하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 민 5만여명이단수피해를겪는문제가발생하였으며, 같은해 11월에발생한나주지역영산강횡단하수관로의누수로인해수질오염문제가우려되기도하였다. 관로사고에의한피해는단수피해뿐만아니라복구비용으로도막대한비용이지출되므로사고를미연에
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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 3 pp , ISSN / eissn 하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 장은경 1, 지운 1* 1 한국건설기술연구원하천해안연구실 Numerical Analysis of Flow and Bed Changes for Selecting Optimized Section of Buried Water Pipeline Crossing the River Eun-Kyung Jang 1 and Un Ji 1* 1 River and Coastal Research Division, Water Resources & Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Construction Technology 요약하천을횡단하는관로를매설할경우하상변동으로인해관로가드러나는사고가발생할수있으며이를방지하기위해서는안전한매설경로를분석할필요가있다. 본연구에서는금강을횡단하는도수관로의안전한매설구간선정을위해 2차원수치모형을이용하여흐름해석및하상변동분석을수행하였다. 20년빈도홍수량을적용한모의결과, 전반적으로하상이퇴적되는것으로나타났으나교각의영향을받는구간에서는관로매설깊이 2 m 이상의침식이발생하는것으로나타났다. 극한호우사상에서도교각상류와근접한부근에서관로매설위치까지침식이발생하는것으로나타났다. 따라서교각위치에서상류약 140 m 까지는교각의영향으로하상침식이매설된관로에영향을미칠것으로예상된다. 상류 150 m 이후에위치한관로횡단경로들은하상침식에대해상대적으로안정적일것으로판단되어안전을고려하여이를도수관로횡단경로의최적구간으로선정하였다. Abstract A water pipeline buried under the riverbed could be exposed by bed erosion, therefore safe crossing sections should be analyzed for preventing damages due to the exposure of pipelines. In this study, flow and bed changes have been simulated using a two-dimensional numerical model for selecting the optimized section of pipeline crossing in the Geum River. As a result of simulation with the 20-year recurrence flood, sediment deposition has been distributed overall in the channel and bed erosion over 2 m has occurred near bridge piers. For the extreme flood simulation, the channel bed near the bridge piers has been eroded down to the buried depth. Therefore, within 140 m upstream of the bridge piers, bed erosion affects a buried pipeline in safety due to bridge pier effects and the crossing section over 150 m upstream of bridge piers is selected as a safe zone of a water pipeline. Key Words : Bed Change, CCHE2D, Numerical Analysis, Pipeline Crossing, River Crossing Structure 1. 서론 최근하천을횡단하는관로가하상바닥으로부터드러 나는사고로인해단수, 오염물질및유해물질누수등의피해가빈번히발생하고있다. 2011년 6월발생한구미지역의낙동강횡단송수관누수사고로인해일대주 본연구은국토교통부물관리연구사업의연구비지원 (12기술혁신C02) 에의해수행되었습니다. * Corresponding Author : Un Ji(Korea Institute of Construction Technology) Tel: jiuncivil@gmail.com Received January 14, 2014 Revised (1st February 3, 2014, 2nd February 10, 2014) Accepted March 6,
2 하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 민 5만여명이단수피해를겪는문제가발생하였으며, 같은해 11월에발생한나주지역영산강횡단하수관로의누수로인해수질오염문제가우려되기도하였다. 관로사고에의한피해는단수피해뿐만아니라복구비용으로도막대한비용이지출되므로사고를미연에방지하는것이반드시필요하다. 특히하천을횡단하는관로를매설할경우, 강바닥으로터약 2 m 내외의깊이로관로를매설하도록되어있어홍수시유속증가로인한하상의세굴현상이횡단관로깊이까지발생할가능성에대한정량적평가가반드시수행되어야할것이다. 관로매설에대한기술적검토는주로해저관로세굴특성에대한내용이많았으며하상밑에매설된경우보다는하상에노출되어관로가설치된경우에대한검토가주를이루었다. 특히오현식등 [1] 이파에노출된관로의세굴특성을실험적으로분석하여세굴매개변수들간의상관관계를제시한바있다. 김경호등 [2] 은사질성해저바닥에관로가설치되는경우의국부세굴특성을실험적으로고찰하여세굴에큰영향을미치는인자를분석하였고, 김성덕등 [3] 은흐름에의한관로의세굴특성을수리모형실험을통해분석하여관경과유속변화에따른평형세굴심을관찰하였다. Arya and Shingan[4] 은해저에설치되는관로에대한일반적인세굴양상을분석하고이를대처하기위한세굴보호대책을제시하였으며, Van Beek and Wing[5] 은관로에의한세굴및하상변동양상을 ODYSSEE 수치모형을활용하여 Kjeldsen[6] 의실험데이터와비교분석하였다. 그러나이와같은연구들은관로가하상밑에매립되는경우가아닌해저바닥에놓인관로주변에서관로로인한세굴양상을분석한것이다. 해저에관로가놓이는경우에는관로가직접적으로흐름의영향을받으며해저특성상파에의한영향도관로세굴에큰영향을미치는요소로작용하지만바닥으로부터 2 m 밑에매설되어흐름에는직접적으로영향을받지않는관로의경우에는하상침식에의해관로가노출되는경우에문제가발생하게된다. 특히홍수시의빠른유속등에의해하상이침식되는현상이반복될경우관로가흐름에노출되는문제가발생하여관로사고로이어질수있다. 따라서하천을횡단하여하상밑에매설되는도수관로에대해서는하천에서의하상변동으로인한관로의안정성에대해반드시사전검토할필요하며이를기초로최적매설구간을선정할필요가있다. 본연구에서는하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위해 2차원흐름및하상변동수치모의를수행하여여러흐름조건에서의흐름양상및하상변화를정량적으로평가하였다. 특히, 2차원수치모형으로는지운등 [7], 이지완등 [8], 그리고안정민과류시완 [9] 의선 행연구에서국내하상변동에대한모형검증이수행된 CCHE2D 모형을활용하였다. 따라서본연구의목적은첫째, CCHE2D 모형을활용하여금강횡단도수관로구간의흐름특성및하상변동에대한수치모의연구를수행하고, 둘째, 이를분석하여대상구간내매설예정구간에대해하상침식으로인한도수관로노출위험성을평가하고자한다. 이러한연구결과는관로부설을통한복선화구간선정을위한기초자료로적극활용할수있을것으로판단되며단순히 2 m의관로매설깊이에만한정되었던매설기준이평면적인범위까지도확대될수있는연구자료될것이다. 2. 대상구간및수치모형의개요 [Fig. 1] Guem River Watershed and Study Reach Guem River Watershed Study Reach 본연구의대상구간은충남연기군남면송원리인근금강횡단도수관로설치구간으로선정하였다. 이구간은 Fig. 1과같이금강교교각상류인근에하상고로부터약 2 m 아래충남중부권광역상수도관이매설되어있으며, 횡단관로의직경은 2,400 mm, 관보호공폭은 1,800 mm이다. 그러나관보호공및금강교주변을제외하고 2010년수행된상하류구간하상준설로인해 2011년홍수기때하류측하상고가전체적으로낮아짐에따라하상침식속도가빨라져금강횡단부우안쪽관보호공이노출되었으며이로인한관보호공파손에따른단수발생이우려되고있다. 이에대해위험발생예상구간에대한장단기적인대책방안이검토되고있으며단기적으로는세굴에대해안정성확보가가능한하상보호공이설치될예정이고장기적으로는관로부설을통한복선화로비상시안정적인용수공급체계를구축할예정이다. 본연구에서는관로부설을통한복선화를위한안정적이고최적의구간을선정하기위해풍수량및극한사상발생시 1757
3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 15 권제 3 호, 2014 예상되는하상변동양상을 2차원수치모형을활용하여분석하였다. 일반적으로 2차원하천흐름해석및하상변동수치모형으로널리알려져있는프로그램으로는 SMS와 CCHE2D, Flumen, USGS 등이있다. 본연구에서는하상토입도분포입력이가능하며유사량공식을 Ackers and White[10], Engelund and Hansen[11], Wu et al.[12], SEDTRA Module[13] 들중선정하여모의할수있고유사이송형태는소류사와부유사, 총유사이송형태에대해서각각모의가가능한 CCHE2D 모형선정하였다. 3. 입력자료및모의조건 본연구에서의 2차원수치모의에활용한지형자료는 K-water 충남중부권광역상수도금강횡단도수관로복선화실시설계측량자료를활용하였으며, 이자료는지도상의등고선을고려하여요소망의각절점에서선형보간하였다 [Fig. 2]. 선형보간된지형자료는가로 50개, 세로 150개로총 7,500개의격자망으로구성하였으며, 유량과수위값에대하여모의시간간격 60 sec(1,440회 /day) 으로모의를수행하였다. 또한 2차원수치모의를위한필수자료인하상토자료및조도계수는금강수계하천기본계획 [14] 을활용하였으며중앙입경은 0.62 mm, 조도계수는 0.027을적용하였다. 유사량자료는국토교통부에서제시한 2011년수문조사보고서의공주지점유량-유사량관계식을활용하였다 [15]. 또한수치모의조건중적합한유사량산정공식선정을위해 2011년홍수기에발생한실제유사량자료를활용하여 Alonso[16], Brownlie[17], van Rijn[18], Stevens and Yang[19] 등의연구에서우수하다고평가하고있는 Ackers and White[10], Brownlie[20], Engelund and Hansen[11], Yang[21] 유사량공식의공식별민감도분석을수행하였다. 그결과저유량과고유량조건에서실제발생유사량과가장패턴이유사한 Ackers and White[10] 을유사량산정공식으로적용하였다 [Fig. 3]. 또한유사이송형태선정시유량조건별지배적인유사이송형태를고려하여풍수량모의시에는소류사, 극한호우및빈도유량모의시에는부유사이송형태를선정하여모의를수행하였다. [Fig. 2] Initial Channel Geometry Composition of Finite Element Net Initial Bed Elevation (EL.m) [Fig. 3] Input Data Flow Discharge-Sediment Discharge Relation at the Gongju Station Discharge and Water Surface Level at the Guemnam Station in
4 하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 모의조건은연중 95일초과하지않는유량인풍수량및극한호우사상모의를위해 Fig. 3 와같이 2003년태풍매미발생시최대유량이발생한 5일간의유량을활용하였다. 또한매설되는도수관로의내구연한 (20년) 을고려하여 20년빈도홍수량을고려하여모의를수행하였으며입력조건은 Table 1과같다. [Table 1] Simulation Conditions for CCHE2D Modeling CASE Flow Condition Station CASE 1 (Steady Flow) CASE 2 (Unstead y Flow) CASE 3 (Steady Flow) 95 Days Occurrence Flow ( m 3 /s) Extreme Flood (Typhoon Maemi, 2003) 20-year Recurrence Flow (8,775 m 3 /s) Simulatio n Time Sediment Transport Modes Gongju 5 Days Bed load Guemnam Guemnam 5 Days 1 Days Suspended load Suspended load 량발생시흐름및하상변동에대해모의를수행하였다. 먼저공주수위표의풍수량 ( m 3 /s) 을적용하여총 5 일간흐름및하상변동모의를수행한결과, 좌안에서최대 1.27 m/s의유속이발생하였으며교각부근에서도 1.2 m/s 정도의유속이발생하였다 [Fig. 4]. 풍수량의경우대상구간의하상고로인해흐름이흐르지않는지형 (Dry) 이발생하였으며, 전체대상구간에대해평균 0.48 m/s의유속이발생하였다. 하상변동모의수행결과는 Fig. 4 와같으며대부분의구간에서퇴적이발생하였고최대 1.87 m의퇴적이발생하였다. 또한흐름유입부와교각부근에서최대침식이발생하였으며전체대상구간에대해평균 0.03 m의침식이발생한것으로나타났으나이는교각주변국부적으로발생한최대침식고가평균값에반영된것으로전체적인하상변동은미미한것으로나타났다. 4.2 극한호우사상을적용한모의결과 4. 도수관로매설구간에대한흐름및수치모의결과 4.1 풍수량모의결과 [Fig. 5] Simulation Results of Extreme Flood (m/s) Velocity Distribution (m/s) Bed Change (m) [Fig. 4] Simulation Results of 95 Days Occurrence Flow Velocity Distribution (m/s) Bed Change (m) 본논문에서는풍수량과극한호우사상, 20 년빈도유 극한호우사상을적용한하상변동모의를위해 Fig. 2와같이금남수위표기준발생최대유량인 2003년의태풍매미발생기간의유량 (5일) 을활용하여흐름및하상변동모의를수행하였다. 흐름모의수행결과유속의경우 [Fig. 5], 좌안에서최대 1.99 m/s의유속이발생하였으며전체대상구간에대해평균 1.22 m/s의유속이발생하였다. 하상변동모의수행결과 (Fig. 5) 대부분의구간에서퇴적이발생하였으나흐름유입부와교각부근 1759
5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 15 권제 3 호, 2014 에서침식이발생하였다. 전체대상구간에대해평균 0.18 m의침식이발생한것으로나타났으나이는풍수량모의결과와마찬가지로국부적인구간에서의최대침식결과가평균값에반영된것으로판단된다. 따라서도수관로의횡단구간은교각주변의하상세굴의영향범위를검토하여선정할필요가있다. 구간은 Fig. 7과같이 No. 1에서 No. 7과같으며이구간을지나는하천횡단면을 No. A에서 No. J로표기하였다. 전체구간중하천횡단면 No. D, No. E, No. F 및 No. G 구간의하천횡단면을초기하상과홍수발생후하상고및관로위치와비교분석하였다 [Fig. 7] 년빈도유량모의결과매설되는도수관로의내구연한을고려한 20년빈도홍수량모의를수행하였으며흐름모의수행결과유속의경우, 접근유속은약 5 m/s 내외의분포를보였으며, 하상변동의경우, 접근수로에서 5 m 이상의퇴적이발생하였다 [Fig. 6]. 또한교각주변에서는침식이발생하였으며관로매설깊이인 2 m 보다깊은최대 5.75 m의침식이발생하는것으로나타났다. [Fig. 7] Section of Pipeline Crossing Bed Change Result of Extreme Flood Bed Change Result of 20 Year Frequency Flow [Fig. 6] Simulation Results of 20-year Recurrence Flow (m/s) Velocity Distribution (m/s) Bed Change (m) 5. 도수관로횡단구간의안정성평가 각각의홍수사상에대해모의한결과를활용하여도수관로횡단구간의정량적인안정성분석을수행하였다. 퇴적과침식의명확한구분을위해하상변동모의결과에서 Legend를 0 m에서 -2 m로변환하여표기하였다. 하상변동모의결과, 변화가미미한것으로나타난풍수량모의결과는분석에서제외하였다. 도수관로복선화예정 2003년실제발생한극한호우사상을대상으로한하상변동모의결과와초기하상을비교한결과, No. D와 No. E 단면에서는침식이발생하였고, No. F와 No. G 단면에서는큰변화가없는것으로나타났다. 교각상류와가장근접한 No. D 단면에서는좌안에서도수관로매설예상구간에거의근접한최대 2.42 m의침식이발생하였으며평균 1.75 m의침식이발생하였다 [Fig. 8]. No. E 단면에서는좌안에서최대침식 2.18 m가발생하는것으로나타났으며일부구간에대해관로매설예상구간까지침식이발생할것으로나타났다 [Fig. 8]. No. F와 No. G 단면에서의분석결과는 Fig. 8(c) 와 Fig. 8(d) 와같으며각각의평균하상변동고는 0.07 m와 0 m로하상변화가크지않은것으로나타나 No. F와 No. G에서는홍수발생후하상침식이관로위치까지는발생하지않을것으로판단된다. 1760
6 하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 매설도수관로의내구연한을고려한 20년빈도유량을기준으로한하상변동모의결과와초기하상을비교한결과모든단면에대해퇴적이발생하는것으로나타났다 [Fig. 9]. 특히교각과근접한 No. D 단면과 No. E 단면보다 No. F와 No. G 단면에서의퇴적이더크게발생하였다. 전체분석구간에대해평균 4.95 m의퇴적이발생하는것으로분석되어수치모의결과에따르면 20년빈도유량에대해홍수발생후하상침식으로인한관로노출의위험성은미미할것으로판단된다. 그러나, 수치모의를위해 20년빈도유량 (8,775 m 3 /s) 이발생하는경우상류에서유입되는유사량을계산할때 Fig. 3 에서와같은유량-유사량관계식이활용되었고 Fig. 3 의현장에서발생한최대홍수크기는약 4,000 m 3 /s에해당된다는점을유념해야한다. 따라서 20년빈도유량 (8,775 m 3 /s) 에해당하는유사량은 400 m 3 /s에서 4,000 m 3 /s 유량범위에서관측된유사량자료를활용하여외삽한결과를활용한것이므로이에따른불확실성이하상변동수치모의시반영될가능성이크다. 20년빈도유량이발생할경우의수치모의결과에서하상퇴적이상당히크게계산된결과도이러한불확실성이내포된결과임을예상할수있다. 따라서하상변동의양상은정성적으로퇴적이발생하는것으로판단할수있으나정량적퇴적고를직 접적으로활용하는것에는반드시주의를기할필요가있다. (c) (d) [Fig. 9] Comparison of Pipeline Crossing Section(20-year Recurrence Flow) Cross Section(No. D) Cross Section(No. E) (c) Cross Section(No. F) (d) Cross Section(No. G) 6. 결론 (c) (d) [Fig. 8] Section of Pipeline Crossing Analysis Results (Extreme Flood) Cross Section(No. D) Cross Section(No. E) (c) Cross Section(No. F) (d) Cross Section(No. G) 본연구에서는하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위해하상으로부터 2 m 밑에관로가매설되는위치까지하상침식이발생하는구간을 2차원수치모형을활용하여평면적으로분석하였으며그결과는다음과같다. CCHE2D 모형을활용하여금강횡단도수관로구간의흐름특성및하상변동에대한수치모의연구를수행한결과, 풍수량 ( m 3 /s) 을적용하여모의를수행했을때전체적인하상변동은미미한것으로나타났다. 극한호우사상을적용한모의결과대부분의구간에서퇴적이발생하였으나교각부근에서는침식이발생하는것으로나타났다. 도수관로의내구연한을고려한 20년빈도홍수량을적용한모의결과, 상당히큰하상퇴적이발생하였으며교각의영향을받는구간에서여전히관로매설깊이 2 m 보다큰침식이발생하는것으로나타났 1761
7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 15 권제 3 호, 2014 다. 대상구간내매설예정구간에대해하상침식으로인한도수관로노출위험성에대해분석을위해수행하였으며도수관로복선화예정구간과하천횡단면을하상고및관로위치와비교분석한결과, 극한호우사상에서는교각상류와근접한부근에서일부구간관로매설위치까지침식이발생하는것으로나타났으며, 교각위치에서멀어질수록하상고의변화가미미한것으로나타났다. 또한 20 년빈도유량을기준으로한분석결과, 모든단면에대해큰퇴적이발생하였으며교각과근접한단면에비해교각에서멀어질수록더큰퇴적이발생하는것으로나타나관로노출의위험성이적을것으로판단된다. 그러나 20년빈도유량조건에서는상류유입유사량산정시해당유량발생시관측유사량값이직접적으로적용된경우가아니기때문에정량적인퇴적고에대한신뢰도가떨어지는것으로판단된다. 최종적으로모든분석결과를종합했을때, 관로매설예정구간인 No. 1에서 No. 10까지의구간중 No. 1 부터 No. 4 까지의횡단위치는교각의영향을받아하상이침식될것으로예상되며, 안전치를고려하여교각으로부터상류 150 m 이후에위치한관로횡단경로 (No. 7에서 No. 10) 는하상침식에대해상대적으로안전할것으로판단되어이를도수관로횡단경로의최적구간으로선정하였다. 본연구에서수행된수치모의는현재까지수집된제한된자료를최대한활용하여모의를수행한결과이며향후연구에서는일반적으로하상변동모의에영향을미칠수있는하상입도분포및다양한유사이송공식선택에따른하상변화양상을분석함으로써유사량및하상변동관측자료가부족하여발생하는모의정확도를보다높일수있을것으로판단된다. References [1] H. S. Oh, H. J. Lee, K. H. Kim, Local Scour Properties Below Submarine Pipeline in Waves, Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 4-B, pp , [2] K. H. Kim, H. H. Kim, H. S. Oh, J. H. Yeum, Characteristics of the Local Scour around Submarine Imbeded Pipelines due to Waves, Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Enginners, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp , [3] S. D. Kim, K. K. Ahn, H. J. Lee, S. M. Lee, Characteristics of Scour around Pipeline in Current, Journal of Korean Geo-environmental Society, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp , [4] A. K. Arya, B. Shingan, Scour-Mechanism, Detection and Mitigation for Subsea Pipeline Integrity, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 1-14, [5] F. A. Van Beek, H. G. Wind, Numerical Modelling of Erosion and Sedimentation Around Offshore Pipelines, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Vol. 14, pp , DOI: [6] S. P. Kjeldsen, O. Gjorsvik, K. G. Bringaker, J. Jacobsen, Local scour near offshore pipelines, 2nd Int. Conf. Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Reykjavik. Univ. Iceland, Dep. Eng. Sci., pp , [7] U. Ji, W. K. Yeo, S. W. Han, Numerical Analysis for Bed Changes due to Sediment Transport Capacity Formulas and Sediment Transport Modes at the Upstream Approached Channel of the Nakdong River Estuary Barrage, Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp , DOI: [8] J. W. Lee, M. S. Lee, I. K. Jung, Stream Type Classification and 2-Dimensional Hydraulic Characteristics and Bed Change in Anseongcheon Streams and Tributaries, Journal of the Korea Association of Geographic Information Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp , [9] J. M. Ahn, S. Lyu, Analysis of Flow and Bed Change on Hydraulic Structure using CCHE2D :Focusing on Changnyong-Haman, Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp , DOI: [10] P. Ackers, W. R. White, Sediment transport: A new approach and analysis, Journal of Hydraulics Division, 99(HY11), [11] F. A. Engelund, E. Hansen, Monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams, Teknisk Forlag, Denmark, [12] W. Wu, S. S. Y. Wang, Y. Jia, Nonuniform sediment transport in alluvial river, Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp , DOI: [13] J. Garbrecht, R. A. Kuhnle, C. V. Alonso, "A sediment transport formulation for large channel networks", Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp ,
8 하천을횡단하는도수관로의최적매설구간선정을위한흐름및하상변동수치모의 [14] MOLIT, River Master Plan Report of Guem River Basin, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2011 [15] MOLIT, Hydrological Annual Repot in 2011, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, [16] C. V. Alonso, "Selecting a Formula to Estimate Sediment Transport: A New Approach and Analysis", Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 99(HY11), [17] W. R. Brownile, Prediction of Flow Depth and Sediment Discharge in Open Channels, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Report No. KH-R-43A, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., Nov., 1981a. [18] L. C. van Rijn, Sediment Transport, PartⅡ: Suspended Load Transport, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 110, No. 11, [19] H. H. Jr. Stevens, C. T. Yang, Summary and Use of Selected Sediment Transport Formulas, Water Resources Investigation Report , USGS, Washington, D. C., [20] W. R. Brownile, Compilation of Alluvial Channel Data: Laboratory and Field, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Report No. KH-R-43B, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., Nov., 1981b. [21] C. T. Yang, "Unit Stream Power Equation for Total Load". Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 40, pp , DOI: 지운 (Un Ji) [ 정회원 ] 2006년 12월 : Colorado State University, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering( 공학박사 ) 2007년 3월 ~ 2012년 12월 : 명지대학교 ( 박사후연구원, 연구교수 ) 2012년 12월 ~ 현재 : 한국건설기술연구원수자원 환경연구본부하천해안연구실수석연구원 < 관심분야 > 토목공학, 수리학, 하천복원 장은경 (Eun-Kyung Jang) [ 정회원 ] 2010 년 2 월 : 명지대학교공과대학토목환경공학과 ( 공학사 ) 2012 년 2 월 : 명지대학교대학원공과대학토목환경공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2013 년 6 월 ~ 현재 : 한국건설기술연구원수자원 환경연구본부하천해안연구실석사후연구원 < 관심분야 > 토목공학, 수리학 1763
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