약용 식물의 성분

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1 약용식물의성분

2 약용식물의성분과화학분류 생합성경로 : acetate-malonate 경로 (C-2) shikimic acid 경로 (C-9) mevalonic acid 경로 (C-5) amino acid 경로 (alkaloid) (C9) CH H H H C C C (N) (C2) (C5)

Flavonoid Flavonoids are most commonly known for

However, it is now known that the health benefits

bioflavonoids in the media the terms are largely

3 Flavonoid Flavonoids are most commonly known for their antioxidant activity. However, it is now known that the health benefits they provide against cancer and heart disease are the result of other mechanisms. Flavonoids are also commonly referred to as bioflavonoids in the media the terms are largely equivalent and interchangeable, for most flavonoids are biological in origin. H H H 출처 : wikipedia

The other classes of phytoestrogens are the isoflavones.

4 Lignan The lignans are a group of chemical compounds found in plants, particularly in flax seed. Lignans are one of the major classes of phytoestrogens, which are estrogen-like chemicals and also act as antioxidants. The other classes of phytoestrogens are the isoflavones. Plant lignans are polyphenolic substances derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols to a dibenzylbutane skeleton 2 2 R 2 R 1 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H shizandrin: R 1=R2=CH3 gomisin A: --CH 2-- 오미자 (Schizandra chinensis ) CH 3 출처 : wikipedia

Coumarin Coumarin is a chemical compound (benzopyrone); a toxin found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass.

5 Coumarin Coumarin is a chemical compound (benzopyrone); a toxin found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has a sweet scent, readily recognised as the scent of newly-mown hay, and has been used in perfumes since It has clinical medical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin. H warfarin woodruff 애엽 (Artemisiae argi): 약쑥. 여성들의산부인과질환 ( 출혈증상, 속이냉하여생기는복통, 요통등에달이거나뜸으로 ) 이나냄새를없애는목적으로사용. 사철쑥 ( 면인진 =Artemisia capillaris): 전통적으로중국에서유래하여과거에는한방에서많이이용해온쑥, 인진. 더위지기쑥 ( 한인진 =Artemisia iwayomogi): 우리나라에서자생하는쑥. 최근에와서는사철쑥보다한인진이라고하여더많이재배되고이용. 출처 : wikipedia 웜우드 (Artemisia absinthium): 강장, 소화촉진작용. 우울증, 황달. 꽃이나잎을허브차로이용.

탄닌 (tannin) Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and precipitate proteins.

polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong complexes with

Tannins are incompatible with gelatin, heavy metals, iron, lime water, metallic salts, strong oxidizing agents and zinc sulfate.

6 탄닌 (tannin) Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and precipitate proteins. The astringency from the tannins is what causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of red wine, strong tea, or an unripened fruit. The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hides into leather; however, the term is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecules. Tannins have molecular weights ranging from 500 to over 3,000. Tannins are incompatible with gelatin, heavy metals, iron, lime water, metallic salts, strong oxidizing agents and zinc sulfate. Medical potential; Tannins have shown potential antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. In the past few years tannins have also been studied for their potential effects against cancer through different mechanisms. Tannins, including gallo and ellagic acid (epigallitannins), are inhibitors of HIV replication. 출처 : wikipedia

7 식물색소 엽록소외에과피, 잎등에함유, Cartenoid, flavonoid, benzoquinone, anthraquinone 등 Quinone Benzoquinone, or quinone is one of the two isomers of cyclohexadienedione. Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound. It is a derivative of anthracene. It has the appearance of yellow or light gray to gray-green solid crystalline powder. Anthraquinones naturally occur in some plants (e.g. aloe, senna, rhubarb, and cascara), fungi, lichens, and insects, where they serve as a basic skeleton for their pigments. Natural anthraquinone derivatives tend to have laxative effects. 출처 : wikipedia

일부를제외하고는독성이없다 독성물질의예 : 피마자의 ricinoleic acid CH H H 지질 (Lipid) ricinoleic aicd H 1 6 9 12 6 w 1 gamma-linolenic acid

8 지방산 (Fatty acid) acetyl Co A + malonyl Co A 의연속적인축합반응에의하여생성된화합물 (C 16 C 20 ) Stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid CH 3 (CH 2 )nch RCH 지방족 carboxylic acid (CH) chain 의길이가다양함 주로짝수개의탄소수를가지고있다 식물체내에 triglyceride 형태로존재함 일부를제외하고는독성이없다 독성물질의예 : 피마자의 ricinoleic acid CH H H 지질 (Lipid) ricinoleic aicd H w 1 gamma-linolenic acid 지방산이 glycerol 과 ester 결합한물질 ( 단순지질, 복합지질, 당지질, 인지질 ) CH 3 (CH2) 14 CH 3 (CH2) 18 C C C (CH 2 ) 16 CH 3 H glycerol H H

Saponin Saponins are a class of chemical compounds, one of many secondary

produce when shaken in aqueous solutions, and structurally by their being

9 Saponin Saponins are a class of chemical compounds, one of many secondary metabolites found in natural sources, with saponins found in particular abundance in various plant species. Specifically, they are amphipathic glycosides by the soap-like foaming they produce when shaken in aqueous solutions, and structurally by their being composed of one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpene derivative 출처 : 한국민족문화대백과 출처 : 네이버캐스트

10 약용식물의바이오테크놀로 지

11 약용식물의바이오테크놀로지 식물체가가지고있는우수한기능을응용하는기술을총칭. 생리활성성분의대량생산이가능. 약용식물의생체및그기능조작과그것에관계되는엔지니어링의총칭 출처 : 종합약용식물학 ( 학창사 )

12 조직배양 (Tissue culture) 분화전능성, 전형성능 세포분열조직 Callus 생성배양 전식물체형성 IAA, 2,4-D, NAA 등과같은식물생장호르몬첨가 Kinetin, zeathin, 6-benzyl adenine 등의 cytokinin 목적하는식물을대량으로, 단시간에생산가능 특정의생리활성물질의대량생산에도이용가능

13 클론 (Clone) 증식 클론 : 분주나삽목같은영양증식에의하여증식한자식물, 모식물과같은유전자구성 칼루스를증식시켜식물체를재분화시키는방법으로, 모식물과똑같은유전자구성을갖는클론의자식물을대량으로증식가능 도중에돌연변이가일어날수있음. 출처 : 종합약용식물학 ( 학창사 )

14 배양조직세포에의한생리활성물질의생산 활성물질의생산수단 합성에의한생산이불가능할때 원료식물의확보가어려울때 출처 : 종합약용식물학 ( 학창사 )

15 세포융합 Pectinase: pectin 분해세포분산 Cellulase: 세포벽용해원형질체확보 Polyethylene glycol, 전기자극 : 원형질체융합 전기자극 출처 : 종합약용식물학 ( 학창사 )

16 생약의품질평가

17 생약의품질평가 Botanical/Morphological Microscopic Evaluation Chemical Analysis Bioassay Genetic Analysis

18 생약시험법 이물 회분및산불용성회분 건조감량 정유정량법 엑스함량

19 1. 형태학적품질평가 외부형태학적평가법 ; 전형생약 (Botanical/Morphological Evaluation) 내부형태학적평가법 ; 전형생약및분말생약 (Microscopic Evaluation) Medicinal Plant Garden Collection of herbs

20 2. 이화학적품질평가 확인및순도 ( 정성 ) 시험 ; 생약의동정및진위감별, 이물검출목적 정량시험 ; 생약의품질 ( 良, 不 ) 판단

22 2-1. 정성시험 ( 확인및순도시험 ) 확인시험 ; 특징적성분에대한정색반응, 침전반응이용 1) Akaloid Mayer 시약, Dragendorff 시약, I 2 시약 2) Flavonoid; Mg-HCl에의한정색반응 3) Anthraquinone; Alkali에의한정색반응 4) Saponin; 물을넣어서흔들때의기포반응 5) Phenol; FeCl 3 에의한정색반응 6) Triterpenoid, Steroid; Libermann-Burchard 반응

23 순도시험 ; 위화물의혼입검출 분말생약, 엑스류생약및생약제제에유리 박층크로마토그래피를이용한확인및순도시험일반화 1. 매우간단하고단시간에평가가능, 비교적분리능이좋고다양한시약및가열, 자외선조사등의방법적용가능 일차적평가법으로효율적 ( 천연물관련공정서에 TLC 를이용한감별법수록 ) 2. 반정량적, 확인이불가능한경우도있음 3. R f 값, 발색, 정색반응으로확인 생약명 자외선 Rf값 정색시약 정색 계피 254; 자색 ,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 시액 황갈색 마황 % ninhydrin 에탄올용액 적자색 산초 365; 회적색 ~ 적색 0.70 육두구 0.60 I 2 vapor 황색

24 TLC 를이용한감초함유생약제제의확인시험법

25 2-2 정량시험 Botanical Drugs A group of active constituents General features Specific features Chromagraphic + fingerprint multicomponent quantitation The new QC for botanical drugs

26 생약의이화학적품질평가 ( 정량 ) 법설정

27 Ginkgo-After Hydrolysis Analysis of Ginkgo Flavonoids J. Chromatogr., 508, , 1990 J. Chromatogr., 605, 41-48, 1992

28 Products in comparison

29 2-3 생물학적품질평가 생물학적검정법 (Bioassay); 약효에대한객관적데이터표기생물학적검정평가법확립과운영의한계유효성분의함량으로약효를간접적으로판단예 ) 생물학적검정법의예황련의 berberine alkaloid 항미생물작용인진호의이담작용

식물의 이름

식물의 이름 식물의이름 지방명 (Local name) : 지역, 국가, 시대 일반명 (Common name) : 표준어 학명 (Scientific name) : 세계공통 생약 ( 약물 ) 명 : 형태, 특성, 한자명의거명명 - 할미꽃 ( 白頭翁 ), 칡 ( 葛根 ), 도라지 ( 桔梗 ) 지방명과일반명 지역, 나라마다다름 : 오해와혼란우려 Potato, patata( 스페인