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1 대한진단검사의학회지제 29 권제 2 호 2009 Korean J Lab Med 2009;29: DOI /kjlm Original Article Diagnostic Immunology 간접면역형광법을이용한항핵항체검사에서 Dense Fine Speckled 양상의임상적의의 강소영 이우인 경희대학교의과대학동서신의학병원진단검사의학과 Clinical Significance of Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Anti-nuclear Antibody Test using Indirect Immunofluorescence Method So Young Kang, M.D. and Woo-In Lee, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, The East-West Neo Medical Center, KyungHee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background : Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern in antinuclear antibody (ANA) test using indirect immunofluorescence method became to be known recently and it is detected in patients with various chronic inflammatory diseases as well as in healthy individuals. We investigated the relation between DFS pattern and various diseases. Methods : ANA tests by indirect immunofluorescence method using HEp-2 cell line slide (Kallestad; Bio-Rad, USA) were performed in 2,654 patients for screening of systemic autoimmune diseases. The frequencies of ANA and DFS positivity were analyzed according to sex, age, clinical department and disease. Results : ANA was positive in 13.3% (352/2,654) of the total patients, and the frequency of DFS pattern was observed in 3.8% (101/2,654) of the total patients and in 28.7% (101/352) of the patients with ANA positivity. Higher frequency of DFS positivity was observed in patients referred from Departments of Rheumatology and Nephrology, but there was no difference in the frequencies of DFS positivity among the patients with ANA positivity. The frequency of DFS pattern was higher in seborrheic dermatitis (14.3%), herpes zoster (11.1%), rheumatoid arthritis (16.9%), systemic lupus erythematosus (15.4%) and Sjogren syndrome (14.3%). Conclusions : The DFS pattern is a frequent finding (about 28% of ANA positivity) in ANA test using indirect immunofluorescence method. Relatively high frequency of DFS pattern was observed in autoimmune diseases, contrary to the previous observations that DFS pattern is not related with autoimmune diseases. Further studies including the confirmation tests of anti-dfs70 are needed for the identification of relation between DFS pattern and particular diseases. (Korean J Lab Med 2009;29: ) Key Words : Dense fine speckled pattern, Indirect immunofluorescence, Anti-nuclear antibody Received : April 8, 2008 Manuscript No : KJLM2127 Revision received : February 16, 2009 Accepted : March 12, 2009 Corresponding author : Woo-In Lee, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, The East-West Neo Medical Center, KyungHee University College of Medicine, 149 Sangil-dong, Gandong-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel : , Fax : wileemd@khu.ac.kr 서론항핵항체 (antinuclear antibody, ANA) 검사는다양한전신자가면역질환의선별검사로서, 대부분의검사실에서 ANA를검출하기위한검사법으로인간 HEp-2 세포주를기질세포로이용한간접면역형광법을사용한다. 형광현미경으로판독시전형 145

2 146 강소영 이우인 적인 Speckled 양상이나 Homogenous 양상과는달리간기세포의핵에서밀집성의미세한반점 (dense, fine speckles) 의형광염색을보이면서, 분열중기세포의염색체부위에서강한양성반응을보이는경우를경험하게되는데, 최근이러한특징적인 ANA 소견을 dense fine speckled (DFS) 양상이라고분류하고있다 [1]. 이러한 DFS 양상을초래하는항체에대한항원은 immunoblotting을통해 70 kda 단백으로확인되어 DFS70 이라명명되었으며, 곧이어 DNA-binding transcription coactivator p75 (p75) 및 lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) 와동일단백인것으로밝혀졌고, 이후이항체는항-DFS70 항체 (anti-dfs70) 로부르고있다 [2-4]. Anti-DFS70이사이질방광염 (interstitial cystitis) 환자의 25% 에서발견된것이보고된이후 [4], 아토피피부염및천식환자에서각각 30% 및 16% 의높은빈도로발견된다고보고된반면 [2], 다양한전신자가면역질환에서는 0-6.9% 로그빈도가낮은것으로보고되었다 [1, 2, 4-6]. 또한건강인을대상으로한연구에서건강인 597명중 20% 가 ANA 양성을보였는데이중 DFS (anti-dfs70) 가 11% 로이는전체 ANA 양성의 54% 를차지한다는놀라운보고가이어지면서 [7], anti-dfs70이전신자가면역질환과의연관성을갖는특이적자가항체라기보다는만성염증성질환이나종양환자및정상인에서도존재하는자연적자가항체라고여겨지게되었다 [1]. 그러나국내에서는아직까지 DFS 양상 ( 혹은 anti-dfs70) 을보이는사례보고나빈도연구는물론 DFS 양상 ( 혹은 anti-dfs70) 이갖는임상적의미에대한연구또한이루어지지않은상태이며, 간접면역형광법으로 ANA 검사를시행하는검사실에서 DFS 양상을 Homogenous나 Speckled 양상과구분하여 DFS로판독해야한다는지침이나공론이전혀이루어지지않은상태이다. 따라서본연구는전신자가면역질환선별검사목적으로 ANA 검사가의뢰된환자들을대상으로간접면역형광법을이용한 ANA 검사를시행하여 DFS 양상을보이는빈도를조사하고, 임상과별및질환별로 DFS 양상을보인환자들을분석하여특정질환과연관성을갖는지알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 2007년 5월부터 2008년 2월까지 10개월간병동및외래에서전신자가면역질환의선별검사목적으로 ANA 검사가의뢰된 2,654명의환자를대상으로하였다. ANA 검사를의뢰한주요임상과는피부과 (1,199건), 류마티스내과 (686건), 신장내과 (302건) 및신경과 (156건) 였고, 이외에나머지내과 (176건) 및기타과 (135건) 에서 ANA 검사가의뢰되었다. 대상환자들은여자 1,503명 ( 평균연령 43.2±17.3) 과남자 1,151명 ( 평균연령 37.1 ±17.2) 으로구성되었고, 1세부터 94세의연령대를보였으며연령대별분포는남녀각각 Table 1과같다. 2. 간접면역형광법을이용한 ANA 검사환자에서채취한모든혈청은 phosphate buffer solution (PBS, ph 7.3±0.1) 로 1:40 희석하여검사에이용하였고, 기질세포로는 HEp-2 세포슬라이드 (Kallestad; Bio-Rad, Redmond, USA) 를사용하여간접면역형광법으로 ANA 검사를시행하였다. 면역형광슬라이드자동제조장비인 PhD System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA) 을이용하여제조사 Table 1. The distribution of age of the patients whose sera displayed positive ANA and dense fine speckled pattern Age No. of patients Total Female Male ANA positive Total Female Male DFS positive* Total Female Male (13.1%) 9 (15.8%) 5 (10.0%) 4 (28.6%) 1 (11.1%) 3 (60.0%) (12.0%) 17 (16.8%) 14 (8.9%) 14 (45.2%) 8 (47.1%) 6 (42.9%) (11.1%) 35 (15.8%) 17 (6.9%) 20 (38.5%) 13 (37.1%) 7 (41.2%) (11.5%) 40 (17.0%) 14 (6.0%) 5 (9.3%) 4 (10.0%) 1 (7.1%) (13.8%) 63 (17.6%) 11 (6.1%) 20 (27.0%) 20 (31.7%) 0 (0.0%) (12.5%) 50 (16.5%) 9 (5.3%) 17 (28.8%) 14 (28.0%) 3 (33.3%) (19.9%) 56 (20.9%) 12 (4.1%) 21 (30.9%) 20 (31.0%) 1 (8.3%) Total 2,654 1,503 1, (13.3%) 270 (18.0%) 82 (7.1%) 101 (28.7%) 80 (29.6%) 21 (25.6%) P value *, The percentages of DFS pattern in patients with ANA positivity;, P value, chi square test or Fisher s exact test between age groups;, P values were obtained using a Bonferroni correction factor of 2. Abbreviations: ANA, anti-nuclear test using indirect immunofluorescence; DFS, dense fine speckled pattern.

3 Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Anti-nuclear Antibody Test 147 의지침에따라검사를시행하였고, 결과판독은 2명의진단검사의학과의사가각각 Nikon 형광현미경을이용하여 200배및 400배에서형광양상에따라판독하였다. 두판독자간에형광양상판독결과가일치하지않을경우재검및희석검사를시행하여다시각자재판독하였으며, 재판독에서도 DFS가관련된불일치가발생할경우 DFS 판독결과는수용하지않기로하였다. 판독상간기세포의핵에서밀집성의미세한형광반점 (dense fine speckles) 을보이면서, 분열중기세포의염색체부위에서양성소견을보일경우 DFS 양성으로정의하였고, 간기세포의핵에서형광반점을보이나분열중기세포의염색체부위에서음성소견을보일경우전형적인 speckled 양성으로정의하였다 (Fig. 1). DFS나 speckled 양상은각각구분하여역가와함께결과보고하였다. 3. 병록조회및통계분석 ANA 검사를시행한환자들을대상으로병록조사를시행하여검사의뢰과, 병력, 진단등을검토및분석하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS version 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 를이용하였으며, chi-square test 및 Fisher s exact test를이용하여성별, 연령대별, 임상과별및질환별로 DFS 양성빈도에차이가있는지 Bonferroni s correction 후분석하였다. 결과 1. 간접면역형광법으로시행한 ANA 결과분석 2,654명의환자중 ANA 양성률은 13.3% (352명 ) 로나타났고, 여자 ( 평균연령 45.4±18.1) 의양성률은 18% (270/1,503) 인반면남자 ( 평균연령 38.0±20.3) 의양성률은 7.1% (82/1,151) 로여자에서 ANA 양성률이의미있게높았다 (P<0.01). 전체환자에서연령대간에 ANA 양성률의차이를보이나 (P=0.009), 남녀각각에서는연령대간에 ANA 양성률의차이를보이지않았다 (Table 1). 전체환자중 DFS 양성률은 3.8% (101/2,654) 였고, ANA 양성자중에서 DFS 양성률은 28.7% (101/352) 를보였다. ANA 양성자중연령대별 DFS 양성률은여자 (P=0.048) 및남자 (P=0.016) 모두에서차이를보였다. 두판독자간의형광양상의판독불일치로재검및희석검사가시행된건수가 19건이었는데이중 DFS 관련이 15건이었으며판독자 1인은 DFS로판독한반면다른 1인은 Speckled 5 건, Homogenous 6건, Discrete speckled 2건, Speckled+ Homogenous 2건으로판독하여재검및희석검사를통해 8건은 DFS 로판독하였고나머지 7건은다른형광양상으로최종판독하였다. ANA 검사에서양성을보인 352명의면역형광양상의분포는 Table 2에서보듯이 Speckled (207명, 58.8%) 가가장많았으며이중 101명이 DFS (Fig. 1) 를보여 ANA 양성중에서 28.7% (101/352) 가 DFS를나타냈다. DFS 이외의다른형광양상을동시에보인환자가 5명으로이중 2명에서 Nucleolar, 또다른 2명에서 Multiple nuclear dots, 나머지 1명에서 Homogenous 양상이 DFS와동시에나타났다. Table 2. The distribution of indirect immunofluorescence patterns in 352 ANA positive patients* ANA patterns A Fig. 1. (A) Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis in ANA test using indirect immunofluorescense method with HEp-2 cells slides ( 400). The features of DFS pattern was characterized by dense, fine speckles in nucleus in interphase and strong staining of chromosome region in mitotic cells in metaphase. (B) Typical speckled pattern with nuclear speckles in interphase cells and negative staining of chromosome region in mitotic cells ( 400). B Speckled 207 (58.8%) Dense fine speckled 101 (28.7%) Typical speckled 106 (30.1%) Homogenous 43 (12.2%) Nucleolar 51 (14.5%) Discrete speckled 14 (4.0%) Cytoplasmic 45 (12.8%) Others 14 (4.0%) *, The sum of ANA patterns exceeded the number of patients with positive ANA results because several patients had more than one pattern.

4 148 강소영 이우인 2. 임상과별결과분석 ANA 검사를의뢰한임상과별로 ANA 결과를분석했을때 ANA 양성빈도는임상과간에통계적으로의미있는차이를보여 (P<0.01), 류마티스내과및신장내과에서각각 16.5% (113/ 686) 및 18.2% (55/302) 로전체 ANA 양성률인 13.3% 보다높 Table 3. The distribution of clinical department of patients requested ANA test Department No ANA positivity (%) DFS pattern (%)* Dermatology 1, (9.6) 39 (3.3, 33.9) Rheumatology (16.5) 36 (5.2, 31.6) Nephrology (18.2) 17 (5.6, 30.9) Neurology (8.3) 2 (1.3, 15.4) Others (18.0) 7 (2.3, 12.5) Total 2, (13.3) 101 (3.8, 28.7) P value < , *, The percentages of DFS pattern in total patients of each department and patients with ANA positivity, respectively;, P value, chi-square test between clinical departments;, P value was obtained using a Bonferroni correction factor of 2. 게나타났다 (Table 3). 전체환자중 DFS 양성빈도는임상과간에차이를보여 (P=0.015), 류마티스내과와신장내과에서전체 DFS 양성률보다높게나타난반면, ANA 양성자중임상과간의 DFS 양성률의차이는관찰되지않았다 (P=0.064). 또한피부과, 류마티스내과및신장내과에서 ANA 양성인환자의 1/3 정도가 DFS 양성을보이는것으로나타났다. 101명의 DFS 양성환자의 ANA 역가를분석한결과 90명 (89.1%) 이 1:80 이하를보였으며임상과별및질환별분포는 Table 4와같다. 3. 각임상과의질환별결과분석임상과별로 ANA 검사가의뢰된모든환자들을질환별로분류하여 ANA 및 DFS 양성률 (Table 4) 을조사한결과피부과의경우질환별로 ANA 양성률의차이를보여 (P<0.01), 알레르기접촉피부염 (22.8%, 23/101) 및지루피부염 (21.4%, 3/14) 등의순으로 ANA 양성을보였다. DFS 양성률역시질환별로차이를보여 (P<0.01), 지루피부염 (14.3%, 2/14), 대상포진 (11.1%, 6/54), 알레르기접촉피부염 (7.9%, 8/101), 아토피피부염 (6.8%, 5/74), Table 4. The clinical diagnosis and frequency of ANA positivity and DFS pattern in patients classified by clinical departments Clinical diagnosis No of patients No of ANA positivity (%) No of DFS pattern (%)* ANA titer 1:40 1:80 1:160 1:320 Dermatology 1, Allergic contact dermatitis (22.8) 8 (7.9, 34.8) 6 2 Herpes zoster 54 9 (16.7) 6 (11.1, 66.7) 6 Atopic dermatitis 74 7 (9.5) 5 (6.8, 71.4) 4 1 Androgenic alopecia (6.0) 5 (1.4, 22.7) 3 2 Alopecia areata (12.1) 4 (3.2, 26.7) 2 2 Seborrheic dermatitis 14 3 (21.4) 2 (14.3, 66.7) 2 Urticaria (8.0) 1 (0.9, 11.1) 1 Others (7.7) 8 (2.3, 29.6) 8 P value <0.01 < Rheumatology Rheumatoid arthritis (36.9) 11 (16.9, 45.8) Ankylosing spondylitis (11.5) 4 (4.6, 40.0) 4 Systemic lupus erythematosus (76.9) 2 (15.4, 20.0) 2 Sjogren syndrome 7 5 (71.4) 1 (14.3, 20.0) 1 Systemic sclerosis 2 2 (100) 0 (0, 0) Behcet s disease 7 0 (0) 0 (0, 0) Raynaud s phenomenon 4 0 (0) 0 (0, 0) No systemic autoimmune disease (12.4) 18 (3.6, 29.0) P value < NS Nephrology Neurology Others *, The percentages of DFS pattern in patients with particular disease and in patients with ANA positivity, respectively;, P value, Fisher s exact test with a Bonferroni correction factor of 8 or 16 between disease groups in each department of Dermatology and Rheumatology. Abbreviation: NS, non-significant.

5 Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Anti-nuclear Antibody Test 149 원형탈모증 (3.2%, 4/124) 등의순으로 DFS 양성을보였다. ANA 양성환자중피부과질환별 DFS 양성률은차이를보이지않았으며 (P=0.64), 아토피피부염 (71.4%, 5/7), 대상포진 (66.7%, 6/ 9), 지루피부염 (66.7%, 2/3) 의경우 ANA 양성자의 60% 이상에서 DFS 양성을보였고나머지알레르기접촉피부염 (34.8%, 8/ 23), 원형탈모증 (26.7%, 4/15) 및남성형탈모증 (22.7%, 5/22) 등의순으로 ANA 양성중 DFS 양성을나타냈다. 류마티스내과의경우도질환별로 ANA 양성률의차이를보여 (P<0.01), 전신경화증 (100%, 2/2), 전신홍반루푸스 (76.9%, 10/ 13), 쇼그렌증후군 (71.4%, 5/7) 등의양성률을보였으며, DFS 양성률역시질환별로차이를보여 (P=0.024), 류마티스관절염 (16.9%, 11/65), 전신홍반루푸스 (15.4%, 2/13), 쇼그렌증후군 (14.3%, 1/7), 강직성척추염 (4.6%, 4/87) 의빈도를보였다. ANA 양성환자중류마티스내과의질환별 DFS 양성률은차이가없는것으로나타났고 (P=1 이상으로무의미 ), 류마티스관절염 (45.8%. 11/24), 강직성척추염 (40%, 4/10), 전신홍반루푸스 (20%, 2/10), 쇼그렌증후군 (20%, 1/5) 등의빈도를나타냈다. ANA 양성환자중 DFS 양성을보인 36명의류마티스내과환자중 18 명은활막염이나섬유근육통등을앓거나, 관절통혹은구강점막궤양등의증상은있으나전신자가면역질환으로는진단되지않은환자들이었다. 신장내과환자중 DFS 양성을보인경우는무증상반복성혈뇨환자가 6명, 루푸스콩팥염 2명, 요로감염 2명등이었고나머지환자는당뇨병콩팥병증, 옆구리통증이나부종을호소한환자등이었다. 고찰 1994년 Ochs 등 [6] 이사이질방광염환자를대상으로 HEp-2 세포주를기질세포로간접면역형광법을이용하여 ANA 검사를시행한결과간기세포의핵에서조밀하고밀집된형광반점염색 (dense fine speckles) 을보이면서분열중기세포의염색체부위에서형광염색양성반응을보여, 분열중기세포의염색체부위에서형광염색음성인전형적인 Speckled 양상과는뚜렷이다른새로운 ANA 양상인 DFS를처음보고하였다. 간접면역형광법에서이러한양상을보이는혈청으로시행한 immunoblotting 검사에서이항체가 70 kda의단백이라는사실이밝혀지면서 anti-dfs70이라명명되었고 [2], 단백서열데이터베이스분석에서 DFS70이 DNA-binding transcription coactivator p75 및 LEDGF와동일한단백이라는것이밝혀지게되었다 [3, 4]. DFS70/LEDGF/p75 ( 이하 DFS70) 는다양한세포에서열충 격이나산화스트레스등의환경스트레스에대항하여세포의생존및성장을증진시키는역할을수행하는생존인자로알려진핵단백이다 [8]. 전사보조활성체 (transcription coactivator) 로서열충격및스트레스관련유전자의촉진자 (promoter) 에부착하여이들유전자의발현을촉진시키는역할을수행하여, 열충격단백, 항산화단백및해독효소같은단백을증가시켜스트레스로인한세포자멸을억제시킨다 [7, 9]. 또한 DFS70은사람면역결핍바이러스감염시바이러스의인테그라제 (integrase) 와상호작용하여바이러스복제의보조인자역할을하는것으로도알려져있다 [10]. 이러한기능을수행하는 DFS70은 DNA 결합단백이기때문에간접면역형광법을이용한 ANA 검사에서간기세포의핵질및분열중기세포의염색체부위에서밀집된염색양상을보이게된다 [8]. 또한피부절편을이용한연구에서 DFS70은기저표피세포에서는핵내에존재하나과립층세포에서는세포질에존재하는것으로나타나세포분화과정중핵에서세포질로전위가일어난다고하였다 [5]. 이렇게 DFS70이중요한생물학적기능을가진자가항원인것은밝혀졌으나, anti-dfs와특정질환과의확실한관련성이밝혀지지는않은상태이다. 지금까지의보고에의하면 anti- DFS70은아토피피부염 (30%) [2], 천식 (16%) [2], 사이질방광염 (9%) [2], 건선 (4.5%) [2], 원형탈모증 (20%) [11], Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada 질환 (66.7%) [12], Behcet씨병 (34.4%) [12], 사르코이드증 (25%) [12] 등의다양한만성염증성질환에서발견되었고, DFS70이전립선종양조직에풍부하여전립선암환자에서 anti-dfs70이발견된다는보고도있었다 [13]. 또한건강인에서 HEp-2 세포주를이용한간접면역형광법에의한 ANA 검사상양성률이높게는 30% 까지라는보고들이있는데, 최근일본에서건강인 597명을대상으로한연구에서 ANA 양성률이 20% 였고, ANA 양성자중에서는무려 54% 가, 전체건강인중에서는약 10% 가 anti-dfs70 양성을보여건강인에서가장흔한 ANA라고보고하였다 [7]. 그러나 anti-dfs70은전신자가면역질환에서는낮은빈도 (1.5%) 로발견되어쇼그렌증후군 (7-11%) 을제외한전신홍반루푸스 (0-6%), 피부근육염 / 다발근육염 (0-5%), 전신경화증 (0.6%), 류마티스관절염 (0%) 등의전신자가면역질환에서낮은양성률을보이는반면 [1, 2, 7, 14], 건강인에서는높은빈도로 (11-22%) 발견되어 [7, 12], anti-dfs70은전신자가면역질환과의연관성을갖는특이적자가항체라기보다는만성염증성질환이나종양환자및정상인에서과량으로생산된자연적자가항체로여겨지기도한다 [1, 15]. 이에따라 anti-dfs의존재는전신자가면역질환을배제하는데이용할수있다는연구결과가나오기에이르렀다 [14].

6 150 강소영 이우인 본연구에서는건강인을포함시키지않고전신자가면역질환의선별목적으로 ANA 검사가시행된환자들만을대상으로했기때문에지금까지보고된건강인에서의빈도와비교할수는없었다. 그러나본연구결과에의하면전체 ANA 검사중 ANA 양성률은 13.3% 였고이들 ANA 양성환자의 28.7% 가 DFS 양성이라는사실만으로도 DFS 양상이일상적인 ANA 검사에서흔하게발견되는소견임을알수있었다. 여자에서 ANA 양성빈도가높아 DFS 양성역시여자에서더많이발견되나 ANA 양성인환자중에서는남녀비슷한빈도로 DFS 양성이발견됐다. 또한기존의보고에서는피부과질환중아토피피부염 (30%) [2] 및원형탈모증 (20%) [11] 에서 anti-dfs70이발견된다고하였으나본연구에서는각각 6.8% 및 3.2% 의낮은 DFS 양성빈도를보인반면대상포진 (11.1%) 과지루피부염 (14.3%) 에서높은 DFS 양성소견을보였다. 또한전신자가면역질환에서류마티스관절염환자의16.9% 에서 DFS 양성소견이나타나 anti-dfs70 양성률이 0% 였다는기존의보고와는다른연구결과를보여주었고, 전신홍반루푸스에서도 DFS 양성이 15.4% 로 anti-dfs70 양성률이 0-6% 라는기존의보고보다높게관찰되는양상을보여주었다. 7-11% 의 anti-dfs70 양성을보인다고알려진쇼그렌증후군의경우는 14.3% 로비슷한 DFS 양성결과를보였고, 기존의보고에서거의언급되지않았던강직성척추염환자에서도 DFS 양성이 4.6% 관찰되었다. 검사의복잡성및상품화된검사키트의미비로인해간접면역형광법에서 DFS 양성을보인혈청에대해 DFS70 재조합단백등을이용한 immunoblotting 이나 ELISA 등의확인검사를시행하지못했기때문에본연구에서관찰된모든 DFS 양성을초래한항체가모두 anti-dfs70 이라고단정할수없고, 간접면역형광법에사용되는 HEp-2 세포슬라이드의제조사별로 DFS 발현의차이나판독자의주관에의한변이를배제할수없으나그간의많은보고들에서간접면역형광법에서 DFS 양성을보인경우대부분대응항원이 DFS70 으로규명됐다는점을고려할때본연구에서비교적높은빈도로전신자가면역질환 ( 특히류마티스관절염 ) 에서 DFS 양성이나타났다고추측할수있다. 그러나 DFS 역가를분석한결과일부류마티스관절염환자에서 1:320 이상의높은역가를보인몇몇경우를제외하고는대부분의환자에서 1:80 이하의낮은역가를보여임상적으로큰의미를부여할수없었다. 따라서건강인뿐만아니라좀더많은대상수를포함하는전신자가면역질환 ( 특히류마티스관절염 ) 환자들에대해간접면역형광법및상기한확인검사를시행하여특정질환에서 anti-dfs70의양성빈도가높은것인지또한 anti-dfs70의존재가각질환에어떤임상적의미가있는지객관화하여연구할필요가있다. 아직까지 DFS 양상이갖는임상적의의나중요성이확실히밝혀지거나부각되지않은상황이기에간접면역형광법으로 ANA 검사를시행하는각검사실에서 DFS 양상을별도로보고하는지아니면 Homogenous 혹은 Speckled 양상으로보고하는지에대해정확한현황을파악하기어렵지만짐작하건대후자에속하는경우가많으리라생각되며본연구에서제시한자료가정확한 DFS 빈도라고할수는없으나국내에서대략적인빈도를파악하는데도움이된다고판단된다. 비록본연구에건강인이포함되지는않았지만저자들이내린결론은 DFS 양상은피부과질환에서류마티스관절염등의전신자가면역질환에이르기까지다양한질환에서발견되며, 반복성무증상혈뇨나관절통등의비특이적증상만있고특정한진단을내릴수없었던많은환자들에서도발견되는등상당히광범위하고이질적인임상적스펙트럼을갖는다는것이다. 비록확인검사의미시행으로간접면역형광법으로시행한 ANA 검사에서 DFS 양상을초래한원인항체가 anti-dfs70임을증명할수없었으나류마티스관절염등의전신자가면역질환에서 anti- DFS70의양성률이낮다는기존의보고들보다높은빈도로 DFS 양상이발견되었다. 따라서 DFS 양상과특정질환과의연관성유무를확인하기위해건강인을포함하여좀더많은질환군에대해간접면역형광법과 anti-dfs70 확인검사를통한연구가뒤따라야할것으로판단된다. 요약배경 : 최근간접면역형광법을이용한항핵항체 (ANA) 검사에서특징적인 dense fine speckled (DFS) 양상이각종만성염증성질환외에도정상인에서까지발견되는것으로알려졌다. 저자들은 ANA 검사가의뢰된환자들에서 DFS 양상을보이는환자들의빈도를조사하고, 임상과별및질환별로 DFS 양상을보인환자들을분석하여특정질환과의연관성이있는지살펴보고자하였다. 방법 : 전신자가면역질환의선별검사목적으로 ANA 검사가의뢰된 2,654명의환자를대상으로 HEp-2 세포슬라이드 (Kallestad TM ; Bio-Rad, Redmond, WA, USA) 를사용한간접면역형광법으로 ANA 검사를시행하였다. ANA 양성및 DFS 양성빈도를성별, 연령별, 임상과별및질환별로분석하였다. 결과 : 2,654명중 DFS 양성은 101명 (3.8%) 으로나타났고이는 ANA 양성 (352명, 13.3%) 의 28.7% 인것으로나타났다. 임상과간비교에서 DFS 양성빈도는류마티스내과및신장내과에서높았고, ANA 양성자중 DFS 양성빈도의차이는관찰되지

7 Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Anti-nuclear Antibody Test 151 않았다. 피부과의경우지루피부염 (14.3%) 및대상포진 (11.1%) 환자에서 DFS 양성빈도가높았고, 류마티스내과의경우류마티스관절염 (16.9%), 전신홍반루푸스 (15.4%) 및쇼그렌증후군 (14.3%) 에서 DFS 양성빈도가높았다. 결론 : DFS 양상은간접면역형광법을이용한 ANA 검사에서양성건수의약 28% 를차지할정도로빈번히관찰되는소견으로나타났다. DFS 양상과자가면역질환과의연관성이없다는기존의보고와달리본연구에서높은양성률을보이므로특정질환과의연관성유무를확인하기 anti-dfs70 확인검사를포함하는연구가뒤따라야할것으로판단된다. 참고문헌 1. Ganapathy V and Casiano CA. Autoimmunity to the nuclear autoantigen DFS70 (LEDGF): what exactly are the autoantibodies trying to tell us? Arthritis Rheum 2004;50: Ochs RL, Muro Y, Si Y, Ge H, Chan EK, Tan EM. Autoantibodies to DFS 70 kd/transcription coactivator p75 in atopic dermatitis and other conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105: Ge H, Si Y, Roeder RG. Isolation of cdnas encoding novel transcription coactivators p52 and p75 reveals an alternate regulatory mechanism of transcriptional activation. EMBO J 1998;17: Singh DP, Ohguro N, Kikuchi T, Sueno T, Reddy VN, Yuge K, et al. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor: effects on growth and survival of lens epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;267: Sugiura K, Muro Y, Nishizawa Y, Okamoto M, Shinohara T, Tomita Y, et al. LEDGF/DFS70, a major autoantigen of atopic dermatitis, is a component of keratohyalin granules. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127: Ochs RL, Stein TW Jr, Peebles CL, Gittes RF, Tan EM. Autoantibodies in interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1994;151: Watanabe A, Kodera M, Sugiura K, Usuda T, Tan EM, Takasaki Y, et al. Anti-DFS70 antibodies in 597 healthy hospital workers. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50: Dellavance A, Viana VS, Leon EP, Bonfa ES, Andrade LE, Leser PG. The clinical spectrum of antinuclear antibodies associated with the nuclear dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern. J Rheumatol 2005;32: Shinohara T, Singh DP, Fatma N. LEDGF, a survival factor, activates stress-related genes. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002;21: Maertens G, Cherepanov P, Pluymers W, Busschots K, De Clercq E, Debyser Z, et al. LEDGF/p75 is essential for nuclear and chromosomal targeting of HIV-1 integrase in human cells. J Biol Chem 2003;278: Okamoto M, Ogawa Y, Watanabe A, Sugiura K, Shimomura Y, Aoki N, et al. Autoantibodies to DFS70/LEDGF are increased in alopecia areata patients. J Autoimmun 2004;23: Yamada K, Senju S, Shinohara T, Nakatsura T, Murata Y, Ishihara M, et al. Humoral immune response directed against LEDGF in patients with VKH. Immunol Lett 2001;78: Daniels T, Zhang J, Gutierrez I, Elliot ML, Yamada B, Heeb MJ, et al. Antinuclear autoantibodies in prostate cancer: immunity to LEDGF/ p75, a survival protein highly expressed in prostate tumors and cleaved during apoptosis. Prostate 2005;62: Muro Y, Sugiura K, Morita Y, Tomita Y. High concomitance of disease marker autoantibodies in anti-dfs70/ledgf autoantibodypositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Lupus 2008; 17: Bizzaro N, Tonutti E, Visentini D, Alessio MG, Platzgummer S, Morozzi G, et al. Antibodies to the lens and cornea in anti-dfs70- positive subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1107:

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