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1 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(11): pissn: eissn: = 증례보고 = 양측선천성누루환자에서누루절제술시행후반복된감염과염증 김현아 1 최혜선 2 장선영 1 순천향대학교의과대학부천병원안과학교실 1, 건양대학교김안과병원, 명곡안연구소 2 목적 : 양측선천성누루환자에서누루절제술을시행한후양안모두에서감염과염증이반복되어, 절개및배농을반복해서시행해야했던경우 1 예를보고하고자한다. 증례요약 : 특이과거력없는 22 세남자환자가선천성누루와누루개구부주변으로통증을동반한반복되는홍반성부종, 염증주소로내원하였고, 선천성누루의개구부는눈꺼풀의내안각으로부터아래쪽으로약 12 mm 떨어져위치해있었다. 양측누루절제술을특별한문제없이시행하였으나, 수술후 4 일째부터양안의불편감과누루개구부주변으로부종, 농성분비물배출을호소하였다. 항생제정주및경구항생제복용후호전없어양측의절개배농을시행하였다. 그로부터 1 개월후좌안의염증이반복되어절개및배농시행하였고, 또다시 1 개월후우안의농성분비물있어절개및배농을시행하였다. 이때시행한배양검사에서 Actinomyces israelli 가동정되었다. 또다시 1 개월후좌측의부종및통증이있어절개배농시행하였다. 본환자에서선천성누루의개구부의위치가내안각으로부터멀리떨어져있어, 즉선천성누루의길이가보다길었던점이수술후감염과염증이반복하여발생하는데역할을했을것이라고추측한다. 결론 : 선천성누루의수술적치료에있어개구부의위치를주의깊게관찰하는것이술전에술후감염이나재발의합병증을예측하고, 환자를교육하는데있어서도움이될수있을것이라생각한다. < 대한안과학회지 2013;54(11): > 선천성누루는누기발생과정의이상에의해발생하는선천성발육이상질환으로상피로배열된누관이총누소관또는눈물주머니로연결되는질환이다. 1,2 보통한쪽에서만발생하고, 다수에서증상이없고발견되지않으며, 종종선천성누루의개구부를통해서눈물흘림이나분비물등의증상을보이기도한다. 3 누루에대한치료방법에는단순한전기소작, 누루절제술, 누루절제술과동반된실리콘관눈물길삽입술, 코눈물관연결술등여러방법이있으며동반된코눈물관의폐쇄정도가수술적제거후재발과관련이있을것이라는보고가있다. 4 저자들은선천성누루에대해누루절제술을시행한후반복적인감염과염증, 재발소견을보이며수차례의절개배농을시행해야했던증례를원인분석과함께보고하고자한다. Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Sun Young Jang, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, #170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon , Korea Tel: , Fax: syjang@schmc.ac.kr 증례보고 특이과거력이없는 22세남자환자가출생시부터있었던양측내안각 12 mm 비측하방의누루개구부주변으로통증을동반한반복되는홍반성부종, 염증을주소로내원하였다 (Fig. 1). 환자는내원일로부터 2년전비슷한증상으로내원하여경구항생제복용으로호전되었던과거력이있었다. 위눈물점을통해눈물소관식염수세척검사로누루를통해식염수가배출됨을확인하였고선천성누루에대한수술적치료를결정하였다. 누루절제술은국소마취하에시행되었으며, 누루의주위로에피네프린이포함된리도카인마취제를피하주사하고선천성누루개구부를통해눈물길더듬자를삽입하여누루의개구부주위로피부절개를하여누루를눈물주머니연결부위까지박리하였다. 누루를통해삽입한눈물길더듬자를통해저항이느껴질때의길이와박리중인누루의길이를비교하여길이를결정하고, 더듬자를제거한후 7-0 Vicryl 봉합사를이용하여누루의시작점을결찰한후박리한누루를제거하였다. 절개한피부를 7-0 Nylon 봉합사로봉합한후수술을종료하였으며제거된누루의길이는 7 mm로, 병리조직검사를통해표피와모낭으로덮인양성 1778
2 - 김현아 외 : 절제술 후 반복 감염을 보인 선천성 누루 - A B Figure 1. External opening of a congenital lacrimal fistula inferomedial to the medial canthus without inflammation. (A) Right, (B) Left. Figure 2. Dacryocystography shows irregularity without obstruction or stenosis of bilateral nasolacrimal ducts, entire portion after surgery. 1.5 g을 정주하고 ofloxacin 300 mg을 7일간 복용하였으나 호전을 보이지 않아 양측 수술 부위에 절개 및 배농을 시행 함과 동시에 수술 부위의 잔여 누루가 존재하는지 확인하 는 수술을 결정하였다. 재수술시 이전의 수술 절개부위를 통해 접근하였고 수술 부위의 염증 소견과 피하 조직, 피부 조직의 구조적 안정성이 떨어져 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 배 농을 시행하고 염증 조직을 제거한 후 잔여 누루의 시작점 을 6-0 vicryl 봉합사를 이용하여 단단하게 결찰하였다. 7-0 vicryl 봉합사로 절제 부위와 피하조작을 봉합한 후 7-0 nylon 봉합사로 수평 매트리스 봉합을 통해 피부를 봉 합하고 수술을 종료하였다. Figure 3. Erythematous swelling and tenderness on the operation site was shown 7 days later. Some yellowish, purulent discharge issues from the left lesion. 이후 특이 증상 없이 호전 양상을 보이던 중 1개월 후 좌측 수술 부위의 통증과 부종으로 재내원하여 국소마취 후 절개 배농을 시행하였다. 그로부터 1개월 후 우측 수술 낭성 조직으로 확인되었다. 술후 시행한 눈물주머니 조영술 부위의 농성 분비물 있어 절개 배농을 시행하였다. 이 때 을 통해 배출계의 계통성과 누루 부위로 유출이 없음을 확 시행한 배양 검사 결과 Actinomyces israelli가 동정되었 인하였다(Fig. 2). 다. 또 다시 1개월 후 좌측 수술부위의 부종, 통증 있어 절 수술 후 4일째부터 양측 눈 주위의 불편감과 수술부위 부 개 및 배농을 반복하여 시행하였고 그 후 증상은 호전되어 종, 양측의 농성 분비물을 호소하여(Fig. 3) cefuroxime 마지막 절개 배농 시술부터 6개월이 지난 현재까지 경과 1779
3 - 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 11 호 - 관찰중에있다. 고찰 선천성누루는출생시에증상이없어진단되지않고간과되는경우가많으며, 발견되더라도증상이없어무시하고지내다가감염에의해눈물흘림증상이발생하거나피부로눈물이배출되는미용적인문제때문에치료를원하게되어병원을찾게된다. Jeong 5 은선천성누루환자 9명중코눈물관폐쇄가동반되지않은경우는대개 4세이후에발견되고최연장자는 32세였다고보고하였다. 본증례의환자는 22세로출생시부터덧눈물점존재는인지하고있었으나눈물흘림등의증상은없었고, 10대후반부터반복적인급성누낭염이발생하였다. 염증은항생제경구복용으로대부분치료가능하였으나증상발생빈도가점점짧아져서수술을결정하고본원에내원한경우이다. 본환자에서저자들이경험했던문제점은누루절제술을시행한후수술부위의반복적인감염과염증이발생하여수차례의절개및배농이필요했던점이다. 선천성누루의수술적치료실패와관련된요소로수술전의눈물주머니조영검사또는눈물길신티그래피검사상코눈물관폐쇄정도가관련이있을것으로보고된바있다. 4 그러나본환자는수술전에눈물흘림이나고임등의증상은없었으며술전눈물주머니조영검사에서도눈물길폐쇄는동반되어있지않았다. 저자들은본환자의치료실패원인으로일반적인경우보다누루의개구부가누점에서멀게위치했던점을생각해보았다. 누루개구부의위치에대한기존의문헌을살펴보면, 대부분의선천성누루는내안각의하측에그개구부가위치한다고보고하고있다. 6,7 Song et al 2 의보고에서선천성누루진단환자 14명 15안의경우모두내안각의하측에위치하였고주름안에숨어있어내안각을내측으로젖힌상태에서정확히볼수있었다고보고하였다. 다른보고에서는선천성누루 22안중내안각의내하측이 16안, 내안각의내측이 5안, 아랫눈꺼풀내측결막에있었던경우가 1안이었다. 4 Kim and Kim 1 의보고에서선천성누루의개구부위치에대한구체적인언급이있으며개구부는하누점에서부터 6 mm 거리내하방에위치하고있었다고보고한바있다. 이는선천성누루개구부의거리를누점으로부터측정하여제시한유일한기존의보고이다. 본증례에서누루개구부의위치는하누점에서부터 12 mm 내하방으로길었다. 수술과정중상대적으로긴선천성누루로인해누루가부족절제되었을가능성이있다. 또한긴공간의수술부위내에눈물이정체될수있기때문에반복적인감염의기회가높았을것 으로저자들은추측한다. Welham et al 6 은선천성누루의기시부가공통눈물소관보다는눈물주머니에연결되어있을때감염의가능성이많다고언급하였는데이는비정상적인낭구조나관구조내눈물과분비물의정체현상이발생하면서감염의위험이증가하게되기때문이며이러한경우정체가가능한구조를완전히절제후눈물주머니조영술을통해정상눈물주행로의개통성을확인하는것이필요하다고하였다. 감염의병원체로규명된 Actinomyces israelli는그람양성균이며눈물소관염의가장흔한원인으로눈물소관염외에도누낭염, 눈꺼풀염, 각막염을일으킨다. 국소적, 전신적항생제치료에잘반응하지않고눈물소관염의경우눈물점성형술과함께눈물소관내유황과립으로인해형성된결석을함께제거하는수술적치료가필요한것으로알려져있다. 8,9 Actinomyces 에의한눈물소관염의대표적증상은통상의항생제점안치료시재발하는만성화농성결막염, 눈물점부위를누를경우분비되는노란분비물, 눈물소관의부종 10 등이있는데, 본환자의눈물소관에서이와같은소견은관찰되지않았다. 본증례에서수술후발생한염증은선천성누루의개구부위치에서반복적으로발생하였고, 이는누낭에해당하는피부부위와상당부분위치가겹쳐몇몇문헌보고에의한것처럼 Actinomyces에의한누낭염도동반되었을가능성이있다. 11 기존의눈물소관은온전한데선천성누루에서만감염이발생한기전에대해서는명확하게설명하기는어려우나앞서언급했듯이누루절제술을통해긴빈공간이만들어지면서눈물이정체되고, 감염에취약한환경이조성되었을것으로판단된다. Actinomyces 등의균주에의한감염이동반되었을때대개눈물소관은확장되어게실처럼생기게된다고알려졌다. 더구나 Actinomyces 균주의특징으로인해누루의절제이후눈물소관및누낭에과립과감염성물질이잔존할경우감염가능성이높아지고, 조직의구조적완전성은느리게회복되어염증이재발되는가능성을높였을것으로생각한다. 저자들은누루절제술후반복된감염과염증소견을보이는사례를경험하였으며본환자에서선천성누루의개구부의위치가내안각으로부터멀리떨어져있어, 즉선천성누루의길이가보다길었던점이수술후감염과염증이반복하여발생하는데역할을했을것이라고추측한다. 따라서선천성누루의개구부의위치가눈물점으로얼마나떨어져있는지를파악하는것은수술적치료에있어술전에술후감염이나재발의합병증을예측하고, 환자를교육하는데있어서도움이될수있을것이라생각한다. 1780
4 - 김현아외 : 절제술후반복감염을보인선천성누루 - REFERENCES 1) Kim HY, Kim JS. Two cases of congenital fistula of the lacrimal sac. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1983;24: ) Song BY, Kang HR, Kim S. The clinical evaluation of congenital lacrimal fistula. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2004;45: ) Zhuang L, Sylvester CL, Simons JP. Bilateral congenital lacrimal fistulae: a case report and review of the literature. Laryngoscope 2010;120 Suppl 4:S230. 4) Song BY, Ji YS, Wu MH, et al. The clinical manifestations and treatment results of congenital lacrimal fistula. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2006;47: ) Jeong SK. Surgery for the congenital lacrimal fistula. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2002;43: ) Welham RA, Bates AK, Stasior GO. Congenital lacrimal fistula. Eye (Lond) 1992;6(Pt 2): ) Howard RO, Caldwell JB. Congenital fistula of the lacrimal sac. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;67: ) Vujancević S, Meyer-Rüsenberg HW. [Therapy for actinomycosis in the lacrimal pathway]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010;227: ) Yuksel D, Hazirolan D, Sungur G, Duman S. Actinomyces canaliculitis and its surgical treatment. Int Ophthalmol 2012;32: ) Briscoe D, Edelstein E, Zacharopoulos I, et al. Actinomyces canaliculitis: diagnosis of a masquerading disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242: ) Ari S, Cingu K, Şahin A, Özkök A, Çaça I. The outcomes of surgical treatment in fistulous dacryocystitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013;17:
5 - 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 11 호 - =ABSTRACT= Repeated Infection and Inflammation in a Case with Bilateral Congenital Lacrimal Fistula after Complete Fistulectomy Hyun A Kim, MD 1, Hye Sun Choi, MD 2, Sun Young Jang, MD 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine 1, Bucheon, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University, Kim s Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute 2, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To report a case of bilateral congenital lacrimal fistula that presented with repeated infection and inflammation after complete fistulectomy, which required an incision and drainage of pus from the operation site. Case summary: A 22-year-old male without any medical history presented with repeated erythematous swelling and inflammation, resulting in tenderness around the opening of congenital lacrimal fistula. The lacrimal fistula opening was located approximately 12 mm inferiorly apart from the medial canthus. The complete excision of lacrimal fistula was performed without any inter-operative events. However, 4 days postoperatively, the patient complained of discomfort and swelling, with purulent discharge from the bilateral operation site. There was no improvement although treatment with antibiotics, incision and drainage was performed. After 1 month, an additional incision and drainage was necessary due to inflammation in the left operation site. One month later, pus and purulent discharge were occurring from the right operation site, requiring an additional incision and drainage. At that time, Actinomyces israelli was identified on wound culture examination. One month later, an additional incision and drainage was performed due to repeated inflammation in the left operation site. In the present case, we hypothesized the opening site of congenital lacrimal fistula was relatively far apart from the medial canthus and played a role in atypical repeated inflammation and infection on the operation site. Conclusions: In surgical treatment of congenital lacrimal fistula, careful preoperative observation of the location of the lacrimal fistula s opening site would be helpful in prediction of postoperative complication, such as wound infection and inflammation, as well as in educating and informing the patient. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(11): Key Words: Congenital fistula, Fistulectomy, Location of opening, Wound infection Address reprint requests to Sun Young Jang, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital #170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon , Korea Tel: , Fax: , syjang@schmc.ac.kr 1782
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