06-이경룡

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1 대한응급의학회지제 17 권제 6 호 Volume 17, Number 6, December, 2006 원 저 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 건국대학교의과대학건국대학교병원응급의학과 이영주 백광제 이경룡 웅 김진용 Diagnostic Value of N-terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in Diastolic Heart Failure Young Ju Lee, M.D., Kwang Je Baek, M.D., Kyeong Ryong Lee, M.D., Woong Ki, M.D., Jin Yong Kim, M.D. Purpose: Diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) is difficult in the emergency care setting using clinical diagnostic tests. Although echocardiography is important for making the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction, its cost and lack of availability limit its use as a routine screening test. The utility of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) testing in the emergency department for differentiating between systolic (SHF) and diastolic heart failure (DHF) are not well established. Methods: One-hundred-seven consecutive patients with acute dyspnea, who visited our emergency medical center from January 2006 to August 2006 were prospectively recruited. Patients with acute coronary syndrome and chronic renal failure were excluded from study enrollment. The diagnosis of DHF was based on European study group guidelines on diastolic heart failure. The diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The mean age was 69±11 years, and 59% of the patients were women. The median NT-proBNP level among 41 patients (38%) who had SHF was 3817 and 26 patients (24%) who had DHF was 1781 pg/ml versus 550 pg/ml for those 40 patients (37%) who did not have acute 책임저자 : 이경룡서울특별시광진구화양동 4-12 건국대학교의과대학응급의학교실 Tel: 02) , Fax: 02) lkrer@kuh.ac.kr 접수일 : 2006년 9월 20일, 1차교정일 : 2006년 9월 29일게재승인일 : 2006년 11월 21일 566 CHF (p=0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI of ). At a cutoff of 700 pg/ml, NT-proBNP had a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 78%, and an overall accuracy of 84% for acute CHF (p<0.01). NT-proBNP levels were correlated well with left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. But, although SHF had significant higher NT-proBNP levels than those with DHF, NT-proBNP levels were unable to differentiate systolic versus diastolic heart failure. Conclusion: NT-proBNP appears to be useful as an aid in the diagnosis of CHF in acute dyspnea patients to the emergency department. Whereas NT-proBNP could not differentiate SHF from DHF, therefore, its clinical major role is still the separation of patients with CHF from those without CHF. Key Words: NT-proBNP, Diagnosis, Congestive heart failure Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Konkuk College of Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 서 호흡곤란을주소로응급실에내원한환자에서심부전을진단하는것은중요하다. 호흡곤란의원인질환이심부전인지폐질환인지에따라치료와예후가달라진다. 하지만심부전을진단하더라도심부전이좌심실수축기능장애에의한수축기심부전 (Systolic heart failure) 인지좌심실이완기능장애에의한이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 인지를감별진단하는것은중요하다. 왜냐하면이완기심부전은전체심부전환자의약 40~55% 를차지하는것으로보고되고있으며 1) 진단이어렵고수축기심부전과치료와예후가다르기때문이다 2). 환자의일반적인병력, 신체검사, 흉부방사선검사, 심전도와같은임상적자료로는수축기심부전과이완기심부전을감별진단할수가없다 3). 이완기심부전의진단은주로배제진단법에의하여내려지 론

2 이영주외 : 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 / 567 는데이완기심부전의진단을위해서는심초음파검사가필수적이다. 하지만심초음파는비용이비싸고선별검사로써항상이용할수없다는단점이있다. 따라서심부전의진단과수축기및이완기심부전을감별진단할수있는간단하고빠른검사법이요구되고있다. 이러한요구로심장의용적이나압력증가시심근세포에서분비되는 natriuretic peptide에대한연구가진행되었다. 심근세포에서분비된 probrain natriuretic peptide (probnp) 는 32 개아미노산고리로이루어진 brain natriuretic peptide(bnp) 와 76개아미노산고리로이루어진 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) 로분리된다 4). 혈중 BNP 검사는심부전환자의진단에있어정확한검사법임이밝혀졌으며최근에는 BNP 뿐만이아니라 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 또한심부전의진단에있어정확한검사법임이보고되었다 5). 따라서본저자들은 NT-proBNP가좌심실의수축기능및이완기능장애정도와일치하는지여부와수축기심부전및이완기심부전을감별진단할수있는지알아보고자본연구를시행하였다. 대상과방법 1. 연구대상 2006년 1월부터 2006년 8월까지본원응급의료센터에급성호흡곤란을주소로내원한 20 세이상의성인환자를대상으로하였다. 호흡곤란의정도는 New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional classification을이용하여중증도를분류하였으며 NYHA class I에해당하는환자는연구대상에포함시키지않았다. 급성심근경색, 불안정성협심증, 우심부전, 만성신부전환자는연구대상에서제외하였다. 또한혈중 NT-proBNP검사후심초음파검사를시행하지않은경우도연구대상에서제외하였다. 급성호흡곤란의최종진단은환자의임상경과를종합하여진단하였다. 2. NT-proBNP의측정환자내원후 30 분이내에 NT-proBNP검사를위한채혈을하였으며채혈한혈액은 ethylen diamine tetra Table 1. General characteristics of patients Characteristics SHF DHF non-chf p value Patients Age 69.7± ± ± female (n, %) 23 (56%) 20 (77%) 20 (50%) 0.02 History Hypertension (n, %) 20 (48.8%) 13 (50.0%) 22 (55.0%) 0.83 Diabetes (n, %) 18 (43.9%) 11 (42.3%) 11 (27.5%) 0.32 CHF (n, %) 22 (53.7%) 7 (26.9%) 3 ( 7.5%) 0.01 COPD (n, %) 4 ( 9.8%) 1 ( 3.8%) 14 (35.0%) 0.01 Sign Rale 21 (51.2%) 11(42.3%) 11 (27.5%) 0.01 NVD 6 (14.6%) 2 ( 7.7%) 1 ( 2.5%) 0.04 Wheezing 11 (26.8%) 6 (23.1%) 19 (47.5%) 0.03 Edema 9 (21.9%) 3 (11.5%) 5 (12.5%) 0.09 Chest radiography Cardiomegaly (n, %) 35 (85.4%) 17 (65.4%) 6 (15.0%) 0.01 alveolar edema (n, %) 22 (53.7%) 6 (23.1%) 1 ( 2.5%) 0.01 NT-proBNP (pg/ml) ± ± ± SHF: systolic heart failure DHF: diastolic heart failure non-chf: without congestive heart failure COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NVD: neck vein distension NT-proBNP: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide

3 568 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 17 권제 6 호 2006 acetic acid (EDTA) 관에담아검사실로보낸뒤혈청으로 NT-proBNP를측정하였다 (Roschue Elecsys 1020/2010/ MODULAR ANALYTICS E170, Roschue, Penzberg, German). 검사법은 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) 이며검사소요시간은약 18분이었다. 3. 심초음파검사심부전은심장내과전문의두명이환자의임상경과를종합하여판단하였다. 심장내과전문의들은환자의 NTproBNP 검사결과를알지못하는상태에서환자의병력, 신체검사, 흉부방사선사진, 심초음파소견의임상자료와 Framingham criteria를기준으로심부전을진단하였다. 이완기심부전의진단기준은유럽심장학회에서권고하는기준으로하였다 6). 응급실에서심초음파검사가가능한경우는응급의학과전문의가내원 1시간이내에검사를하였으며환자의호흡곤란이심하여응급실에서심초음파검사를시행하지못한환자는입원 3일이내에심장내과전문의가검사를하였다. 심초음파검사상좌심실구혈율 (ejection fraction) 이 45% 이하인경우를수축기심부전으로정의하였다 6). 좌심실구혈율은 modified Simpson`s rule을이용하여심첨 4방단면도 (apical 4 chamber view) 상에서 single plane method를이용하여측정하였다. 이완기심부전의최종진단기준은유럽심장학회에서권고하는기준을따랐으며 6), 심부전의증상및징후가있으면서좌심실구혈율 (LV ejection fraction) 이 45% 이상이고이완기능장애가있는경우로하였다. 이완기능부전은도플러심초음파소견에따라 impaired relaxation (E/A비 <1, DT [Deceleration time] >220 ms), pseudonormal (E/A비 1~2, DT 150~220 ms), restrictive pattern (E/A비 >2, DT <150 ms) 으로분류하였다. 4. 통계통계검정은 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을사용하였으며수축기심부전군, 이완기심부전군과비심부전군의 NT-proBNP 평균비교는일원배치분산분석을이용하였다. 좌심실수축기및이완기능장애중증도에따른평균비교또한일원배치분산분석을이용하였다. 심부전의진단및수축기심부전과이완기심부전의감별진단은 ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve를이용하여 NTproBNP의분리값 (cutoff value) 을구했으며민감도와특이도비교는교차분석을사용하였다. 통계적유의수준은 p<0.05로하였다. 결과 1. 대상환자의특성연구기간중전체대상환자는 129 명이었으나급성심근경색 3명, 불안정성협심증 4명, 만성신부전 6명은연구대상에서제외하였다. 또한, 심초음파검사를시행하지않은 9명을제외한나머지 107 명을대상으로연구를시행하였다. 대상환자들은최종결과에따라수축기심부전, 이완기심부전, 비심부전군으로분류하였다. 대상환자들의평균연령은수축기심부전군은 69 세, 이완기심부전군은 72 세, 비심부전군은 66 세로이완기심부전군의평균연령이비심부전군보다더높았다 (p=0.04). 성별은이완기심부전군에서여자가 20(77%) 명으로나머지군보다유의하게많았다 (Table 1). 고혈압과당뇨병의과거력은두군에서유의한차이가없었다. 심부전의과거력은수축기심부전군에서더흔하였으며흉부방사선검사상심비대와폐부종은심 Table 2. Echocardiographic variables of patients SHF (n=41) DHF (n=26) non-chf (n=40) p value Ejection fraction (%) 31.1± ± ± LVEDD (mm) 59.0± ± ± E (cm/s) 80.7± ± ± A (cm/s) 73.8± ± ± E/A ratio 1.35± ± ± DT (ms) 182.1± ± ± LVH (n, %) 8 (19.5%) 9 (34.6%) 11 (27.5%) 0.50 SHF: systolic heart failure DHF: diastolic heart failure non-chf: without congestive heart failure LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter DT: deceleration time of E wave LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy

4 이영주외 : 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 / 569 부전군에서더흔하였다. 2. 심초음파지수 심초음파검사상좌심실구혈율 (LV ejection fraction) 은수축기심부전군이 31.1±7.3%, 이완기심부전군 59.4 ±7.7%, 비심부전군 65.6±8.8% 로수축기심부전군이다른군들보다낮았으며이완기심부전군과비심부전군사이에는차이가없었다 (Table 2). 좌심실이완기말내경 (LV end diastolic diameter) 은수축기심부전군이 59.0±6.7 mm로나머지군보다더넓었다 (p=0.01). E파는심부전군 Fig. 1. (A) Box plots showing median levels of NT-proBNP measured in the emergency department in patients with dyspnea in those with systolic heart failure (SHF) and diastolic heart failure (DHF) and in those without congestive heart failure. (B) Correlation between median NT-proBNP levels and symptom severity based on New York Heart Association symptom classification. Fig. 2. Box plots showing correlation of median levels of NT-proBNP with degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (A) and diastolic dysfunction (B).

5 570 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 17 권제 6 호 2006 에서더높았으며 A파는이완기심부전군에서더높았다. E/A비는수축기심부전군에서더컸으며 E파의감속시간 (deceleration time) 은수축기심부전군에서더짧았다. 3. 심부전의중증도에따른 NT-proBNP의농도수축기심부전군의 NT-proBNP 농도는 ± pg/ml, 이완기심부전군은 ± pg/ml, 비심부전군은 550.4±839.7 pg/ml 이었다 (Table 1). 심부전군의 NT-proBNP 농도는비심부전군보다유의하게높았으며 (p<0.01) 수축기심부전군과이완기심부전군사이에도차이가있었다 (Fig. 1A). 호흡곤란의정도 (New York Heart Association classification) 에따른 NTproBNP 농도는등급 2군은 863.3± pg/ml, 등급 3군은 ± pg/ml, 등급 4군은 ± pg/ml으로, 2군과 3군사이에는차이가없었으나 4군은나머지군들보다유의하게 NT-proBNP 농도가높 았다 (Fig. 1B). 좌심실구혈율 (EF) 에따른 NT-proBNP 농도는좌심실수축기능정상군 (EF >55%) 은 ± pg/ml, 경도수축기장애군 (EF 45-55%) 은 ± pg/ml, 중등도수축기장애군 (EF 35~45%) 은 ± pg/ml, 중증수축기장애군 (EF <35%) 은 ± pg/ml 이었다 (Fig. 2A). 수축기능정상군과경도수축기장애군보다중등도, 중증수축기장애군의 NT-proBNP 농도가유의하게높았으나 (p=0.02) 중등도와중증수축기장애군사이에는차이가없었다 (p=0.66). 도플러심초음파소견에따라이완기능을분류하였을때, 정상군의 NT-proBNP 농도는 798.4± pg/ml, impaired relaxation군은 ± pg/ml, pseudonormal군은 ± pg/ml, restrictive 군은 ± pg/ml 이었다 (Fig. 2B). 정상군과 impaired relaxation군보다 pseudonormal, restrictive군의 NT-proBNP 농도가유의하게높았으나 (p=0.01) pseudonormal군과 restrictive Fig. 3. Receiver Operating Curves for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure (A) and differentiation of systolic and diastolic heart failure (B) by NT-proBNP. Table 3. Cut-off values of the NT-proBNP for diasgnosing congestive heart failure NT-proBNP Positive Negative Sensitivity Specificity (pg/ml) predictive value predictive value Accuracy % 28.2% 35.2% 76.7% 50.7% % 57.4% 50.0% 73.7% 68.5% % 71.7% 48.0% 78.5% 67.1% % 73.9% 50.0% 79.0% 68.6% NT-proBNP: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide

6 이영주외 : 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 / 571 군사이에는차이가없었다 (p=0.29). 4. 심부전에대한 NT-proBNP의진단적가치심부전진단에대한 NT-proBNP의민감도와특이도를알아보기위한 Receiver operating characteristic(roc 곡선 ) 을구하였을때 ROC 곡선의면적 (area under the curve) 은 0.89이며 (p=0.01)(fig. 3A) 혈중 NTproBNP 값에따른민감도와특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도, 정확도를구하였다. 혈중 NT-proBNP 농도가 700 pg/ml일때심부전진단에대한민감도는 86.6%, 특이도 78.1%, 양성예측도 89.2%, 음성예측도 73.5% 정확도 83.8% 이었다. 수축기심부전과이완기심부전감별진단에대한 NT-proBNP의민감도와특이도를알아보기위한 Receiver operating characteristic(roc 곡선 ) 을구하였을때 ROC 곡선의면적 (area under the curve) 은 0.76이며 (p=0.03)(fig. 3B) 혈중 NT-proBNP 농도가 700 pg/ml일때수축기와이완기심부전감별진단에대한민감도는 90.5%, 특이도 28.2%, 양성예측도 35.2%, 음성예측도 76.7% 정확도 50.7% 이었다 (Table 3). 혈중 NT-proBNP 농도가 1500 pg/ml일때수축기와이완기심부전감별진단에대한민감도는 71.7%, 특이도 57.4%, 양성예측도 50.0%, 음성예측도 73.7% 정확도 68.5% 이었다. 혈중 NT-proBNP 농도가 3000 pg/ml일때수축기와이완기심부전감별진단에대한민감도는 57.1%, 특이도 73.9%, 양성예측도 50.0%, 음성예측도 79.0% 정확도 68.6% 이었다. 고찰 Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 의주요분비기관은심장의심실인데 7) 이는다른 natriuretic peptide보다 BNP 가심질환의진단에더민감하고특이도높은검사법임을암시한다. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 와다르게 BNP는심실의저장과립 (storage granule) 에소량이존재하고, BNP의분비는심실의용적이나압력증가에따라직접적으로혈중으로분비된다 8). 급성호흡곤란환자에서심부전을진단하는데있어 BNP 는유용한검사법으로보고하고있다 9). Maisel 등 10) 에의하면, 심부전에의한호흡곤란을진단하는데있어 BNP > 100 pg/ml는민감도 90%, 특이도 76%, 양성예측도 79%, 음성예측도 89%, 정확도 83% 라고보고하였다. 또한 Cowie 등 11) 에의하면일차진료기관에서의심부전진단에대한 BNP 의민감도와특이도는각각 97% 와 84% 라고하였다. 또한 BNP 와함께혈중으로유리되는생물학적으로비활성체인 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) 를이 용한심부전의진단은아직명확한진단적근거가제시되어있지않다. NT-proBNP를이용하여심부전을진단하려는연구가보고되고있으나각연구마다제시하는 NTproBNP의분리값 (cutoff value) 이다르며, 심부전진단에대한 NT-proBNP의민감도와특이도도각연구마다다르게보고하고있다 12,13). 따라서, 본저자들은 NTproBNP를이용하여급성호흡곤란을감별진단할수있는지에대한연구를시행한결과 NT-proBNP는비심부전군에비하여심부전군에서유의한증가가있었다. 또한 NTproBNP 분리값 (cutoff value) 을 700 pg/ml이상으로하였을때민감도 86.6%, 특이도 78.1%, 양성예측도 89.2%, 음성예측도 73.5%, 정확도 83.8% 였다. Mueller 등 12) 에의하면 NT-proBNP의분리값을 825 pg/ml로했을때심부전진단에대한민감도와특이도는 87%, 81% 라고하였다. Januzzi 등 13) 에의하면 NT-proBNP 농도가 900 pg/ml 이상일때민감도 90%, 특이도 85%, 양성예측도 76%, 음성예측도 94%, 정확도 87% 라고하였고환자의연령을 50세를기준으로하여 50세이하는 NTproBNP의분리값 (cutoff value) 을 450 pg/ml 이상으로하고 50 세이상은 900 pg/ml 이상으로할것을제안하였다. 또한 NT-proBNP 농도가 300 pg/ml 이하일경우에는심부전을배제할수있는기준값으로정하였다. 이와같은결과들을종합해볼때 NT-proBNP가심부전을진단하는데있어의미있는검사법임은거의명확하다고할수있겠다. 하지만중요한문제중의하나는심부전환자의 40~55% 는이완기심부전환자라는데있다. 서론에서도밝혔지만이완기심부전환자는병력, 신체검사, 흉부방사선검사, 심전도와같은임상적자료로는수축기심부전과감별을할수가없다. Thomas 등 3) 은심부전환자의임상자료를종합하여좌심실수축기능을예측할수있는지표가있는지연구하였으나임상자료로는수축기능을예측할수없다는결론을내렸고좌심실기능을평가할수있는새로운검사법이필요하다고제안하였다. 본연구에서는 NTproBNP가수축기심부전과이완기심부전을감별할수있는지알아보고자하였으나연구결과 NT-proBNP 농도만으로는두질환을감별진단할수가없었다. 수축기심부전군과이완기심부전군의평균 NT-proBNP 농도의차이는있었으나 NT-proBNP 농도가두군에서상당부분서로중복된값을보여수축기심부전과이완기심부전의감별은되지않았다. ROC curve를이용하여구한분리값 700 pg/ml를적용하였을때수축기심부전진단에있어서위음성률 9.5%, 위양성률 71.8% 였다. 분리값 1500 pg/ml 를적용하였을때수축기심부전진단에있어서위음성률이 28.6%, 위양성률 42.6% 였다. 또한분리값 3000 pg/ml 를적용하였을때수축기심부전진단에있어서위음성률이 42.9%, 위양성률 26.1% 였다. 따라서분리값을적용하더라도위음성률과위양성률이높아수축기심부전과이완기

7 572 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 17 권제 6 호 2006 심부전을감별진단하는데있어진단적가치가없었다. 이러한결과는다른연구들에서도보고되었다 14,15). Logeart 등 14) 은 BNP 농도는수축기심부전과이완기심부전에서차이가없었다고하였다. 하지만 O`Donoghue 등 16) 은수축기심부전환자의 NT-proBNP 농도가이완기심부전환자보다높다고하여본연구결과와같은결과를보였다. Maisel 등 15) 은수축기심부전에비하여이완기심부전환자의 BNP 농도는낮았다고하였다. 하지만 BNP 농도만으로는수축기심부전과이완기심부전을감별하는것은정확하지않다고하였다. 두질환감별에대한분리값 BNP >100 pg/ml의민감도, 특이도는 95%, 14% 이고 ROC curve의면적은 0.66이라하여 BNP 농도만으로는두질환을감별할수없다고하였다. 또한수축기심부전환자의 95% 가 BNP 농도 100 pg/ml 이상이지만이완기심부전환자의 86% 가 BNP 농도가 100 pg/ml 이상이어서많은이완기심부전환자들이수축기심부전환자들과중복되는양상을보여두질환의감별에는도움이되지않는다고하였다. 따라서 Maisel 등 15) 은 BNP 의주요역할은심부전을진단하는것이지수축기와이완기심부전의감별진단에는정확하지못하다고하였다. 이는본연구결과와도비슷한결과를나타내는것이다. 따라서 Maisel 등 15) 은수축기와이완기심부전을감별진단하는데있어 BNP 가심초음파를대체할수는없고심초음파와함께사용되는보조진단법이라고하였다. 그리고이완기심부전은수축기심부전의배제진단으로내려진다고결론을내렸다. 요약하면, 호흡곤란환자에서 NT-proBNP 검사를시행하여 NTproBNP가상승하였다면심부전환자이며심초음파검사상좌심실구혈율이 45% 이상이라면이완기심부전이라고진단을내려야할것으로생각된다. 비록 BNP 와마찬가지로 NT-proBNP 또한수축기와이완기심부전을직접감별진단을할수는없다고하더라도 NT-proBNP는좌심실의수축기기능과이완기기능을잘반영한다고할수있다. 본연구에서 NT-proBNP는좌심실수축기능장애에따라증가하였고이완기능장애에따라증가하였다. 따라서 NT-proBNP는심부전의진단에있어서는객관적이고정확한검사라고할수있겠다. 결론 NT-proBNP는급성호흡곤란환자에서심부전을진단하는데있어유의한검사법이며좌심실의수축기능및이완기능을잘반영하는검사법이다. 하지만수축기심부전과이완기심부전을감별진단할수는없어심초음파의대체검사법으로는활용할수없을것으로생각된다. 따라서환자의임상자료를활용한신중한진단적접근과함께심초음파검사의보조검사법으로써수축기및이완기심부전의감 별진단에활용되어야할것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 11. Zile MR, Brustaert DL. New concepts in diastolic dysfucntion and diastolic heart failure: Part I: diagnosis, prognosis, and measurements of diastolic function. Circulation 2002;105: Smith GL, Masoudi FA, Vaccarino V, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: mortality, readmission, and functional decline. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41: Thomas JT, Kelly RF, Thomas SJ, Stamos TD, Albasha K, Parrillo JE, et al. Utility of history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest rediograph for differentiating normal from decreased systolic function in patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2002;15: McCullough PA, Omland T, Maisel AS. B-type natriuretic peptides: a diagnostic breakthrough for clinicians. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003;4: Lainchbury JG, Campbell E, Frampton CM, Yandle TG, Nicholls MG, Richards AM. Brain natriuretic peptide and n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with acute shortness of breath. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure: How to diagnose diastolic heart failure. Eur Heart J 1998;19: Cheung BM, Kumana CR. Natriuretic peptides-relavance in cardiac disease. JAMA 1998;280: Yoshimura M, Yasue H, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Jougasaki M, Mukoyama M, et al. Different secretion patterns of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993;87: McCullough PA, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Herrmann HC, Steg PG, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide and clinical judgment in emergency diagonsis of heart failure: analysis from breathing not properly(bnp) multinational study. Circulation 2002;106: Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Duc P, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;347: Cowie MR, Struthers AD, Wood DA, Coats AJ, Thompson SG, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. Value of natriuretic peptides in assessment of patients with possible new heart failure in primary care. Lancet 1997;350: Mueller T, Gegenhuber A, Poelz W, Haltmayer M. Diagnostic accuracy of B type natriuretic peptide and

8 이영주외 : 이완기심부전 (Diastolic heart failure) 의진단에있어 N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(nt-probnp) 의진단적의의 / 573 amino terminal probnp in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. Heart 2005;91: Januzzi JL Jr, Camargo CA, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Chen AA, Krauser DG, et al. The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. Am J Cardiol 2005;95: Logeart D, Saudubray C, Beyne P, Thabut G, Ennezat PV, Chavelas C, et al. Comparative value of Doppler echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: Maisel AS, McCord J, Nowak RM, Hollander JE, Wu AH, Duc P, et al. Bedside B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41: O Donoghue M, Chen A, Baggish AL, Anwaruddin S, Krauser DG, Tung R, et al. The effects of ejection fraction on N-terminal ProBNP and BNP levels in patients with acute CHF: analysis from the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) study. J Card Fail 2005;11:S9-14.

02-이건우

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