - Aj dsdna 1 례 (.5%), anti-ss - AjRo 5 례 (1.5%), anti-sc1jdsdna 례 (7.5%) 등의순이 었으며, anti-dsdna 는 7 례 (17.5%) 에서양성으 로보였다 (Table 8). ENA 검사또는 anti-dsdna 가양성이면서 ANA 검사도양성인 9 례의환자 들의 ANA 형태를분석해보면 homogeneous pattern 14 예 (5.9% ), speckled pattern 19 례 (48.7%), mixed pattem 5 례 (1.8%), nuc1eolar pattern 1 례 (.%) 의순이었다 (Table 9). Table 7. Positive rate of ENA or anti-dsdna according to the resu1t of ANA tests in 54 SLE patients ANA ENA or anti-dsdna + Total + 9(7.%) 1(4.1%) 5(9.%) 1( 1.9%) 1( 1.9%) (.7%) Total 4(74.1%) 14(5.9%) 54(1%) - 1 -
7 Table 8. Distribution of ENA types and ANA titers in SLE patients with positive ENA or anti-dsdna ENA type RNP SSA dsdna RNPjSSA RNPjdsDNA SSAjSSB SSAjdsDNA ScljdsDNA RNPjSmjdsDNA RNPjSSAjSSB RNPjSSAjdsDNA RNPjSmjSSAjdsDNA RNPjSmjSSAjSSBjdsDNA Total Number 1 (.5%) 5 (1.5%) 7 (17.5%) 1 (.5%) 1 (.5%) 1 (.5%) 1 (.5%) (7.5%) (5%) 1 (.5%) (5%) (5%) 1 (1. 5%) 4 (1%) <1:4 1 (.5%) ANA titers 1:4~ 1:8 1 (.5%) 1:1~ 1: (95% ) Table 9. Distribution of ANA patterns and ENA types in SLE patients with positive ANA, ENA or anti-dsdna ENA type RNP SSA dsdna RNPjSSA RNPjdsDNA SSAjSSB SSAjdsDNA ScljdsDNA RNPjSmjdsDNA RNPjSSAjSSB RNPjSSAjdsDNA RNPjSmjSSAjdsDNA RNP jsmjssajssbj dsdna Total Number 띠 (1%) Ho nu --i -A냥, -A냥,-끼ιi i --- Sp 1 J, (Y o (5.9%) (48.7%) ANA patterns D K -p Nu - o - -o -o (%) nu --- (.%) Cyto nu (%) Mixed nu --i -끼4i i 5 (1.8%) - 1 -
8 IV. 고 찰 Anti-Sm은 19년 Tan과 Kunkel 이 SLE 환자에서처음으로침강항체 (precipitating anti- 전신성류마티스질환의진단에있어서자가항 body) 를발견하여해당항원에 Sm 이라명명하 체 특히 ANA의 검출이 중요하다는것은이미 였다 [7]. Anti-Sm는 SLE 환자에게서특이적으 널리알려진사실이다. 이를위해 HEp- 세포를 로나타나 5-% 에서발견되며 [1 ], 국내에서 기질로사용하는간접면역형광법이 선별검사로 는 DID 에서 15-% 의 빈도를보였다 [14, 15]. 많이이용되고있다. 지금까지 ANA 양성인경우 SLE 이외다른질환에서의 anti-sm 양성율은혼 와질병과의관계또는 ANA 역가나핵 형광형 재성교원병 (mixed connective tissue disease, 태와그임상적의의에관해서는많은연구가있 MCTD) 에서 %, 다발성근염 (polymyositis) 에 어 왔고 [9 ], 특히 SLE의 경우에는 ANA와의 연 서 1-5% 로보고된반면 [1, 17], Field M. 관성에대한많은보고들이있었다 [1]. ANA 검 등은이들질환들에서 anti-sm은검출되지않았 사가자가면역성질환이나면역반응관련질환에 다고하였다 [18]. 본연구에서 anti-sm 양성빈 서 매우예민한검사임은틀림없지만특이도가 도는단독형이.4% 였고공존형은 RNPjSm.%, 낮고정상인에서도비특이반응으로양성을보일 RNPjSmjSS - A.4%, RNPjSmjSS - AjSS- 수있는한계점에 있다 [11]. 근래 ANA의 특성 B 1. % 의 빈도로나타났다. SLE 환자에서는 및아형에대한연구가활발히진행된결과여러 anti-sm 단독형은 검출되지 않아 anti-sm의 가지검사방법이개발되었다. Anti-dsDNA검사 SLE 특이성은관찰되지않았다. SLE 이외다른 를위한 Farr assay, anti-sm, -nrnp, -SS- 질환과의관계는본연구에서조사되지않아앞 AjRo, -SS - BjLa, -Sc17 검사를위한이중면 으로더많은연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 역확산법 (double immunodiffusion, DI미과효 비 histone 핵추출물중두번째로발견된것 소면역법 (enzyme immunoassay, EIA), 각항 이 nrnp(u 1- RNP) 로서 RNase와 trypsin 에 의 체와반응하는분자량에따라그특성을파악할 해 파괴되는성질로미루어 anti-nrnp는 RNA 수있는면역블로팅법 (immunoblotting) 등이현 단백질복합체에대한항체로생각되어졌다 [19, 재 이용되고있는검사법들이다. 이 중 DID는 이. Anti-nRNP는주로 7kd A, C 단백질과 특별한장비없이간단히시행할수있는장점으 반응하며 [7, 1, ], SLE, 류마티스성관절염, 로널리이용되고있다. 쇼그렌증후군, 경피증, 혼재성교원병등여러 본연구에서 ANA 양성인환자는 75.8% 이었 질환에서나타난다 []. Anti-nRNP는보통 SLE 는데 ENA 검사와의양성일치율은.% 에불 의 4% 내외에서양성인것으로알려져 있으며 과하였고, 나머지 5.% 의 환자들은 ENA 검사 국내에서는 DID 에서 4.5%-4.% 의 빈도를 음성이었다.5.% 에해당하는환자의경우 SSAj 보이는것으로알려졌다 [14, 15]. 본연구에서도 Ro, SSBjLa, nrnp, Sm 및 Sc17 항원이아 ENA 검사양성군중 anti-nrnp 단독양성은 닌다른종류의 항원이 존재하거나 DID 에서의 1.9% 였고공존형의 대부분에서도 anti-nrnp 위음성으로생각된다. Bridges, AJ. 등은자가항 는양성으로보여다른보고자들과유사한빈도 체를 검출하는데 immunoblot과 EIA 그리고 를보였다. DID 의 민감도를각각 9%, 81%, 74% 로보고 Anti-SS - AjRo와 Anti-SS - BjLa는 SLE 에 하였다 [1]. 서 각각 % 와 1%, 쇼그렌증후군에서각각
9 % 와 5% 의양성율을보이는것으로알려져관찰된것은 HEp- cell 을이용한 ANA 검사에 있다. Anti-SS - AjRo 항체는아급성루프스와서도 ANA 음성인전신성홍반성낭창이있을 신생아루프스그리고동형접합성 C, C4 결핍수있음을시사하는것이라판단된다. 과연관되어있다고보고되었고 [7], 글로불린혈증, 또한고감마 류마티스인자, C1q 결합의증가 와도연관되어있다고보고된바있다 [1]. V. 요 Anti-SS - BjLa 는 DID 로겸사했을때 15% 배경 : 항핵항체 (antinu c1ear antibody, ANA) 에서발견된다고하고 [4], 국내에서는 DID 에서검사는전신성류마티스질환의진단에있어민 -9.4% 의빈도를보였다고한다. 본연구결과감도는높지만특이도는낮은편이다. 따라서끈 anti-ss - AjRo 단독형은 4 1. % 였으나 anti-s 래에는가용성항원 (extractable nuc1ear antigen, S - BjLa 단독형은 1. % 의빈도로나타났다 ENA) 검사를통하여항체특이성을밝혀자가면 SLE 환자에서는 anti-ss - AjRo 단독형이 1.5%, O~ --, 역질환의진단에도움을받고있다. 본연구에서 anti-ss - Aj dsdna 공존형으로.5% 의빈도는전신성류마티스질환의진단을위해의뢰된 로검출되었다. Anti-SS - BjLa 는단독형으로는 검체와 SLE 로진단된환자에게서 ANA 와 ENA, 검출되지않았고다양한조합의공존형으로검출항 dsdna 항체 (anti-dsdna) 검사를시행한결 되었다. 과를비교분석하여출현하는자가항체의빈도와 S c1 7 은 7kd 의항원으로 DNA topoiso- 임상적유용성을알아보고자하였다. merase 1 의분해산물인것으로알려져있다방법 : 1997 년 1 월부터 1998 년 월까지서울중 []. DID 에서피부경피증환자의 %, 악화된앙병원을방문하여자가항체검사를실시한 9 전신성피부경피증환자의 7% 가 anti-sc17 검체와 SLE 로진단된환자 54 명을대상으로 양성으로보고되었다 []. 본연구에서는 anti- ANA 와 anti-ena(anti-rnajsm, anti-ss - AjS Sc17 단독형이 14.5%, 공존형으로 anti-rnpj S c17 이.4% 의빈도로검출되었다. Anti-dsDNA 는면역복합체의 적인신장항원과의 침착또는직접 반응으로신장기능이상을 일으키고 [5 ], 보체감소와동반되었을때신염 과관련되어있음이알려저있다 []. 본연구에 서 anti-dsdna 단독형은 SLE 환자의 17.5% 에 서검출되었지만 anti-ss - Aj dsdna 형태로.5% 의빈도로나타나는등대부분은공존형 으로검출되었다. 본연구를통하여 ANA 역가가 1:1 이상이면 서 ENA 검사음성인경우 EIA 나 Immunoblot 검사를통하여 ANA 를정확하게동정하는과정 이 필요할것으로사료되고, SLE 환자에서 ANA 음성이면서 ENA 검사양성인경우가 1.9% 에서 S - B, anti-sc17) 및 anti-dsdna 검사를시행 하였다. 결과 : ANA 와 ENA 검사의양성일치율은.% 이었다. ANA 음성이지만 anti-ena 양성 인경우.9%, 두검사모두음성인경우가.% 을보였다. anti-ena 양성인환자들의종 류별분포는 anti- SS - A/Ro 4 1.%, anti-rnp 1.9%, anti-sm.4%, anti-ss - BjLa 1.%, anti-sc % 였다. Anti-dsDNA 양성군 (4 예 ) 중 anti-ena 양성인환자는 명으로 anti-s S-AjRo 17 예, anti-sc17 4 예, anti-rnpjsm 가 예를보였다. SLE 로진단된 54 명의 ANA 와 anti-ena 또는 anti-dsdna 와의양성일치율은 7.% 였고, anti-ena 또는 anti-dsdna 양성 인환자의 anti-ena 종류별분포는 anti-ss
10 AjRo 가 1.5%, anti-ss - Aj dsdna.5% 등이 었고, anti-dsdna 는 17.5% 의빈도로나타났다. 결론 : ANA 역가가 1:1 이상이면서 ENA 검사 음성인 경우효소면역법 (en 강 me immunoassay) 이나면역블로팅법 (Immunoblot) 을통하여 ANA 를정확하게동정하는과정이필요할것으로사 료되고, SLE 환자에서 ANA 음성이면서 ENA 검사양성인경우가 1.9% 에서관찰된것은 HEp- cell 을이용한 ANA 검사에서도 ANA 음 성인전신성홍반성낭창이있을수있음을시사 하는것이라판단된다. 참고문헌 1. Hargraves MM, Richmond H, Morton R : Presentation of two bone marrow elerrents: πle 떠 rt" cell and 'L.E. cell." Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin :5, Holman HR, Kunkel HG. Affinity between the lupus erythemato 년 serum factor and cell nuc1ei and nuc1oprotein. Science 1: 1-7, Friou GJ Clinical application of lupus serum nuc1eoprotein reaction using fluorescent antibody technique. J Clin Invest :89, Alspaugh MA, Tan EM Antibody to cellular antigens in Sjorgen s syndrome. J Clin Invest 55: 17 7, Clark G, Reichlin M, Tomasi TB: Characterization of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus. J Immunol 1:117, Deicher HRG, Holman HG: The precipitin reaction between DNA and a serum factor in ststemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 19:9714, Tan EM, Kunkel GH Characteristics of a soluble nuc1ear antigen precipitating with sera of patients with SLE. J Immunol 9:44, Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Tan EM. Mixed connective tissue disease an apparently diseases and probes for cell biology. Adv Immunol 44:951, Husain M, Neff J, Daily E, Townsend J, Lucas F Antinuc1ear antibodies Clinica1 significance of titers and fluorescence patterns. Am J Clin Pathol 1: 59, Barnett EV, North, Jr, AF, Condemi JJ, Jacox RF, Vaughan JH Antinuc1ear factors in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheu--matoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med : 1, Azizah MR. AzilaMN. Zulkifli MN. Norita TY. The prevalence of antinuclear, anti-dsdna, anti-sm and anti-rnp antibodies in agroup of healthy blood donors. Asian Pacific J of Allergy & Immunology. 14(): 15-8, 199 Dec. 1. Bridges AJ. Lorden TE. Havighurst TC: Autoantibody testing for connective tissue diseases. Comparison of immunodiffusion, immunoblot, and enzyme immunoassay. American J of C1inical Pathology. 18(4):4, 1997 Oct. 1. McMillan SA, Fay AC Evaluation of five commercial kits to detect dsdna antibodies. J Clin pathol 41:18,
11 14. 김호연, 박동준, 이경식, 김부성, 김도집, 이 창우 : 전신성홍반성루푸스에서의항 ENA 항체의출현빈도및임상적의의. 대한내과 학회잡지 (): 178, 박성환, 이상헌, 조철수, 김호연 : 전신성홍 반성낭창환자에서 immunoblot 법에의한 항 ENA 항체 조사 - 이중면역확산법과 immunoblot 법의비교. 대한류마티스학회지 :4-41, Froelich CJ, Wallman J, Skosey JL, Teodorescu M. Clinical value of an inte grated ELISA system for the detection of autoantibodies (ssdna, dsdna, Sm, RNPjSm, SSA and SSB). J Rheumatol 199; 17: Maddison PI, Skinner RP, Vlachoyiannopoulos P. Antibodies to nrnp, Sm, R 이 SS 페 and La(SSB) detected by ELISA: their specificity and inter-relationship in connective tissue disease sera. Clin Exp. 18. Field M, Williamms DG, Charles P. Specificity of anti-sm antibodies by ELISA for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1988;47: Sharp GC, Irvin Ws, Tan EM Mixed connective tissue disease An apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuc1ear antigen(ena). Am J Med 5:148,197.. Sharp GC, Irvin Ws, LaRoque RL: Association of autoantibodies to different nuc1ear antigen with c1inical patterns of rheumatic disease and responsiveness to therapy. J Clin Invest 5:5, Tan EM. Antinuc1ear antibodies: Diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and probes for cell biology. Adv Immunol. 1989; 44: Craft J. Antibodies to snrnps in systemic lupus erγthemato년. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 199;18: Notman DD, Kurata N, Tan EM: Profiles of antinuc1ear antibodies in systemic rhematic disease. Ann Intern Med 8: 44, Raz E, Brezis M, Rosenmann E, Ei1at D: Anti-DNA antibodies bind directly to renal antigens and induce kidney. J Immunol 14:7-8, Pettersson 1, Wang G, Smith EI, Wigzell H, Hedfors E, Horn J, Sharp GC The use of immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of (U) sma11 nuc1ear ribonuc1eoproteins in the analysis of sera of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythemato 년 Arthritis Rheum. 9: Beulieu A, Quismorio FP, Friou GJ, Vayuvegula B, Mirick B : IgG antibodies to double-stranded DNA in systemic lupus erγthematosus sera:lndependent variation of complement-f1xing activity and total antibody content. Arthritis Rheum :55-57,
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