대한방사선의학회지 1994: 31( 6) : 신설절과신배빛신우를함께침범한신세포암과 이행성상피세포암의 CT 상감별 I 이창희 조성범 박철민 차인호 정큐병 목적 : 신세포암 (Renal cell carcinoma) 과이행성상피세포암 ( Transition

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1 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 31( 6) : 신설절과신배빛신우를함께침범한신세포암과 이행성상피세포암의 CT 상감별 I 이창희 조성범 박철민 차인호 정큐병 목적 : 신세포암 (Renal cell carcinoma) 과이행성상피세포암 ( Transitional cell carcinoma) 의정확한감별은치료방향결정에중요하다. 그러나, 신실질 (renal parenchyma) 과신집합겨 I(renal collecting system) 를동시에침범한경우, 두질환의감별이쉽지않다. 저자들은이와같은경우에 CT 소견상도움이되는감별점을찾고자본연구를하였다. 대상및방법 :CT상신실질의침범과신동지방 (renal sinus fat) 의소실또는대신배 (major ca lyx) 및신우침범의소견을보였던신세포암 37예와이행성상피세포암 12예를대상으로하였다. CT소견은 윤곽돌출 (contour bulging) 또는신장모양의유지, 종괴중심의위치, 오 측신장조직유무및내부낭 성변화, 그리고기타소견으로서종괴내석회화, 림프절전이, 신혈관침범, 신주위조직침윤등을관찰하였다. 결과 : 37 예의신세포암중 33예에서종괴에의한신실질의윤곽돌출이있었고, 12예의이행성상피세포암중 9여 에서신장모앙형 (reniform) 을유지하여두그룹간유의한차이가있었고 (P<O.005), 이행성상피세포암은전예에서종괴의중심이신장중심부 (ce ntral ) 인신동에위치한반면, 신세포암은 35예중 24예가신장주변부 (peripheral) 인신실질에위치하였다 (P < O.005). 신세포암은 37예중 36예에서종괴바깥쪽으로신실질의소실이있은반면이행성상피세포암은조영증강이잘된 9예줄 4여 에서신실질이유지되었다 (P<O.005). 또한, 신세포암에서는종괴내낭성변화가 31 예로 4 여 의이행성상피세포암보다빈도가높았다 (P<O.005). 결론 : 종괴에의해신실질윤곽돌출이있고종괴의중심부가추변부에위치하며종괴바깥쪽으로신실질이소실되고낭성변화가있으면신세포암일가능성이많으며, 신실질을종양이침범하여도신장모앙형을유지하고중심부에위치하며종괴바깥쪽으로의신실질의소실이없고상대적으로낭성변화를보이지않으면이행성상피세포암을시사하는소견으로서두질환감별에이용될수있다. 서 론 대상및방법 신장에서발생하는악성종양으로는신세포암 (Renal cell carcinoma) 과이행성상피세포암 (Transitional cell carcinoma) 이대부분이며수술방법이신세포암은근치적신절제술 (radical nephrectomy) 을, 이행성상피세포암은근치적신절제술및요관절제술 (ureterectomy) 을시행하기때문에수술방법및벙위가다르다. 더우기, 수술전생검은종양의병기를높일가능성이있으므로영상진단소견상감별진단이중요하다. 이에저자들은두질환의감별에도움이되는 CT소견을찾고자본연구를시행하였다. l고려대학교의과대학진단방사선과학교실이논문은 1994 년 6월 21 일접수하여 1994 년 11 월 28일에채택되었음 1989년 1 월부터 1993년 4월까지수술및생검으로확진된신세포암 8 1 예와이행성상피세포암 1 8 예중 CT소견상종괴중섬부가신실질에존재하면서동시에신동지방, 대신배, 그리고신우를침범하였거나, 종괴중심부가신동에위치하면서신실질, 대신배, 혹은신우를침범하여신세포암과이행성상피세포암을감별하기어려웠던종괴를대상으로하였으며이들중신세포암은총 37 예, 이행성상피세포암은 1 2예이었다. 연령은신세포암인경우 29-71세 ( 평균 56세 ) 이고이행성상피세포암인경우 37-70세 ( 평균 59세 ) 이였으며, 성비는신세포암 ( 남 ; 여 = 25; 12), 이행성상피세포암 ( 남 ; 여 = 10; 2 ) 로두종양모두남자에서많았다. CT상검토한사항은 1) 종괴에의한신실질과의윤곽돌출이있는가아니면미만성종대의소견을포함하여신장

2 대한방사선의학회지 1994; 31(6) ; 의모양을그대로유지하는가를분석하였고, 2) 가장큰전는 Chisquare test ( 자유도 1, P - value 0.005, by PC -SAS) 후직경의중앙점을종괴중심부 (mass center) 로정하여를시행하였다. 종괴중심부가신실질에위치하여있을때를주변부 (peripheral), 신동 (renal sinus) 에위치해있을때를중심부 (central) 로정하였으며, 3) 종괴바깜쪽에조영증강이잘 결 과 되는신실질이남아있는가 (intact overlying parenchyme) 아니면소설되었는가를분석하였고, 4) 종괴내낭성변화또는괴사의유무를관찰하였다. 5) 기타소견으로종양내석회화, 럼프절전이, 혈관침범, 신주위조직침윤빛종양의크기를비교하였다. 상기의소견을복부 CT에경험이많은 3명의방사선과전문의가병리조직학적결과를모른채후향적으로분석하여이중 2명이상의동의가있을때에양성소견으로간주하였고그결과를통계처리하였으며통계겸증방법으로 신장의윤곽에대하여는, 종괴에의한신장의윤곽돌출이선세포암 (37예중 33예 ) 이이행성상피세포암 (12예중 3 예 ) 보다많고 (Fig. 1), 신장모양형의신장비대는이행성상피세포암 (1 2예중 9예 ) 에셔신세포암 (37예중 4예 ) 보다많아두집단간유의한차이가있었다 (Fig. 2) (P<0.005). 신장내위치에관하여는, 이행성상피세포암의경우전예에서종괴중심부가신장중심부에위치한반면 (Fig.3), 종괴중심부의위치를정할수있였던 35예의신세포암중 24예에서중심부가신장주변부에위치하였다 (Fig. 4) (P<0.005). 신실질유무에관하여는, 조영증강이잘안된 3여 } 를제외한 9예의이행성상피세포암중 4예에서종괴바깥쪽으로조영증강이잘되는신실질이남아있었으나, 신세포암에서는단 l 예에셔만이러한소견을보여좋은대조를이루였다 (P<0.005). 종괴내낭성변화또는괴사의소견은신세포암 (31/37 예 ) 에서이행성상피세포암 (4/12예) 보다많았다 (Fig. 5) (P<0.005) (Table 1) 그외종양내석회화, 럼프절전이, 혈관침범, 신주위조직침윤등의소견은두종양간차이를보이지않았으며, 또한종괴의크기에대한비교에서도차이를보이지않았다 (Table 2). CT상신장모양형을보인 4예의신세포암중 2예에서각각경정맥성신우조영술흑은초음파검사를시행하였는 Fig. 1. Contour bulging and loss of outer cortex in RCC A low density mass is seen in renal parenchyma involving re. nal sinus and pelvis, but contour bulging and loss of outer cortex are noted 데, 2 예모두에서윤곽돌출의소견이있었고, CT 에서신장 모양형을보인 9 예의이행성상피세포암중경정맥신우조 영술및초음파소견에서윤곽돌출을보인예는없었다. a Fig. 2. Intact peripheral cortex and reniform appearance in TCC a. A low density mass is seen in right renal parenchyma in peripheral portion. No definite contour bulging shadow is seen b. At the mid.pole of right kidney, right kidney shows reniform appearance b

3 이창희외 : 신실질과신배및신우를함께침범한신세포암과이행성상피세포암의 CT 상감별 Table 1. CT Finding 01 Renal Cell Carcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma Renal Cell Transitional cell Carcinoma(n=37) carcinoma(n = 12) Contour bulging 33 3 Renilorm 4 9 Central location 11 /35* 12 Peripheral location 24/35* 0 Intact parenchyme 1/37 4/9 t Cystic change 31 4 P< Fig. 3. Central location in TCC The mass occupies left renal pelvis and sinus, that is, central and invades renal co rtex * 35 cases in which mass center be delected among the 37 cases 01 RCC t 9 cases 01 TCC underwent post contrast CT scan. Table 2. Miscellenous CT Finding 01 Renal Cell Carcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma(n=37) Transitional cell carcinoma(n=12) Calcilication 12 LlN enlargement 10 2 Vascular invasion 14 2 Perirenal extension 29 6 Mean size 8.7cm(4.5-16cm) 4.3cm(1-9cm) 고 찰 Fig. 4. Peripheral location in RCC A inhomogeneous density mass invading the renal sinus lat is located in left renal parenchyma,lower p이 e This peripheral mass shows cystic degeneration & local contour bulg ing 신장의악성종양은전체종양의 2-3% 를차지하며그중 85 % 가신세포암이고 % 가요로상피종양 (uro thelial tumor) 이며이중 90% 가이행성상피세포암이다. 이두종양은임상소견및방사선학적검사특히 CT와초음파검사로서로서비교적쉽게감별되지만신세포암이 신우나신배를침범하거나또는이행성상피세포암이신실 질을침윤하여두질환의감별이어려운경우가종종있다 (1, 2, 3). Hartman 등에의하면대부분의신종괴는팽창성성장 (expansile growth) 을보이나침습성이행성상피세포암, 임파종, 전이암등은정상네프론, 집합관, 혈관사이사이로 종양세포가자라들어가는침윤성증식을보이고, 특히이 행성상피세포암은신집합계에국한되어있을때에는팽창 성성장을보이지만, 신실질을침습하면침윤성증식을하 여신장의모양을유지하며커진다고하였고 (2), Baron 등 은이행성상피세포암종괴가중심외 (eccentrica l) 에위치 하여도신장형의모양을유지한다고하였다 (4). 이는팽창 성증식을하는신세포암이종괴와신실질사이에윤곽돌 Fig. 5. Cystic degeneration or necrosis in RCC A large right renal neoplasm shows contour bulging and multi ple low densities, suggesting cystic change or necrosis. 출을보이는것과반대되므로두질환의감별에중요한소 견이라알려져있다 ( 2, 4, 5). 저자들의경우에서도신세포 암은윤곽돌출을주로보인반면이행성상피세포암은신

4 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 31(6) : 장의모양을유지하는차이를보였다. CT에서신장형을보인 4예의신세포암중 2예에서경정맥성신우조영술과초음파검사상에서는윤곽돌출소견을보여 CT소견이애매한경우경정맥신우조영술및초음파검사가도움이될것이라고생각된다. Smith등에의하면이행성상피세포암의경우소변검사상 70 % 의양성율을보이고있고, 저자들의경우에서는 12 명의이행성상피세포암중소변검사상 25% (3/12) 에서 결론적으로, 종괴에의해신실질과의윤곽돌출이있고종괴의중심부가주변부에위치하며종괴바깥쪽으로신실질이소실되고종괴내낭성변화가있으면신세포암의가능성이높고, 신장의모양을유지하며중심부에 (ce n tral) 위치하고종괴바깜쪽신실질이유지되고냥성변화를잘보이지않으면이행성상피세포암을시사한다고할수있으며이러한소견은 CT상감별진단에도움이될것이다. 양성 (positive) 이었고, 25% (3/12) 에서악성이의심되는 (suspicious for malignancy) 결과로나와음성율 (negati ve rate) 이좀높기는하지만소변검사가두종양의감별에도움이될것이라생각한다. 신세포암은신실질에서기원하고이행성상피세포암은집합계에서기원하므로종괴중섬부가각각주변부, 중심부에위치할것은주지의사실이며 (3, 6-9), 저자들의예들에서도합당한결과를얻었다. 이행성상피세포암의경우종괴바깥쪽으로의신실질의조영증가되는띠 ( enhancingrim) 가보이는것을종괴의침습성성장 (infiltrative growth) 때문으로보는견해도있으나 (2, 3), 저자들의생각으로는종괴의근원 ( origin), 진단시기에따른종괴크기의차이, 그리고성장양상이모두관계된다고사료되며, 이는또한신세포암에의한윤곽돌출과도관계된다. 신세포암내부의냥성변화는신세포암에서 22-70% 정도로발생한다고보고되어있고 (5), 이행성상피세포암에셔는 10% 정도로알려져있으며 (3), 저자들의예에서도냥성변화는신세포암의 83% 에서, 이행성상피세포암의 30% 에서관찰와였다. 그외의소견으로종양내석회화, 럼파절전이, 신혈관침범은신세포암과이행성상피세포암에서각각 31%/ 10%, 40% / 10%, 29/22% 인것으로보고되어있으며 (3, 5), 저자들의예들에서도신세포암과이행성상피세포암에서각각 32% / 8%, 27% / 17%, 37% / 17% 로관찰되어통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (P>0.05). ~~ I 그 고 C 그 ïr 1. Munechika H, Kushihashi T, Gokan T, Hashimoto T, Higaki Y, Ogawa Y. A renal cell carcinoma extending into the renal pelvis simulating transitional cell carcinoma. Urol Radiol 1990 ; 12 : Hartman DS, Davidson AJ, Davis CJ, Goldman SM. Inliltrative renal lesions : CT-sonographic-pathologic correlation. AJR 1988; 1 50 : Bree RL, Schultz SR, Hayes R. Large inliltrating renal transitional cell carcinomas: CT and ultrasound leatures. JCAT 1990 : 14 : Baron R, McClennan B, Lee J, Lawson T. Computed tomogra phy 01 the transitional cell carcinoma 01 the renal pelvis and ureter. Radiology 1982; 144 : Zagoria RJ, Wollman NT, Karstaedt N, Hinn GC, Dyer RB, Chen YM. CT leatures 01 renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on relation to tumor size. Invest Radio/1990 : Leder RA, Dunnick NR. Transitional cell carcinoma 01 the pelvocalices and ureter. AJR 1990; 155: Zeman RK, Crenan JJ, Rosenlield AT, et al. Computed tom graphy 01 renal masses: pitfalls and anatomic variants RadioGraphics 1986; 6 : Graeb D, Uhrich P. Diffuse renal transitional cell carcinoma and hydronephrosis. AJR 1980 ; 135 : Baghdassarian-Gatewood OM, Goldman SM, Marshall FF, Siegelman SS. Computerized tomography in the diagnosis 01 transitional cell carcinoma 01 the kidney. J Urol 1982 ; 헌

5 이창희외 : 신실질과신배및신우를함께침범한신세포암과이행성상피세포암으 I CT상감별 Journal of the Korean Rad iological Society, 1994 ; 31 (6) : CT Differentiation of Renal Tumor Invading Parenchyma and Pelvis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Vs Transitional Cell Carcinoma 1 Chang Hee Lee, M.D., Seong Beum Cho, M.D., Cheol Min Park, M.D., In Ho Cha, M.D., Kyoo Byung Chung, M.D. 1 Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine Purpose: The differentiation between renal cell carcinoma(rcc) and trans 띠 onal cell carcinoma(tcc) is important due to the different methods of treatment and prognosis. But occasionally it is difficult to draw a distinction between the two diseases when renal parenchyme and renal collecting systems are invaded simultaneously Material and Method: We reviewed CT scans of 37 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma which showed involvement of renal parenchyma and renal sinus fat on CT. Retrospective analysis was performed by 3 abdominal radiologists. Check points were renalcontour bulging or reniform shape, location of mass center, intact parenchyme overlying the tumor, cystic change, calcification, LN metastasis, vessel invasion, and perirenal extention. Result: There were renal contour bulging due to the tumor mass in 33 out of 37 cases of renal cellcarcinima, wherea and nine of 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma maintained the ren iform appearance. This is significant statiscal difference between the two(p< O.005). Center of all TCCs were located in the renal sinus, and 24 out of 35 cases of RCC were located in the cortex(p<o.005). Thirty-six out of 37 cases of RCC lost the overlying parenchyma, whereas 4 out of 9 cases of well enhanced TCC had intact overlying parenchyma(p< O.005) RCC showed uptic change within the tumor mags in 31 cases which was significanity higher than the 4 cases in TCC(P < O.05). Conclusion: CT findings of renal cell carcinoma are contour bulging, peripheral location, obliteration of parenchyma, and cystic change. Findings of transitional cell carcinoma are reniform appearance, central 10- cation within the kidney, intact overlying parenchyma, and rare cystic change. Index Words: Kidney neoplasms, CT Kidney neoplasms, diagnosis Address reprint requests to ; Chang Hee Lee, M.D., Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine # 126-1, 5-ka, Anam 강 ong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea. Tel Fax

6 1994 년도 50 차학술대회증례퀴즈 ( V ) a b c d Case 8. M/14 c.c. ; epigastric pain and jaundice Dx ; Malignant Iymphoma, Burkitt type

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