09-07김우주

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "09-07김우주"

Transcription

1 대한응급의학회지제 19 권제 1 호 Volume 19, Number 1, February, 2008 원 저 정상혈압을가진폐색전증환자에서우심실기능부전의진단을위한 B-type natriuretic peptide 와 Troponin I 의유용성비교 울산의대서울아산병원응급의학과 김우주 윤재철 오범진 원 임경수 Comparison of B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Troponin I for Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Normotensive Pulmonary Embolism Woo-Joo Kim, M.D., Jae-Chol Yoon, M.D., Bum-Jin Oh, M.D., Won Kim, M.D., Kyoung-Soo Lim, M.D. Purpose: The severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) is determined by its associated degree of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). In normotensive PE, the presence of RVD makes the prognosis worse and generally leads to consideration of fibrinolysis treatment. Routine usage of echocardiograhy in the diagnosis of RVD associated with PE is limited in the emergency department (ED). We evaluated the usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin I (TnI) levels for the diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with normotensive PE and we suggest a cutoff value. Methods: Forty-five patients who visited the ED of Asan Medical Center from January 2003 to December 2006 and were confirmed with PE were retrospectively recruited. We excluded patients with heart failure or chronic renal failure. The cut-off values of BNP and TnI for diagnosis of RVD in normotensive PE were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: The cut-off value of BNP and TnI for the diagnosis of RVD were 149 pg/ml and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve were 0.87(95% CI, ) and 0.85(0.68~0.95). There were no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between BNP and TnI (p=0.841). 책임저자 : 김원서울특별시송파구풍납2동 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원응급의학교실 Tel: 02) , Fax: 02) wkim@amc.seoul.kr 접수일 : 2007년 10월 10일, 1차교정일 : 2007년 10월 19일게재승인일 : 2007년 11월 22일 58 Conclusion: In patients with normotensive PE, BNP and TnI were useful diagnostic test of RVD. The significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between BNP and TnI was not found. When BNP or TnI is elevated in normotensive PE patients, physician should consider RVD and suggest further evaluations. Key Words: Pulmonary embolism, B-type natriuretic peptide, Troponin I, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea 서 우심실부전은정상혈압의폐색전증환자에서치료와예후의측면에서중요한인자로알려져있다 1). 현재까지는심초음파검사가폐색전증에의한우심실부전을진단하는가장중요한검사법이다. 그러나응급실내에서는숙련된전문가에의한심초음파검사가항상시행될수없다는제한점이있다 2). 따라서응급실내에서간단하고빠르게우심실부전을진단할수있는검사법이필요하다. 심근세포는긴장이나손상을받게되면다양한생물학적표지자 (biomarkers) 를분비하게된다. 혈중 B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 는좌심실기능부전과상관관계가있는것으로알려져있으며좌심실부전진단에사용된다 3). 최근의연구들은폐색전증에서 BNP농도의증가가우심실부전과연관이있으며, 특히진단을배제할수있는도구로서유용하다고하였다 4,5). 심근의허혈이발생하면서분비되는심근의 troponin은심근손상에대해매우높은민감도와특이도를가진다. Meyer 등 6) 은폐색전증에서 troponin I (TnI) 가미세심근손상 (minor myocardial damage) 의식별에도움을주며, 우심실확장을가지는환자를진단하는데도움을줄수있음을제시하였다. Punukollu 등 7) 은정상혈압을가지는폐색전증환자군에서 TnI의분비는증상의기간에영향을받아증상발현후 72시간내에측정되었을때우심실부전의발견에유용하다고밝혔다. 론

2 김우주외 : 정상혈압을가진폐색전증환자에서우심실기능부전의진단을위한 B-type natriuretic peptide 와 Troponin I 의유용성비교 / 59 이에저자들은응급실내원당시수축기혈압이 100 mmhg이상의폐색전증환자중증상발현후 72시간내에 TnI가측정된환자들을대상으로우심실부전의진단적도구로서 BNP와 TnI의정확도를측정하고, 서로비교하고자본연구를시행하였다. 대상과방법 2003년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지본원응급의료센터에내원하여폐색전증이진단된 18세이상성인환자를대상으로후향적연구를시행하였다. 폐색전증은응급실에서시행된나선식컴퓨터단층촬영 (spiral CT) 상엽사이동맥이나근위부폐동맥의관내충만결손 (intraluminal filling defects) 이있는경우진단되었다. 총 87명의환자중 TnI 나 BNP의수치에영향을줄수있는관상동맥질환, 심부전, 심장판막질환, 만성신부전의과거력이있는환자, 타원에서폐색전증을진단받고본원응급센터에내원한환자, 폐색전증으로진단이되었으나생물학적표지자나심초음파검사가시행되지못한환자, 만성폐동맥고혈압환자를제외한 45명을대상으로연구를시행하였다. 내원당시의성별, 연령, 위험인자, 증상, 초기생체징후, 실험실소견, 심전도소견, 입원중경과등을조사하였다. 대상환자군은심초음파검사의결과에따라우심실부전이있는군과없는군으로분류하였다. 심초음파검사는응급센터내원 24시간이내에심장내과전문의에의해시행되었다. 심초음파검사상우심실부전의진단기준은, 1) 흉골연장축단면도상에서우심실내경이 30 mm 이상인경우, 2) 심첨 4방단면도상에서이완기말우심실 / 좌심실내경비가 1이상인경우, 3) 심실사이막의이상운동이있는경우, 4) 삼첨판역류분사속도가 2.8 m/s 이상인경우중한가지이상상기소견이있는경우로정의하였다 8). BNP와 TnI검사용혈액은내원후 1시간이내에채혈을하였다. 검사법은화학발광면역분석법에의한 Sandwich assay (ADVIA Centaur BNP assay, Bayer HealthCare LLC Diagnostic Division, Tarrytown, NY, USA) 로측정하였다. BNP의참고치 (reference level) 는 100 pg/ml이었다. TnI의최소검출농도 (minimum detectable concentration) 는 0.1 ng/ml, 심근손상결정농도 (injury detection concentration) 는 1.5 ng/ml이었다. BNP와 TnI의특정참고치에따른우심실부전의빈도를비교하였다. 통계통계검정은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을사용하였다. 연속형변수의경우평균과표준편차를구하였고범주형변수의 경우빈도를구하였다. 우심실부전이있는군과없는군을대상으로연속형변수의비교는 Student s t-test를이용하였다. 범주형변수의비교는카이제곱검증 (Chi-Square test) 과기대값이 5미만인셀이있는경우 Fisher의정확한검정 (Fisher s exact test) 을이용하였다. 우심실부전을진단할수있는 BNP와 TnI의경계값 (cut-off value) 를구하기위하여 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve를이용하였다. BNP와 TnI의 Area Under the Curve (AUC) 와 95% 신뢰구간을구한후서로비교하였다. 통계적유의수준은 p<0.05로하였다. 결과 1. 대상환자군의일반적인특징 (Table 1) 연구기간중전체대상환자는 87명이었고, 신부전 8명, 심혈관질환 6명, 만성폐동맥고혈압 2명, 혈역학적표지자검사를시행하지않았거나 72시간이후에측정한 17명, 심초음파검사를시행하지않은 9명을제외한나머지 45명을대상으로연구를시행하였다. 폐색전증환자 45명중우심실부전이있는군은 31명으로전체의 68.9% 였다. 대상환자들의평균연령은우심실부전군은 62.5세, 우심실부전이없는군은 64.1세로통계학적차이가없었다. 성별은우심실부전군에서여자가 21명 (67.7%) 으로우심실부전이없는군에비해서더많았다. 발병에서병원도착까지의시간은우심실부전군과우심실부전이없는군에서통계학적차이가없었다 (35.10±27.58 대 41.14±23.87). 위험인자는와상 (bed ridden) 상태가 18명 (40%) 으로가장흔하였고최근의수술력, 심부정맥혈전증과거력, 암등이있었으나두군간에차이는없었다. 내원당시임상양상으로는호흡곤란, 흉통, 실신순으로많았고두군간에차이는없었다. 내원당시생체징후에서는심박수에서만우심실부전군이 103.1±16.5 회 / 분, 우심실부전이없는군이 89.3±17.2 회 / 분으로두군간에차이가있었다. 실험실적소견에서 BNP와 TnI이우심실부전군에서각각 ± pg/ml, 0.90±1.62 ng/ml로우심실부전이없는군에비해서통계학적으로유의하게높았다 (Fig. 1). 우심실부전을시사하는심전도소견에서는 V1-3에서 T파의역위, S1Q3T3형태, 동성빈맥이우심실부전군에서우심실부전이없는군에비해통계학적으로유의하게빈도가높았다. 입원중에우심실부전군이우심실부전이없는군에비해혈전용해제치료, 중환자실입원의빈도가유의하게높았다. 승압제 (Dobutamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine) 의사용빈도는우심실부전군에서높았지만통계학적유의성은없었다. 폐색전증으로인한사망환자는 2명이었으며모두우심실부전군환자였다.

3 60 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 19 권제 1 호 심근의생물학적표지자와우심실부전의진단 BNP농도상승군이 ( 참고치, 100 pg/ml) 비상승군에비해우심실부전의빈도가더높았다 (p<0.01). TnI의심근손상값인 1.5 ng/ml 이상으로상승한우심실경색환자는 4명 (8.9%) 이었다 (Table 2). 우심실부전진단을위한생물학적표지자의특정값을구하기위하여각각의심근의생물학적표지자에대한 ROC curve를구하였다. BNP의 AUC 값은 0.87(0.70~0.96) 이었고, 경계값은 149 pg/ml 이었다. 선별적진단가치를판단하기위해그값보다큰경우를양성으로분석하였으며, BNP의선별진단기준값을 149 pg/ml로설정한경우민감도 77%, 특이도 91%, 양성우도비 ( 우심실부전이없는환자에서 BNP가분리값이상인것에비해우심실부전이있는환자에서 BNP가분리값이상이몇배인가를나타내는값 ) 8.50이었다. TnI의 AUC 값은 0.85(0.68~0.95) 이었고, 이상적인분리값은 0.2 ng/ml ( 민감도 58%, 특이도 100%, 양성우도비 1.17) 이었다 (Table 3). BNP와 TnI의 AUC값은통계학적차이가없었다 (Fig. 2). Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population Variables RVD (n=31) no RVD (n=14) p-value Age (y) 62.5± ± Female (%) 21 (67.7) 5 (35.7) Arrival time (hours) 35.10± ± Risk factor Bed-ridden state (n, %) 13 (41.9) 5 (35.7) Recent major surgery (n, %) 05 (16.1) 2 (14.3) * Prior DVT (n, %) 03 (09.7) 2 (14.3) * Cancer (n, %) 02 (06.5) 2 (14.3) * Symptoms Dyspnea (n, %) 27 (87.1) 10 (71.4) * Chest pain (n, %) 13 (41.9) 08 (57.1) Syncope (n, %) 04 (12.9) 00 (00.0) * Initial vital sign SBP (mmhg) ± ± DBP (mmhg) ± ± Heart rate (beats/minute) ± ± Respiratory rate 024.5± ± SpO 2 (%) 089.2± ± Laboratory finding D-dimer (ug/ml) ± ± CK-MB (ng/ml) ± ± TnI (ng/ml) ± ±0.36 0<0.01 BNP (pg/ml) ± ±62.02 <0.01 Electrocardiography (ECG) T wave inversion in V1-V3 14 (45.2) 1 (07.1) Right bundle branch block 10 (32.3) 2 (14.3) * S1Q 3T 3 pattern 18 (58.1) 2 (14.3) <0.01 Sinus tachycardia 16 (51.6) 2 (14.3) Atrial flutter/fibrillation 05 (17.9) 0 (00.0) * Hospital course Vasopressor use 09 (29.0) 1 (07.1) Thrombolytic therapy 08 (25.8) 0 (00.0) * ICU admission 19 (61.3) 2 (14.3) <0.01 RVD: right ventricular dysfunction, DVT: deep vein thrombosis, SBP, systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TnI, cardiac troponin I, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, ICU, intensive care unit * Fisher s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test Vasopressor: Dobutamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine

4 김우주외 : 정상혈압을가진폐색전증환자에서우심실기능부전의진단을위한 B-type natriuretic peptide 와 Troponin I 의유용성비교 / 61 Fig. 1. Box and plots shows B-type natriuretic peptide (A) and cardiac troponin I (B) concentrations of patients with pulmonary embolism with or without right ventricular dysfunction. Data are presented as median, 5~75% and min-max. RVD: right ventricular dysfunction, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, TnI: cardiac troponin I Table 2. The frequency of elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (TnI) in right ventricular dysfunction RVD (n=31) no RVD (n=14) p-value BNP > 100 pg/ml 17 (77.3) 3 (27.3) < 0.01* TnI 1.5 ng/ml 04 (12.9) 0 (00.0) RVD: right ventricular dysfunction n (%) * Fisher s exact test Table 3. Comparison of the efficiency of the BNP (value > 149 pg/ml) and TnI (value > 0.2 ng/ml) concentration in the diagnosis right ventricular dysfunction. Sensitivity 77.3 (54.6~92.1) 58.1 (39.1~75.4) Specificity 90.9 (58.7~98.5) (76.7~100.0) Positive likelihood ratio Negative likelihood ratio BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, TnI: cardiac troponin I BNP TnI

5 62 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 19 권제 1 호 2008 Fig. 2. Receiver operating characteristic curves of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (ctni) for the determination of right ventricular dysfunction in normotensive pulmonary embolism. 고 폐색전증의중증도는색전과혈관수축으로인한폐혈관 의폐쇄정도에따라결정된다. 폐혈관의폐쇄로인한폐혈관저항의증가는우심실의부하를증가시키고결국우심실부전을초래하게된다 1). Grifoni 등 9) 은정상혈압의폐색전증에서우심실부전은 31% 에서관찰되었고지연성혈역학적불안정성 (hemodynamic impairment) 을보이는경우쇽이 10% 에서발생하고원내사망이 5% 에서발생한다고하였다. 결과적으로우심실부전의조기발견이정상혈압의폐색전증환자의위험도선별에있어서중요한인자임을보여주었다. 본연구에서도우심실부전이있는군에서혈역학적불안정성이발생하여승압제나혈전용해제치료가필요한아대량폐색전증 (submassive embolism) 이 11례가발생하여우심실부전이없는군에비해서유의하게많았다. 또한중환자실입원도우심실부전군에서더많았다. 심초음파검사는폐색전증환자에서우심실부전을진단하는데가장중요한검사법이다. 우심실의확장과자유벽 (free wall) 의운동성저하, 심실중격의좌측편위, 폐동맥고혈압과같은심초음파소견이환자곁에서신속하고비침습적으로우심실부전을진단할수있는것으로제시되고있다. 하지만우심실의기능을측정할수있는표준화된심초음파기준의부족과이질성 (heterogeneity) 이제한점으로지적되고있다 2). 즉응급실에서는심초음파를대신하여신속하게우심실부전을진단할수있는임상적지표나실험실검사가필요하다 10). 찰 우심실부전군에서통계학적으로유의하게빈도가높았던임상적소견으로실신, 빈맥등이관찰되었다. 본연구에서도빈맥이통계학적으로유의하게차이를보였고, 실신은통계학적차이는없었지만우심실부전군에서만관찰되었다. 이는우심실부전으로인한혈역학적불안정성에서기인한것으로생각된다 8). 폐색전증에서우심실부전을진단하는심전도소견으로는 V1-3에서 T파의역위와 S1Q3T3 형태가있다 11). V1-3에서 T파의역위는갑작스런우심실의압력과부하로인한우심실의확장에기인하는것으로추정되고있다. 정상혈압의폐색전증환자만을대상으로시행한본연구에서우심실부전이있는군에서기능부전이없는군에비해통계학적으로유의하게차이가있었던소견으로는 T파의역위, S1Q3T3 형태, 동성빈맥이었다. BNP의분비는주로용적증가나압력과부하에의한심실심근세포의긴장에의해자극을받는다. 급성좌심실부전은신속한혈장 BNP농도의상승을야기한다. 또한만성우심실과부하 (overload) 만있는상태에서도 BNP농도의상승이관찰되었고, BNP농도는평균동맥압과우심실이완기말압력과양의상관관계가있었다 12,13). 폐색전증에서도급성우심실부전에반응하여 BNP농도가상승할수있음이제시되었다. Pieralli 등 14) 은정상혈압의폐색전증에서우심실부전이동반된환자는우심실부전이동반되지않은환자에비하여혈중 BNP 농도가증가하며, ROC curve를이용하여구한경계값 189 pg/ml에서민감도는 86%, 특이도 100% 라고하였다. Logeart 등 15) 의연구에서는우심실부전을진단하기위한경계값으로 200 pg/ml을제시하였고, 이때민감도는 83%, 특이도 87%, 양성예측도 88%, 음성예측도 82% 라고하였다. 정상혈압의폐색전증을대상으로시행한본연구에서도우심실부전이있는환자는우심실부전이없는환자에비하여 BNP 농도가증가되었으며 (445.50± pg/ml 대 67.82±62.02 pg/ml), BNP 농도 149 pg/ml 이상을경계값으로하였을때민감도는 77.3%, 특이도 90.9%, 양성우도비 8.50, 음성우도비 0.25였다. 정상적으로심근의 troponin은건강한사람의혈액에서검출되지않는다. Troponin의분비는여러가지상황에의한심근의손상에의해발생된다. 폐색전증에서 TnI의상승은우심실긴장의갑작스런상승으로인한우심실의허혈과손상에의한미세심근손상에의해유발된다 16). Troponin을분석할때에는 2가지의분리값이제시되고있다. 하나는정상대조군에서측정한결과의 97.5% 에해당하는상한참고치 (upper reference limit) 이고, 나머지는그보다더높은심근손상발견농도값이다. 이사이에해당하는값은미세심근손상 (minor myocardial damage) 을가리키고정상인에비해서사망률이증가하는것으로되어있다 17). 폐색전증에서 TnI에대한연구들은다양한경계값을기준으로시행되었고 TnI의상승이원내사망률과불량한예후와연관이있음

6 김우주외 : 정상혈압을가진폐색전증환자에서우심실기능부전의진단을위한 B-type natriuretic peptide 와 Troponin I 의유용성비교 / 63 을보여주었다 16). Meyer 등은폐색전증에서 TnI 의상승 ( 0.4 ng/ml) 이우심실부전과연관이있다고하였다 6). Logeart 등 15) 의연구에서우심실부전에서 TnI 의진단적가 치를처음평가하였고, 우심실부전의진단에있어서 BNP와 TnI의 AUC는각각 0.93과 0.72로 BNP의 AUC가높았다. 본연구에서는 BNP와 TnI의 AUC는각각 0.87(0.70~ 0.96), 0.85(0.68~0.95) 로좋은정확도를보여주었지만서로간의통계학적차이는없었다. 그러나 BNP의양성우도비가 8.50으로 TnI의양성우도비 1.17보다높아임상적으로더유용할것으로생각된다. BNP와 TnI의조합 (AUC, 0.91) 은 BNP단독 (AUC, 0.84) 이나 TnI단독 (AUC, 0.82) 과비교하여 AUC는높았지만통계적인차이는없어추가적인진단적가치를제공하지못하였다. 본연구에서심근손상농도이상으로 TnI가상승한환자는 4명이있었다. 정상혈압을가지는폐색전증에서심근손상농도이상으로상승한경우는드물게보고되었고불량한예후와연관이있었다 18,19). TnI가상승한 4명은모두중환자실에입원하였고 3명이혈전용해제치료를받았다. 내원당시 3명이호흡곤란을호소하였고 1명은실신을주소로내원하였다. 협심증유사증상 (angina equivalent) 으로내원한환자에서 TnI의상승이있는경우감별진단으로폐색전증을고려해야할것으로생각된다. 본연구의제한점은첫째, 우심실부전을진단하는데필요한심초음파의지표가모두기록되지않은점을들수있다. 응급센터내에서검사를시행하거나영상의질적저하로인해완벽하게측정되지않을수있었다. 둘째, 심근의생물학적표지자의추적검사가부족한점이다. 증상발현후빠른시간에오는경우생물학적표지자의상승이관찰되지않다가추적검사에서상승될가능성이있을것이다. 결 정상혈압을보이는폐색전증환자에서심근의생물학적표지자 BNP와 TnI의우심실부전의진단에이상적인분리값은 BNP 149 pg/ml, TnI 0.2 ng/ml 였다. 각각의 AUC는 0.87(0.70~0.96), 0.85(0.68~0.95) 로우심실부전을진단하는데정확성이높은검사방법이었으며두표지자간의정확도의차이는없었다. BNP와 TnI의상승이있는폐색전증환자는내원시정상혈압이라하더라도우심실부전에대한고려와추가검사및치료의필요성을고려해야할것이다. 론 참고문헌 01. Lualdi JC, Goldhaber SZ. Right ventricular dysfunction after acute pulmonary embolism: pathophysiologic factors, detection, and therapeutic implications. Am Heart J 1995;130: ten Wolde M, Sohne M, Quak E, Mac Gillavry MR, Buller HR. Prognostic value of echocardiographically assessed right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2004;164: Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Duc P, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;347: Tulevski II, Hirsch A, Sanson BJ, Romkes H, van der Wall EE, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Increased brain natriuretic peptide as a marker for right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2001;86: Kruger S, Graf J, Merx MW, Koch KC, Kunz D, Hanrath P, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide predicts right heart failure in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am Heart J 2004;147: Meyer T, Binder L, Hruska N, Luthe H, Buchwald AB. Cardiac troponin I elevation in acute pulmonary embolism is associated with right ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36: Punukollu G, Khan IA, Gowda RM, Lakhanpal G, Vasavada BC, Sacchi TJ. Cardiac troponin I release in acute pulmonary embolism in relation to the duration of symptoms. Int J Cardiol 2005;99: Kreit JW. The impact of right ventricular dysfunction on the prognosis and therapy of normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism. Chest 2004;125: Grifoni S, Olivotto I, Cecchini P, Pieralli F, Camaiti A, Santoro G, et al. Short-term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2000;101: Konstantinides S. Pulmonary embolism: impact of right ventricular dysfunction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2005;20: Punukollu G, Gowda RM, Vasavada BC, Khan IA. Role of electrocardiography in identifying right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 2005;96: Nagaya N, Nishikimi T, Okano Y, Uematsu M, Satoh T, Kyotani S, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels increase in proportion to the extent of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31: Tulevski II, Groenink M, van Der Wall EE, van Veldhuisen DJ, Boomsma F, Stoker J, et al. Increased brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in patients with chronic right ventricular pressure overload: correlation between plasma

7 64 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 19 권제 1 호 2008 neurohormones and right ventricular dysfunction. Heart 2001;86: Pieralli F, Olivotto I, Vanni S, Conti A, Camaiti A, Tarqioni G, et al. Usefulness of bedside testing for brain natriuretic peptide to identify right ventricular dysfunction and outcome in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 2006;97: Logeart D, Lecuyer L, Thabut G, Tabet JY, Tartie re JM, Chavelas C, et al. Biomarker-based strategy for screening right ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-massive pulmonary embolism. Intensive Care Med 2007;33: Söhne M, Ten Wolde M, Buller HR. Biomarkers in pulmonary embolisms. Curr Opin Cardiol 2004;19: Antman EM. Decision making with cardiac troponin tests. N Engl J Med 2002;346: Douketis JD, Crowther MA, Stanton EB, Ginsberg JS. Elevated cardiac troponin levels in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2002;162: Khan NU, Movahed A. Pulmonary embolism and cardiac enzymes. Heart Lung 2005;34:142-6.

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The

More information

06-이경룡

06-이경룡 대한응급의학회지제 17 권제 6 호 Volume 17, Number 6, December, 2006 원 저 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 건국대학교의과대학건국대학교병원응급의학과 이영주 백광제 이경룡 기 @ 웅 김진용

More information

Case Reports Korean Circulation J 2000;30 10 : Urokinase 정맥주사로치료한재발성폐혈전색전증 1 예 박경창 김지수 김삼 육청미 이상무 정성원 이남호 박대균 Recurrent Pulmonary Thromboembo

Case Reports Korean Circulation J 2000;30 10 : Urokinase 정맥주사로치료한재발성폐혈전색전증 1 예 박경창 김지수 김삼 육청미 이상무 정성원 이남호 박대균 Recurrent Pulmonary Thromboembo Case Reports Korean Circulation J 2000;3010:1285-1290 Urokinase 정맥주사로치료한재발성폐혈전색전증 1 예 박경창 김지수 김삼 육청미 이상무 정성원 이남호 박대균 Recurrent Pulmonary Thromboembolism Treated with Urokinase Kyung-Chang Park, MD, Jee-Soo

More information

08-15이종승

08-15이종승 대한응급의학회지제 24 권제 4 호 Volume 24, Number 4, August, 2013 원 저 혈역학적으로안정된폐색전증환자에서입원후저혈압발생예측을위한심근효소검사소견 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원응급의학교실, 강릉아산병원응급의학과 1 이종승 정상구 1 손창환 서동우 이재호 오범진 김원영 임경수 Value of Cardiac Biomarkers for Predicting

More information

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20BFA1C4DA5FC0D3BBF3C3CAC0BDC6C42E BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D>

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20BFA1C4DA5FC0D3BBF3C3CAC0BDC6C42E BC8A3C8AF20B8F0B5E55D> 심장 (Heart) 심초음파 서울대병원내과 김용진 심장은평생몇번이나뛸까요? 1) 3 백만번 2) 3 천만번 3) 3 억번 4) 30 억번 30 억박동, 2 억리터의혈액 Cause 심장질환 6.2 12.4 11.1 16.2 뇌졸중 4.3 8.5 7.7 11.3 기타심혈관질환 2.6 5.1 6.0 8.8 심혈관질환 13.1 26.0 24.8 36.3 총사망 50.4

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 심전도연수강좌 : 처음시작하는사람들을위한심전도 연세대학교원주의과대학순환기내과학교실 안민수 Cardiac Electrophysiology I : Automaticity : 60-100 회 /min, His bundle : 40-60 회 /min Bundle branch : 20-40 회 /min Purkinje fiber : 20 회 /min Cardiac Electrophysiology

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

슬라이드 1

슬라이드 1 Biomarkers in VTE Soonchunhyang Univ. Hospital, Seoul, Korea Division of Respiratory Medicine / Thrombosis Clinic Yang-Ki Kim Definition of Biological Markers Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

Microsoft Word - 순5-8.doc

Microsoft Word - 순5-8.doc Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 2005;35:389-395 ISSN 1738-5520 c 2005, The Korean Society of Circulation 폐동맥혈전색전증의진단과중증도판정에서심전도의역할 전남대학교의과대학내과학교실, 전남대학병원심장센터 윤남식 조정관 박형욱 고점석 이민구

More information

02-이건우

02-이건우 대한응급의학회지제 17 권제 4 호 Volume 17, Number 4, August, 2006 원저 울혈성심부전예측에대한혈청 NT-proBNP 와 BNP 의비교분석 가톨릭대학교의과대학응급의학교실 이건우 박규남 최승필ㆍ이미진ㆍ이원재ㆍ김한준 Comparative Analysis Between NTproBNP and BNP on the Prediction for

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

Microsoft PowerPoint - Benefits of CRT-D in CHF.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - Benefits of CRT-D in CHF.ppt Benefits of CRT-D in CHF 울산의대서울아산병원 최기준 ICD and CRT : The Perfect Marriage? Michel Mirowski and Morton Mower : Two Baltimore cardiologists If CRT-P alone provide predictable SCD prevention (or anti-arrhythmic

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

(Microsoft PowerPoint - S13-3_\261\350\273\363\307\366 [\310\243\310\257 \270\360\265\345])

(Microsoft PowerPoint - S13-3_\261\350\273\363\307\366 [\310\243\310\257 \270\360\265\345]) Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome 김상현 보라매병원내과 서울대학교의과대학내과학교실 Contents Metabolic syndrome and Cardiovascular system CVD Mortality Coronary artery disease Heart failure Atrial fibrillation Management

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Crt114( ).hwp

Crt114( ).hwp cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

( )Trd008.hwp

( )Trd008.hwp DOI: 10.4046/trd.2010.69.3.184 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2010;69:184-190 CopyrightC2010. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. All rights reserved.

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 2005 Korean J Lab Med 2005; 25: 임상화학 Access 2 및 AxSYM 에의한 BNP 검사와 Triage BNP 현장검사법과의비교 강소영 서진태 김명희 이우인 이희주 경희대학교의과대학진단검

대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 2005 Korean J Lab Med 2005; 25: 임상화학 Access 2 및 AxSYM 에의한 BNP 검사와 Triage BNP 현장검사법과의비교 강소영 서진태 김명희 이우인 이희주 경희대학교의과대학진단검 대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 25 Korean J Lab Med 25; 25: 3-5 임상화학 Access 2 및 AxSYM 에의한 BNP 검사와 Triage BNP 현장검사법과의비교 강소영 서진태 김명희 이우인 이희주 경희대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 Evaluation of BNP Assays with Access 2 and AxSYM BNP

More information

Microsoft Word - 순5-5.doc

Microsoft Word - 순5-5.doc Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 2006;36:359-365 ISSN 1738-5520 c 2006, The Korean Society of Circulation 이완기심부전증의진단및경과관찰에서 B-type Natriuretic Peptide 의역할 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원심장내과학교실 강덕현

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

Microsoft Word - 순3-5.doc

Microsoft Word - 순3-5.doc Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 2006;36:200-207 ISSN 1738-5520 c 2006, The Korean Society of Circulation 급성심부전환자에서조기추적 BNP 수치와울혈정도및예후와의관계 연세대학교원주의과대학순환기내과학교실, 1 응급의학과학교실 2 정일형 1

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

¼Û±âÇõ

¼Û±âÇõ 223 Table 1. Results of FEV 1.0, Methacholine Challenge Test, and Exercise Provocation Test in Eight Patients Who Performed PFT Pts Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FEV 1.0 (%pred) 66.6 88.8 120 101 90.5 95.4 91.6

More information

Trd022.hwp

Trd022.hwp 김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,

More information

#Ȳ¿ë¼®

#Ȳ¿ë¼® http://www.kbc.go.kr/ A B yk u δ = 2u k 1 = yk u = 0. 659 2nu k = 1 k k 1 n yk k Abstract Web Repertoire and Concentration Rate : Analysing Web Traffic Data Yong - Suk Hwang (Research

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770> 산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,

More information

<313420C1F5B7CA D C0CCB0E6BFEB2DC0CCC0E7B9FC2E687770>

<313420C1F5B7CA D C0CCB0E6BFEB2DC0CCC0E7B9FC2E687770> 대한내과학회지 : 제 89 권제 1 호 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2015.89.1.85 심실중격결손에의해과다폐색전증의증상이발현되지않은 1 예 안양샘병원순환기내과 이경용 정우조 김경중 두영재 최지욱 윤영섭 이재범 Case of Massive Pulmonary Embolism Masked by a Ventricular Septal

More information

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö A case of atrioventricular dissociation with interference ABSTRACT Interference dissociation is one of the most interesting arrhythmias. Once thought to be a rare arrhythmia, it is now considered a very

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 동일조건변경허락. 귀하가이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공했을경우에는,

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16

페링야간뇨소책자-내지-16 야간뇨의진단과치료 - 실제적접근 - Reference 1. Choo MS, Ku JH, Park CH et al. Prevalence of Nocturia in a Korean Population Aged 40 to 89 Years. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:60-64. 2. Weiss JP. Prevalence

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

2144

2144 대한진단검사의학회지제 28 권제 6 호 2008 Korean J Lab Med 2008;28:419-24 DOI 10.3343/kjlm.2008.28.6.419 Original Article Diagnostic Hematology 폐색전증진단을위한 D-dimer 검사의유용성 : 단일기관연구 박노진 1 서영익 1 윤순규 1 최태윤 1 신정원 1 어수택 2 김양기

More information

04-10이영주

04-10이영주 대한응급의학회지제 19 권제 2 호 Volume 19, Number 2, April, 2008 원 저 흉통환자에서전벽 ST 상승심근경색 (Anterior wall ST Elevation Myocardial Infarciton) 과양성조기재분극 (Benign Early Repolarization) 의심전도적감별진단 건국대학교의과대학건국대학교병원응급의학과, 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원응급의학교실

More information

Jkbcs032.hwp

Jkbcs032.hwp Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments

More information

K O R E A C E N T E R S F O R D I S E A S E C O N T R O L & P R E V E N T I O N PHWR Vol. 5 No. 41 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr 2012 10 12 5 41 ISSN:2005-811X Comparison of drug-susceptibility test to the anti-tuberculosis

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

untitled

untitled 대한수혈학회지:제권 제호, 0 한 대학병원의 혈액 폐기 분석 김병철ㆍ서영익ㆍ채금란ㆍ신정원ㆍ최태윤 = Abstract = 순천향대학교 의과대학 서울병원 진단검사의학교실 Analysis of Discarded Blood Components at a University Hospital in Korea Byung Chul Kim, Young Ik Seo, Gum Ran

More information

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö

ºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö A case of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachycardia treated by ICD ABSTRACT Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a syndrome characterized by left or biventricular dilatation and impaired

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Microsoft Word - 순7-8.doc

Microsoft Word - 순7-8.doc Original ORIGINAL Article ARTICLE Korean Circulation J 2006;36:526-534 ISSN 1738-5520 c 2006, The Korean Society of Circulation 급성심근경색이후 B-Type Natriuretic Peptide(BNP) 농도의조기변화와예후표지자로서의의의 연세대학교원주의과대학순환기내과학교실,

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Fluoroscopic anatomy for supraventricular tachycardia ablation Hui-Nam Pak, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cariovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College

More information

2014_........pdf

2014_........pdf 1, 1, 2, 1 (1, 2 ) Jin Suk Suh 1, Jong In Kim 1, Ryeong Jae Park 2, Sang Bum Park 1 (1 Korea Forest Research Institute, 2 Korea Traditional Dye Institute) Introduction (2011-2013), (VOCs)., (7 ),,. Materials

More information

04-04김동환

04-04김동환 대한응급의학회지제 20 권제 3 호 Volume 20, Number 3, June, 2009 원 저 급성심근경색진단에서 CK-MB 와 Troponin 의동시검사가꼭필요한가? 조선대학교의과대학응급의학교실 김동환 조수형 Is it Necessary to Study both Creatine Kinase MB and Troponin for an Acute Diagnosis

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

Kaes025.hwp

Kaes025.hwp 고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp

Jkbcs030(10)( ).hwp Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation Doo Min Sohn, Hyo Won Lee, Tae Yun Kim, Dan Song, Sung Yong Kim, Chul Wan Lim and Min Hyuk Lee Department of Surgery, College of

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

Risk of Developing Hypertension by Daily Intake of Alcohol

Risk of Developing Hypertension by Daily Intake of Alcohol JNC 7 ESH/ESC (Guidelines) Guidelines 2003. 5 JNC 7 Guidelines ; The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20B0B3BFF8C0C7BFACBCF6B0ADC1C220B0ADC0C7B7CF5FC1B6B1B8BFB5>

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20B0B3BFF8C0C7BFACBCF6B0ADC1C220B0ADC0C7B7CF5FC1B6B1B8BFB5> 순환기내과 조구영 Disorder causing dyspnea Pulmonary Air flow limitation, restrictive, chest wall, pulmonary circulation Cardiac Coronary Valvular Myocardial: systolic or diastolic disorder Anemia Peripheral circulation

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information