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1 대한내과학회지 : 제 71 권제 3 호 2006 심실빈맥의임상양상및예후 연세대학교의과대학내과학교실, 심장혈관병원심장내과, 심혈관연구소 김진배 정보영 김종윤 김대혁 안신기 이문형 김성순 =Abstract= Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Korean patients with ventricular tachycardia Jin-Bae Kim, M.D., Boyoung Joung, M.D., Jong-Youn Kim, M.D., Dae Huyk Kim, M.D., Shinki Ahn, M.D., Moon Hyoung Lee, M.D. and Sung Soon Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Cardiology division, Cardiovascular center, Cardiovascular research institute, Seoul, Korea Background : Although the determination of etiology is crucial for the management of ventricular tachycardia (VT), there have been few studies on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with ventricular tachycardia in Korea. Previous studies on Western populations have shown that ischemic VT is the most common type arrhythmia; however, the incidence of ischemic heart disease in Korea is lower than in Western culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Korean patients with VT. Methods : From January 1999 to December 2002 patients who were diagnosed with VT by ECG or confirmed by electrophysiological studies were enrolled. Hospital records were reviewed for the clinical characteristics which included: demographic features, underlying disease, clinical presentation, ECG features and prognosis in 136 patients who visited our emergency room or out patient clinic. Results : There were 100 men and 36 women (mean age ). The most common presenting symptom was palpitation (56.6%), which was followed by chest pain and syncope. The most common type of VT was idiopathic VT (54.4%); ischemic VT was found in 29 cases (21.3%) and dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 16 cases (11.8%). For all types of VT, the idiopathic VT showed the best prognosis and cardiac function (p<0.05). RFCA (Radiofrequency catheter ablation) was the best treatment option for treatment of idiopathic VT (p<0.05). Conclusions : These findings suggest that idiopathic VT may be the most common type of VT in Korean patients; it usually originates form either the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or the LV. The response to treatment and prognosis was poor in VT patients who had underlying heart disease; however, the prognosis was excellent for those with idiopathic VT.(Korean J Med 71: , 2006) Key Words : Ventricular tachycardia, Clinical characteristics, Prognosis Received : Accepted : Correspondence to : Moon-Hyoung Lee, MD. PhD, Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, #134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul , Korea mhlee@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr *This study was presented at the 54 th congress of the Korea Association of Internal Medicine in Seoul, Korea, on 25 th Oct,
2 -Jin-Bae Kim, et al : Clinical characteristics of ventricular tachycardia - 서론심실빈맥 (Ventricular tachycardia: VT) 은심실에서기원하며정상전도로를경유하지않는연속된 3회이상의심실에서유래한박동을의미하며보통 QRS가 120 ms 이상의넓은 QRS을보인다 1). 심실빈맥을분류함에있어서지속시간 (30초기준 ) 에따라지속성과비지속성, 빈맥의형태에따라단일형과다형, 빈맥의발작당시혈역학적상태에따라안정형과불안정형으로구분할수있으며이외에도여러기준으로분류가가능하다 2). 원인으로는여러가지다양한양상을보이는데서구에서는허혈성심질환이가장많은원인으로알려졌으며 3) 그외에도심근병증, 심판막증, 선천성심질환, 다른내과적질환이나약물에의해서도나타나는것으로알려져있다. 임상적으로심실빈맥의발작시혈역학적으로안정적인상태로발현할수있으나심실세동으로발전되어제세동이필요한상태에이르는등의다양한임상양상을나타나게된다. 심실빈맥의임상양상에대해우리나라에서는이상록등 4) 이 66명의환자로보고한바있으며강웅철등 5) 이임상심전기생리학적검사까지시행한 150명의심실빈맥환자의 EKG상특성과전기생리적특성에대하여기술한바가있고동양의보고로는일본에서 Ikeda 6) 와 Ebe 등 7) 이자국내환자의임상양상및전기생리학적특성에대해보고한바가있는데허혈성심실빈맥보다기질적원인이없는특발성심실빈맥이가장많아임상양상이서구와다름을보고하였다. 하지만많은문헌이나연구가서구사회에많은허혈성심질환에의한심실빈맥위주로진행되어한국인을대상으로하는연구가부족한양상이었다. 또한치료에대해서는심실빈맥의병태생리가규명됨에따라새로운치료법이도입되어많은변화가있었으며서구에서는각종치료에대한여러연구가이루어졌으며진행중이기도하다. 특히삽입형제세동기 (Implantable cardioverter defibrillator: ICD) 의시행이보편화되면서이의효과및이로인한예후의변화에따라많은연구가이루어지고있는데 MADIT trial 22) 이나 AVID trial 등 23) 에서약물치료에비해향상된사망률을보고한바있으나국내에서아직은시술횟수가적어아직체계적인보고조차없는실정이다. 다른치료법에따른예후도국내에서는거의알려진바가없어서구의연구에따른치료지침에답습하는실정이다. 이에저자등은국내심실빈맥환자들의특성및임상양상그리고치료법의변화에따른예후를파악하여서구및일본등과어떠한차이가있는알아보고자하였으며전극도자절제술 (Radiofrequency catheter ablation: RFCA) 및약물치료, 삽입형제세동기, 기타치료법에따른예후를비교하여그치료효과를비교분석하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 1999년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 4년동안연세대학교의과대학부속연세의료원세브란스병원에서심실빈맥이기록된환자로입원치료받았거나외래내원하여검사및치료를받았던환자들을대상으로하였으며심실빈맥발작당시 ECG가없는경우는제외하였고, 입원환자로사망당시나타나는다형심실빈맥은제외하였다. 2. 방법외래및입원의무기록을분석하여환자의나이, 성별, 가족력, 과거력, 동반질환및내원당시 EKG 특징과발작당시의증상과 EKG상특징, 즉각치료의필요성여부를파악하였으며즉각치료라함은심실제세동 (defibrillation) 이필요하였던경우로정의하였으며심실빈맥의진단을위해시행하였던심초음파, 운동부하검사, 기립경사검사, isoproterenol 주입검사, holter 검사및관상동맥조영술과전기생리학검사 (electrophysiologic study) 소견등을파악하였다. 또한치료방법, 투여한항부정맥제의종류, 재발여부, 사망여부를파악하였다. 총연구대상환자는 136명이었으며이중 17명은추적관찰되지않아분석에서제외되었다. 임상증상은심실빈맥발작시의증상을조사하여무증상, 심계항진, 호흡곤란, 현기증, 실신, 돌연사등으로구분하였고, 지속적인빈맥의기준은 30초이상지속되거나저절로중단되지않고투약이나직류전기충격에의해서만중단되는빈맥으로하였으며그렇지않은경우는비지속성심실빈맥으로정의하였다. 기저심질환은허혈성심질환, 원발성심근병증, 선천성심질환, 판막성심질환, long QT 증후군, Brugada 증후군에의한
3 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 71 권제 3 호통권제 553 호 심실빈맥으로구분하였으며, 기저심질환이없었던경우는특발성심실빈맥으로구분하였다. 진단을위한검사로심초음파, 운동부하검사, 기립경사검사, isoproterenol 주입검사, holter 검사및관상동맥조영술과전기생리학검사등을시행하였는데운동부하검사는 Bruce protocol, 혹은 modified Bruce protocol에의해서시행되었고, isoproterenol 주입검사는 1 μg/min에서 5 μ g/min까지시행하였으며필요에따라증량하기도하였다. 전기생리학검사는본교실의방법을사용하였다 8). 허혈성심질환의경우는심근경색과협심증을포함하여관상동맥질환의증거가있는경우로하였으며관상동맥질환이라함은협심증과함께관상동맥조영술에서 50% 이상의내강협착이있는경우와심근경색의정의에합당한경우로한정하였다. 심근병증은원인이없는특발성비후성또는확장성심근병증으로하였고판막성심질환은일차적인판막의이상으로역류는 grade III 이상, 협착은중등도이상의소견일경우로한정하였다. 그리고이러한검사에도특별히이상이없었던경우를특발성심실빈맥이라정의하였으며 Brugada 증후군과 long QT 증후군은선천성심질환에서분리하여따로분류하였다. 심전도상심실빈맥의형태는 V1 유도에서 QRS파가양성편향일경우우각차단형으로, 음성편향의 QRS파를보일경우, 좌각차단형으로분류하였다. 빈맥시심박동수및심주기 (total cycle length) 를측정하였고, P파 QRS 파와의관계를분석하여방실해리 (atrioventricular dissociation) 유무를파악하였으며 QRS파의폭은측정할수있는것중가장폭이넓은것을선택하였다. QRS 파의전기축 (electrical axis) 은 4개의군으로분류하였는데, 정상은 0 ~90 사이, 우축편위 (right axis deviation) 는 90 ~180, 좌축편위 (left axis deviation) 는 0~ -90 사이에있는경우로하였고, -90 ~-180 사이는북서축으로정의하였다. 재발여부는심전도상심실빈맥이기록된경우로한정하였으며사망여부는심혈관질환과그외로구분하여조사하였다. 사망및재발을사건 (events) 로정의하였으며 event free survival을조사하였다. 3. 자료분석및통계본연구에서평균및표준편차등의모든자료의통계처리는개인용컴퓨터통계프로그램 SPSS (Windows release 11.0) package를이용하였으며, 비교가능한다집단간의자료분석은비모수적방법인 Kruskal-Wallis test를이용하였고, 각집단간 event free survival 비교는 Kaplan Meier test를사용하여분석하여비교하였다. 결과 1. 대상환자의특성 1) 인구학적특성및 ECG 특성대상환자 136명중남자는 100명 (73.5%), 여자는 36 명 (26.5%) 으로남녀비는 2.76:1였다. 환자군의평균연령은 51.5±17.6 세였으며 10대 6명 (4.4%), 20대 13명 (9.6%), 30대 17명 (12.5%), 40대 26명 (19.1%), 50대 27명 (19.9%), 60대 27명 (19.9%), 70대 17명 (12.5%) 80세이상이 3명 (2.2%) 으로 40대에서 60대사이가가장많은분포를보였다. 환자발작당시증상을살펴보면심계항진이 77예 (56.6%), 흉통이 24예 (17.6%), 졸도가 15예 (11.0%), 호흡곤란 7예 (5.1%), 심장돌연사 7예 (5.1%) 였으며무증상인경우가 2예 (1.5%), 기타다른증상이 4예 (2.9%) 였다. 발작시혈역학적으로불안정하여심실제세동치료가필요하였던경우는 24예 (17.6%) 였고, 의식소실을동반한경우는 42예 (30.9%) 였다. 발작이지속적이였던경우는 41예 (30.1%), 비지속적인경우가 67예 (49.3%) 였으며분류가불가능하였던경우가 28예 (20.6%) 였다. 발작을유발하는유발인자로는물리적인활동이 45예 (33.1%), 감정적인스트레스가 10예 (7.4%), 유발인자가없던경우가 79예 (58.1%) 였다. 심초음파상좌심실구혈율은평균 50.9±17.6% 였으며좌심실의이완기용적은 54.5±8.5 mm였다 ( 표 1). 환자의심전도상의특징을살펴보면기저심박수는 74.8±17.5회 / 분, QRS폭은 101.1± 18.5 ms였으며전기축은정상축이가장많았으며 (105예: 77.2%), 북서축은없었다. 발작시심주기는 337.2±81.4 ms로심박수로환산하면 178회였고, 전기축은정상, 좌축편위, 우축편이, 북서축의경우가거의비슷한빈도를보였다. V1유도의 QRS 모양으로분류해보면양성편향인우각차단형이 54예 (39.7%), 음성편향인좌각차단형이 44예 (32.4%), 다형심실빈맥이거나 V1유도가기록되지않아분류가불가능한경우가 38예 (27.9%) 있었다 ( 표 2)
4 - 김진배외 6 인 : 심실빈맥의임상양상및예후 - Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients Number of enrolled patients 136 Age (years: Mean ± SD) a Under Gender Male Female Initial symptom Palpitation Chest pain Syncope SCD Dyspnea Other Sx None Emergency care No Yes Duration of attack Nonsustained Sustained Unspecified Triggering factor None Exertion Emotional stress Others Features of echocardiography (mean±sd) * Ejection fraction (%) End diastolic dimension of LV (mm) Underlying disease (number of patients) Idiopathic Isechemic heart disease (IHD) Cardiomyopathy Valvular disease Long QT syndrome Congenital heart disease Brugada syndrome * Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation. SCD, sudden cardiac death ±17.65 * ± ± % 9.6% 12.5% 19.1% 19.9% 19.9% 12.5% 2.2% 73.5% 26.5% 56.6% 17.6% 11.0% 5.1% 5.1% 2.9% 1.5% 82.4% 17.6% 49.3% 30.1% 20.6% 58.1% 33.1% 7.4% 1.5% 54.4% 21.3% 11.8% 4.4% 2.9% 2.9% 2.2%
5 -The Korean Journal of Medicine : Vol. 71, No. 3, Table 2. ECG Features Features of ECG (number of patients) 136 Features of resting ECG features Pulse rate (bpm) QRS duration (ms) Axis NL LAD RAD NW Unidentified Features of attack ECG features Total cycle length (ms) QRS duration (ms) Axis NL LAD RAD NW Unidentified 74.8± ± ± ± % 16.9% 4.4% 0% 1.5% 17.6% 19.9% 16.9% 16.9% 28.7% Morphology of V1 LBBB RBBB Unidentified % 39.7% 27.9% * Mean±SD: Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation NL, normal axis; LAD, left axis deviation; RAD, right axis deviation; Unidentified, cannot be determined. 추적관찰되었던 119예중에서재발되었던환자는 31 예 (22.8%) 였으며사망한환자는 12예 (10.1%) 였다. 또한추적관찰에서재발및사망여부가확인되지않은환자는 17명 (13.9%) 였다. 2) 기저질환별분류전체환자 136명중특발성심실빈맥이 74예 (54.4%) 로가장많았으며허혈성심질환이 29예 (21.3%) 로두번째로많은빈도을보여주었다. 특발성심근병증이 16예 (11.8%) 였으며심판막증이 6예 (4.4%) 있었고, 그밖에도선천성심질환 (3예), Long QT 증후군 (4예), Brugada 증후군 (4예) 있었다. 3) 치료법의분류치료방법에는심실빈맥에대한치료없이원인질환에대한보존적인치료만시행하거나발생빈도가적고 비지속적이어서심실빈맥을지켜본경우가 22예 (16.1%) 가있었으며전극도자절제술 (RFCA) 이 26예 (19.1%), 삽입형제세동기 (ICD) 을삽입한경우가 9예 (6.6%), 항부정맥제만투여한경우가 62예 (45.6%), 관상동맥성형술이나관상동맥우회로술등재관류을시행한경우가 11예 (8.1%) 있었으며선천성심기형이나심판막증등에서수술적교정이 4예 (2.9%) 시행되었고, 심박동기를삽입하여심조율이필요했던경우가 2예 (1.5%) 였다. 2. 기저질환별비교및예후분석기저질환중가장많은빈도를보였던네가지질환군으로특성의차이및예후를비교하여보았다. 우선각질환군의연령을비교하여보았는데특발성인경우가 43.6세로가장낮았으며그외의질환군은비슷한연령대를보였으며그중허혈성심질환의연령대 (
6 -Jin-Bae Kim, et al : Clinical characteristics of ventricular tachycardia - Table 3. Comparison of VT by Underlying disease Idiopathic Ischemic CMP Valvular p Age (yrs) TCL (ms) <0.05 NS * QRS Duration (ms) NS * EF (%) <0.05 LV size (mm) <0.05 Event free <0.05 Duration (mon) Analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test ( * NS, not significant) CMP, Cardiomyopathy EF, Ejection Fraction of LV (mean value) Event free duration, recur free interval by months (mean value) LV size, left ventricle end diastolic dimension (mean value) QRS duration, QRS duration of attack ECG (mean value) TCL, total cycle length (mean value) Kaplan Meier 분석에서도마찬가지결과를보여주었다 ( 그림 1). 특발성심실빈맥의경우치료법에따른재발에따른예후의차이을비교해보았는데전극도자절제술이통계적으로의미있는차이는보여주지못했지만다른치료법에비해보다좋은결과을보여주었다. 고찰 Analyze by Kaplan-Meier (p<0.05) Cumulative survival rate (%), follow up duration (months) Figure 1. Survival rate of VT 세 ) 가가장높았다. 심실빈맥의예후에관련있는것으로알려진발작시의심주기및 QRS 지속시간은각질환군간의미있는차이는없었지만심근병증에서심주기및 QRS 지속시간이가장길었다. 각질환군에서심초음파소견을비교해보았는데알려진대로심기능 (Ejection Fraction) 과좌심실크기가의미있는차이를보였는데특발성인경우가심기능이가장좋았으며심근병증의경우가가장좋치못한것으로나타났다 ( 표 3). 그리고예후를알아보기위하여재발하기까지의시간과사망하기까지의시간을분석해보았는데이중특발성인경우가두가지면에서모두좋은예후를보여주었으며허혈성심질환인경우가가장좋치못한결과를보여주었다. 이는각질환군의생존률을분석한 지난 40~50년간심혈관계사망률은해마다감소하고있으나아직도선진국에서는가장흔한원인으로남아있으며 9), 이중 50% 정도가심장에기원하는돌연사로알려져있으며대부분은심실부정맥에의한것으로알려져있다 10). 그기전으로는심실빈맥이심실세동으로발전하면서심정지가나타나는것으로되어있다. 심실빈맥의증상은심혈성쇽 (cardiovascular shock) 이나자각증상이없는상태까지다양한양상을띠게되는데, 이러한기전으로는심실빈맥시심폐기능과압수용체 (baroreceptor) 의반사에의한교감신경계활성에의하며이런반사기능이저하된경우, 돌연사나실신등이나타남을 Smith 등이제시한바있다 11). 심실빈맥의기저질환으로는가장많은것이서구에서는허혈성심질환으로알려져있으나일본이나우리나라에서발표된문헌들에서는원인이없는특발성심실빈맥으로밝혀졌으며최근발표된문헌에서는특발성심실빈맥의비율이이전연구에비해감소한것으로되어있다. 이는심실빈맥중허혈성심질환에의한것
7 - 대한내과학회지 : 제 71 권제 3 호통권제 553 호 이비교적조기사망하는관계로분석대상에서제외되었을가능성을시사하며실제허혈성심질환의유병율이이전에비해증가하였을가능성도시사한다고하겠다. 실제일본의보고는 90년, 96년당시특발성심실빈맥의빈도가 40% 가넘는비율을보이던것이최근 2002 년 Okumura 등이발표한자료 14) 에는 20% 정도의비율을보이고있다. 미국에서도심근경색이나협심증시병원내원이전에적어도 22,500명이상사망하는것으로알려져있으며 12) 급성심근경색시 48시간내지속성단형심실빈맥의발생비율은 0.3~1.9% 로보고된바있다 13). Asim 등 15) 은급성심근경색후발생하는비지속성심실빈맥은적게는 1~7% 에서많게는 75% 까지발생한다고하며특히 48시간이후발생하는경우는예후가좋치못함을발표한바있다. 본연구에서는전체적인예후를재발및심장사를종결로하여분석하여특발성인경우가가장좋은예후를보였으며허혈성인경우가가장좋치못하였는데앞서의다른외국문헌의경우와비슷한결과를보여주었다. 여기서한가지고려해야할것은예후가좋치못한것으로알려져있는 Brugada 증후군 16) 의경우단한예의사망환자없이현재까지추적관찰중으로이는본원이 3차진료기관으로첫증상발현이실신내지는심장돌연사에서회복된환자들이전원조치된경우로심인성급사로첫발현되었던환자는진단이내려지지않고기록된심전도가없어본연구대상에서제외되었기때문으로사료된다. 그리고다형심실빈맥과심실세동이잘나타나며단형의심실빈맥이나타나는경우는드물다는점 17) 도원인으로고려해볼수있을것이다. 예후에관련하여치료법에따른결과를분석해볼때가장생존율이좋았던결과를보인경우는삽입형제세동기를삽입한경우로이는근본적인치료법은아니나이차적인예방목적으로시행된것으로원인질환을고려하지않은경우전체적인사망률을줄였다는점에서주목할만하고삽입한환자군이좌심실기능이좋치못하거나전기생리학검사에서지속적인심실빈맥이유도되는환자가다수포함되어예후가좋치못하다고알려진위험인자 3) 를가지고있는환자들에서의사망률저하는외국에서시행되어진여러임상적인시도 (AVID trial 22), MADIT trial 23) ) 에서보듯삽입형제세동기가전체적인사망률감소를유도한다는점을시사한다고할 수있다. 본원에서삽입형제세동기가시술된것은 97년부터로시술후추적관찰결과를보면 1예에서원인미상의사망환자가발생한것을제외하면사망환자가없었으며현재까지추적관찰중으로특발성심실빈맥이상대적으로많은우리나라환자에서의치료적유용성에대해서보다많은연구가이루어져야할것으로사료된다. 대상환자중가장많았던특발성심실빈맥환자의경우우각차단형이좌각차단형보다많았는데, 이는특발성일경우그기원이좌심실일가능성을시사하며외국에서 Carlson 등 18) 이발표한것과 Rodriguez 등 19) 이발표한결과에서와비슷한양상을보였다. 심실빈맥시심전도의축을고려해보면좌각차단형의경우, 우심실로유출형 ( 좌각차단 + 정상축 ) 인경우가가장많음을보여주었고, 우각차단형의경우는좌축편위와함께북서축을가진형태가많았는데이는외국에서보고된것처럼좌각차단형인경우는우심실로유출형이가장많고 20) 우각차단형인경우는좌심실의중격하후방에서기원하는형태가가장많음을알수있었다. 치료방법에따른예후를특발성심실빈맥의경우에한하여알아보았는데앞서언급하였던삽입형제세동기의삽입은 2예있었으나이는재발을방지하는치료가아니므로비교대상에서제외되었고, 전극도자절제술과항부정맥약물, 경과관찰등으로나누어비교한결과전극도자절제술을시행한예에서재발률이적음을알수있었고, 시술치못한환자군에서재발률이높음은특발성심실빈맥의치료에관하여전극도자절제술의우월성을시사한다고하겠다. 외국의경우 Coggins 등 21) 이특발성심실빈맥에서완치요법으로의전극도자절제술의효과를보고한바있었는데마찬가지로다른치료법에비해월등함을확인하여주었다. 하지만시행하는기관의경험과시술자의경험에따라성적은바뀔수있으며본원에서도도입초창기에비해시술경험이증가하면서시술횟수가점차증가함을관찰할수있었다. 이전의자료들이치료법에따른예후에대하여언급이없었던탓에최근의사망률이나재발률을비교하는것은불가능하였지만최신치료법의도입과이의범용은전체적인사망률이나이환률을낮출것으로사료되며보다많은연구가선행되어기저질환의변화와치료법의향상으로인한예후의개선이어느정도인지파악해보는것이의미있다고사료된다
8 - 김진배외 6 인 : 심실빈맥의임상양상및예후 - 본연구의제한점으로는본원이 3차기관으로서이러한응급환자의초기치료나전원되기까지걸리는시간등이분석오류을야기할수있다는점과병원내원전까지사망률이높은질환이라는점등을생각해볼수있으며하지만최근변화된치료법이적용된시점에서의국내심실빈맥의양상및치료에따른예후의분석은향후치료에대한한가지지침이될수있다고하겠다. 요약목적 : 심실빈맥의원인질환으로허혈성심질환이가장흔하다고보고되고있으나우리나라의경우허혈성심질환에의한심실빈맥의빈도나임상양상및예후에대하여국내보고가미흡한상태였다. 따라서본연구를통해우리나라에서발생한심실빈맥의임상적특징과예후에대해알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지본원에서심실빈맥으로진단된환자 136명을대상으로하였으며내원당시 ECG의특징과임상적특징, 추적결과을분석하여예후을조사하였다. 결과 : 남자는 100명 (73.5%), 여자는 36명 (26.5%) 으로남녀비는 2.76:1였다. 환자의발작시증상중가장많이호소하였던것은심계항진 (50.8%) 이었으며흉통 (17.6%), 졸도가 15예 (11.0%), 호흡곤란 7예 (5.1%), 심장돌연사 7 예 (5.1%) 였으며무증상인경우가 2예 (1.5%), 기타다른증상이 4예 (2.9%) 였다. 심실빈맥의발생에특별한유발인자가없었던경우가제일많았으며 (58.1%), 물리적인활동 (33.1%), 감정적인스트레스 (7.4%) 가유발인자로관찰되었다. 심전도상의특징을살펴보면기저심박수는 74.8± 17.5회, QRS폭은 101.1±18.5 ms였으며전기축은정상축이가장많았으며 V1 유도의 QRS 모양으로분류해보면우각차단형이 54예 (39.7%), 좌각차단형이 44예 (32.4%), 다형심실빈맥이 15예 (11.0%) 였으며 V1유도가기록되지않았던경우가 23예 (16.9%) 있었다. 심실빈맥의원인질환으로는특발성심실빈맥이 74 예 (54.4%) 로가장많았으며허혈성심질환이 29예 (21.3%) 로그다음이었다. 특발성심근병증이 16예 (11.8%) 였으며심판막증이 6예 (4.4%) 있었고, 그밖에도선천성심질환 (3예), Long QT 증후군 (4예), Brugada 증후군 (4예) 있었다. 추적관찰되었던 119예중에서재발되었던환자는 31 예 (22.8%) 였으며사망한환자는 12예 (10.1%) 였다. 추적관찰에서재발및사망여부가확인되지않은환자는 17 명 (13.9%) 였다. 재발하기까지의기간이나사망률로환자의예후를판별하였는데, 여타질환에비해특발성심실빈맥의경우가통계적으로유의하게좋은예후를보여주었으며허혈성심질환인경우가가장좋치못한결과를보여주었다 (p<0.05). 특발성심실빈맥의치료법중전극도자절제술가가장좋은예후를보여주었으며득발성심실빈맥의경우사망환자는없었다 (p<0.05). 결론 : 국내심실빈맥의환자는서구와는달리특발성인경우가가장많았고특발성심실빈맥의경우가다른심실빈맥에비하여예후가가장좋았으며특발성심실빈맥의치료방법중전극도자절제술의효과가가장좋았다. 중심단어 : 심실빈맥, 임상양상, 예후 REFERENCES 1) Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Braunwald' heart disease. 6th ed. p , W.B. Saunders company, ) Marriet HJ, Conover MB. Advanved concepts in arrhythmias. 2nd ed. p , Missuri, CV Mosby, ) Shenasa M, Borggrefe M, Haverkamp W, Hindricks G, Breithardt G. Ventricular tachycardia. Lancet 341: , ) Kang WC, Ahn SK, Lee MH, Kim SS. Differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia. Korean Circ J 33: , ) Lee SR, Cho JG, Park OY, Jeong WK, Kim W, Lee SH, Kang KT, Rhew JY, Ahn YK, Jeong MH, Park JC, Kang JC. Clinical characteristics of ventricular tachycardia. Korean Circ J 31: , ) Ikeda T. A study on clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular tachycardia: comparision of sentence. Kokyu To Junkan 38: , ) Ebe K, Aizawa Y, Shibata A. Clinical characteristics and EPS-guided therapy in 142 cases of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Jpn Heart J 37:73-84, ) Kim SS, Park SJ, Jang YS, Tahk SJ, Shim WH, Cho SY, Kim HS. Electrophysiologic studies and serial drug testing in Korean patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Korean J Med 40: ,
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