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1 Original Article J Sasang Constitut Med 2018;30(3): 일개한방병원에파킨슨병으로내원한환자의사상의학적특성에관한고찰 김소형 1 이슬 1 이용재 1 배나영 2 이정윤 2* 1 부산대학교한방병원사상체질과, 2 부산대학교한의학전문대학원임상의학부사상체질과 Abstract The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital So-Hyoung Kim 1 Seul Lee 1 Yong-Jae Lee 1 Na-Young Bae 2 Jeong-yun Lee 2* 1 Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital 2 Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Div. of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Objectives The aim of this study was to make an analysis of clinical characteristics and status of Sasang constitutional medicine of patients with Parkinson s Disease who visited a Korean medicine hospital. Methods We studied 129 patients with Parkinson s Disease who visited a Korean medicine hospital from September 1, 2012 to June 30, We retrospectively collected medical history and characteristics of subjects using data of EMR (electronic medical record). Results The proportion of female was higher than male. The average age was 60s. The patients visited a hospital more than one year after the occurrence of symptoms. And they were mostly under western medicine treatment. Among the 129 patients, 56 persons(43.4%) were Taeeumin, 45 persons(34.9%) Soyangin and 28 persons Soeumin(21.7%). In the distribution of prescription according Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomatology, there was no significant difference in the proportion of exterior cold disease(48.9%) and interior heat disease(51.1%) in Soyangin. Meanwhile the proportion of heat disease's prescription was higher than cold disease in Taeeumin(73.2%) and Soeumin(84.1%). The majority of disease were Dry-febrile symptom(73.2%) of heat disease in Taeeumin, Yang depletion-syndrome(64.3%) of heat disease in Soeumin, and Gyolhyung-symptom(33.3%) of exterior cold disease and Wasting thirst-syndrome(22.2%) of interior heat disease in Soyangin, Conclusions By Developing of guideline for treatment of Parkinson s Disease through analyzing on clinical characteristics and distribution of Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomatology could contribute to the improvement of the cure rate and accuracy of constitution pattern. Key Words : Parkinson s disease, Korean Medicine Hospital, Clinical Characteristics, Sasang Constitutional Medicine Symptomatology Received September 13, 2018 Revised September 13, 2018 Accepted September 19, 2018 Corresponding author Jeong-yun Lee Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Div. of clinical medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Korea Tel : , Fax : , prajnamoon@gmail.com C The Society of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. All rights reserved. This is an open acess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons attribution Non-commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)
2 SH Kim et al. 63 Ⅰ. 緖論 파킨슨병은 1817년 James Parkinson에의해보고된퇴행성뇌질환으로 1, 치매와더불어대표적인 2대신경퇴행성노인질환이며인구고령화에따라전세계적으로발병률이증가하고있다. 2017년국민건강보험공단의자료에따르면국내파킨슨병환자수는 2010년 61,556 명에서 2017년 100,716명으로 8년사이약 1.5배증가하였고, 2010년부터연평균 8% 씩증가하고있다. 그리고환자 10명중 9명이 60대이상이며, 경제활동인구인 50~60대비율이치매에비해 9배높다고한다 2. 파킨슨병은뇌의흑질세포의변성으로인한도파민의결핍으로진전 (tremor), 강직 (rigidity), 서동 (bradykinesia), 자세불안정 (postural instability) 등의운동성증상 (motor symptoms) 과변비, 소변장애등의자율신경장애, 수면장애, 우울, 감각장애등의비운동성질환 (non-motor symptoms) 을동반한다 3. 현재파킨슨병은완치가불가능하지만레보도파제제를비롯한약물치료로증상을조절하고있다. 즉파킨슨병의치료목표는신경보호효과로질병의진행을최대한억제하고, 장기간의약물치료로발생하는운동성및비운동성합병증을최대한예방하여환자가일상생활을장애없이수행하게하는것이다 4. 이러한레보도파제제를비롯한항파킨슨제는장기간사용하게되면약효지속시간이점점짧아지는 wearing off 현상과이상운동증 (dyskinesia) 등많은부작용이발생하게된다 5. 한의학치료는파킨슨병의증상을완화시켜주는효과가뛰어나고항파킨슨제의부작용을줄여주는효능으로수요가늘고있으며이에대한지속적인연구가이루어지고있다. Min Li 등 6 에서는총 120 명의파킨슨병환자에게한약과플라시보를 3개월간처방하여경과를관찰한결과움직임, 일상생활의수행능력, 감정적인안정, 수치감, 사회적지지, 인지능력, 의사소통, 신체적불편감의 8가지영역에서한약복용군의 30% 개선효과를확인하였고, 플라시보군은 10% 악화되었다고보고하였다. 그리고오심, 구토, 식욕부진등소화기증상의부작용을줄여줄수있고 7, 레보도파흡수율을높이는효과도기대할수있으며 8, 오랜시간레보도파를복용하였을때비정상적으로상승하는 FosB 및 ERK의농도를감소시켜이상운동증을개선하는등 9 다양한치료효과를기대해볼수있다. 최근파킨슨질환에대한국내한의학논문은총 66편으로이중증례보고및임상연구논문은 45편, 종설은 6편이었다. 사상체질적치료에관련된논문수는 12편으로그중증례보고가 11편이었다. 임상증례로발표된논문은근거수준이낮고소수환자의한의학치료효과에대한단순증례보고로, 현재대규모임상연구가미흡하고체질에따른환자의양상및치료효과에대한분석연구또한부족하다. 파킨슨환자의사상체질분포에관한분석논문은 1편 10 이며, 사상체질전문의가아닌 QSCCⅡ 설문지로체질분류를하였고, 체질에따른파킨슨병증상의경중만제시한논문이었다. 이에본연구에서는대학한방병원에파킨슨병으로내원한환자들의증상양상과사상체질적치료현황에대하여분석하여보고하고자한다. Ⅱ. 硏究對象및方法 본연구는부산대학교한방병원연구윤리심의위원회의승인 ( 승인번호 : PNUKH-IRB-E ) 하에진행되었다. 1. 연구대상 1) 선정기준본연구에서는나이, 성별제한없이 2012년 9월 1일부터 2018년 6월 30일까지 OO대학교한방병원사상체질과를내원한외래환자및입원환자중에서주진단명이파킨슨병, 파킨슨증후군 (ICD 질병코드 G20) 환자로서사상체질과전문의로부터사상체질병증진단을받은환자 129명을대상으로선정하였다. 사상체
3 64 The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital 질병증은환자의신체적특성 ( 체형, 용모등 ), 성정적특성 ( 성질재간, 심성등 ), 問診 ( 素證, 現證 ), 望診 ( 안면부, 피부, 舌 ), 切診 ( 脈診, 腹診 ), 聞診 ( 음성 ), 사상체질분석설문지 (QSCCⅡ+, 소증설문지등 ) 결과의내용을종합하여사상체질과전문의가진단하였다. 2) 배제기준연구대상자모집시에양방병원에서파킨슨병또는파킨슨증후군으로진단을받지않는환자 (G20 질병코드, 보험희귀난치성산정특례여부 ), 사상체질과전문의로부터사상체질병증진단을받지않은환자 ( 사상체질처방을복용하지않은환자, 사상체질처방복용후경과관찰하지못한환자 ) 는연구대상자에서제외하였다 (Figure 1). 2. 자료내용및수집방법연구대상자의성별, 나이, 키, 몸무게, 진단명 (ICD-10), 병력, 치료및처방내역등의임상데이터를전자의무기록에서개인정보에해당하는항목은삭제후수집하여후향적으로분석하였다. 3. 분석방법연구대상자들의특성및진료현황에대해기술통계및빈도분석을시행하였으며그값은빈도와백분율, 평균과표준편차로나타내었다. 체질별성별분포의차이를비교하기위해 Chi-square test 를시행하였고, 체질에따른연령과체질량지수 (Body Mass Index, 이하 BMI) 의유의한차이가있는지비교하기위해서는 One-Way Anova test 를시행하였다. 각체질별차이 Figure 1. Flow chart
4 SH Kim et al. 65 를비교하기위해사후검정은분산의동질성에대한 Levene's test 결과에따라 Scheffe test를시행하였다. 본연구의통계분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 23을사용하여통계적유의수준은 p<0.05로설정하였다. Ⅲ. 結果 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성 본연구대상자는총 129 명으로일반적특성은다음과같다 (Table 1). 성별분포는남성 54명 (41.9%), 여성 75명 (58.1%) 으로여성의비율이더높았다. 평균연령은 66.28±10.69세이고, 성별에따른평균연령은남성 65.07±11.53 세, 여성 67.15±10.02세로여성이남성보다평균연령이조금높지만통계적으로남녀간에유의한차이는없었다 (p=0.279). 평균 BMI 는 23.79± 3.22 이고, 성별에따른 BMI 는남성 23.60±2.55, 여성 23.93±3.64 으로남녀간에유의한차이가없었다 (p=0.577). Table 1. General Characteristics of Patients Male Female Total p-value Sex 54(41.9%) 75(58.1%) 129(100%) Age(yr) 65.07± ± ±10.69 p=0.279 * BMI 23.60± ± ±3.22 p=0.577 * * Calculated by Student's T test BMI : Body Mass Index 2. 내원시유병기간 내원한환자들의유병기간분포는다음과같다 (Table 2). 유병기간이 1년이하인환자의누적비율이 27.9% 이고, 1년이상인환자의누적비율이 72.1% 이다. 3. 양약복용력 내원한환자들의양약복용력은다음과같다 (Table 3). 총 129명의환자중레보도파 (Levodopa) 제제를 복용하는환자가 89명 (69.0%) 이고, 도파민효능제 (Dopamine agonist), Amantadine 계열등, 레보도파제 제이외의항파킨슨제를복용하는환자가 15명 (11.6%), 과거에레보도파제제를복용하였으나부작 용으로인해현재복용하지않는환자가 5명 (3.9%) 이었다. 그리고의무기록상항파킨슨제에대한기재 사항이없는환자가 6명 (4.6%) 이고, 전혀복용하지않 는환자가 14명 (10.9%) 이었다. Table 2. Disease Durations of Patients Onset N(%) Cumulative Percentage 1 day-1 week 3(2.3%) 2.3% 1 week-1 month 9(7.0%) 9.3% 1 month-3 month 6(4.7%) 14.0% 3 month-6 month 11(8.5%) 22.5% 6 month-1 year 7(5.4%) 27.9% 1 year-2 year 19(14.7%) 42.6% 2 year-3 year 18(14.0%) 56.6% 3 year-5 year 20(15.5%) 72.1% 5 year-10 year 20(15.5%) 87.6% More than 10 year 16(12.4%) 100.0% Total 129(100%) Table 3. Western Medicine History of Patients Type of prescribed medicine N(%) Levodopa 89(69.0%) Non-Levodopa 15(11.6%) past 5(3.9%) No description 6(4.6%) No take 14(10.9%) Total 129(100%) 4. 한의약치료현황 1) 사상체질분포와체질별연령과 BMI 내원한환자들의사상체질분포및그에따른연령과 BMI 는다음과같다 (Table 4). 총 129명의환자중소양인이 45명 (34.9%), 태음인이 56명 (43.4%), 소음인이 28명 (21.7%) 이었으며, 남녀모두태음인, 소양
5 66 The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital Table 4. Distribution of Sasang Constitution and Age and BMI of Each Sasang Type Patients Type So-Yang N(%) Tae-Eum N(%) So-Eum N(%) Total N(%) p-value Sex Male 18(33.3%) 19(35.2%) 17(31.5%) 54(41.9%) Female 27(36.0%) 37(49.3%) 11(14.7%) 75(58.1%) p=0.061 * total 45(34.9%) 56(43.4%) 28(21.7%) 129(100%) Age(Mean±S.D.) 67.37± ± ± ±10.69 p>0.05 BMI(Mean±S.D.) 22.77± ± ± ±3.22 * Calculated by chi-squre test, Calculated by ANOVA p<0.05 TE>SY (p<0.05) Table 5. Distribution of Parkinson s Disease Symptoms Motor symptoms Chief complaint N(%) So-Yang Tae-Eum So-Eum Bradykinesia 91(70.5%) 30(66.7%) 37(66.1%) 24(85.7%) Tremor 81(62.8%) 31(68.9%) 30(53.6%) 20(71.4%) Rigidity 39(30.2%) 17(37.8%) 14(25.0%) 8(28.6%) Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty 101(78.3%) 38(84.4%) 44(78.6%) 19(67.9%) Constipation 42(32.6%) 15(33.3%) 18(32.1%) 9(32.1%) Urinary disfunction 44(34.1%) 21(46.7%) 14(25.0%) 9(32.1%) Sleep disorder 37(28.7%) 17(37.8%) 15(26.8%) 5(17.9%) Depression 11(8.5%) 4(8.9%) 5(8.9%) 2(7.1%) Dysarthria 32(24.8%) 10(22.2%) 19(33.9%) 3(10.7%) Non-Motor symptoms Dysphagia 13(10.1%) 5(11.1%) 7(12.5%) 1(3.6%) Dry mouth and Hot Flush 26(20.2%) 8(17.8%) 11(19.6%) 7(25.0%) Sweating dysfunction 8(6.2%) 1(2.2%) 3(5.4%) 4(14.3%) Orthostatic hypotension and Dizziness 26(20.2%) 7(15.6%) 14(25.0%) 5(17.9%) Cognitive abnormality 5(3.9%) 3(6.7%) 2(3.6%) 0(0%) Dyspnea 3(2.3%) 3(6.7%) 0(0%) 0(0%) Complication Dyskinesia 12(9.3%) 7(15.6%) 2(3.6%) 3(10.7%) Total 129(100%) 인, 소음인순으로많았다. 체질별성별과연령분포는통계적으로유의한차이가없었고, 체질별 BMI 에는유의한차이가있었다. BMI 는태음인, 소음인, 소양인순으로높았으며소양인이태음인보다유의하게낮았다. 2) 파킨슨증상분포 129 명환자가호소하는파킨슨병의여러가지증상을조사대상으로하였고파킨슨병증상분포는다음 과같다 (Table 5). 파킨슨병환자들중 60% 이상의환자가운동성증상 4가지중자세불안정및보행장애 (78.3%), 서동 (70.5%), 진전 (62.8%) 증상을호소하였다. 비운동성증상중에는배뇨장애 (34.1%), 변비 (32.6%), 수면장애 (28.7%) 순으로호소하였다. 운동성증상을체질별로나누어서살펴보면소음인에서서동과진전증상이각각 85.7%, 71.4% 으로소양인, 태음인에비해높게관찰되었고, 소양인에서는강직과자세불안정및보행장애증상이각각
6 SH Kim et al %, 84.4% 로태음인, 소음인에비해높게관찰되었다. 체질별로비운동성증상은소양인에서배뇨장애와수면장애가 46.7%, 37.8% 로다른체질에비해높게관찰되었고, 태음인에서구음장애와기립성저혈압및현훈증상이 33.9%, 25.0% 로다른체질에비해높게관찰되었다. 소음인에서는타체질에비하여구음장애 (10.7%), 연하장애 (3.6%), 인지장애 (0%), 호흡곤란 (0%) 증상은드물었다. 호흡곤란증상은낮은비율이지만소양인에서만 6.7% 로관찰되었다. 양약합병증인이상운동증은 129명환자중 12명 (9.3%) 로나타났고, 체질별로는소양인이 7명으로체질중가장많은환자가호소하였으며소음인 3명, 태음인 2명순으로호소하였다. 3) 사상체질병증과한약처방 129명의환자들에게사상체질병증에따라처방된한약은다음과같다 (Table 6). 소양인은표한병에서는 형방도적산류처방 (15명 ), 형방지황탕류처방 (6명) 순으로많이처방되었고, 리열병은양격산화탕 (10명 ), 십이미지황탕 (8명) 순으로많이처방되었다. 태음인표한병에서는태음조위탕 (7명), 조위승청탕 (6명) 이대부분처방되었고, 리열병에서는청심연자탕 (20명 ), 열다한소탕류처방 (13 명 ) 순으로많이처방되었다. 소음인은표열병의보중익기탕 (18명 ) 이가장많이처방되었다. 4) 내원횟수와한약처방일수환자들의초진을포함한외래내원횟수및입원일수와한약처방일수는다음과같다 (Table 7). 총 129 명중외래로만내원한환자는 59명 (45.7%) 로외래내원횟수의평균은 24.46회이고, 중간값은 9회이었으며, 입원한환자는 70명 (54.3%) 로입원일수평균은 일이고중간값은 16일이었다. 한약처방일수의평균은 일이고, 중간값은 70일이었다. Table 6. Distribution of Prescribed Sasang Constitutional Medicine Sasang Constitutional Medicine Symptomatology Prescription N(%) So-Yang Exterior cold disease 형방도적산, 도적강기탕, 황련청장탕 15(11.6%) 형방사백산 1(0.8%) 형방지황탕, 소양보위탕, 강화지황탕 6(4.7%) Interior heat disease 지황백호탕, 형방사백산 4(3.1%) 양격산화탕 10(7.8%) 인동등지골피탕 1(0.8%) 십이미지황탕 8(6.2%) Tae-Eum Exterior cold disease 태음조위탕 7(5.4%) 조위승청탕 6(4.7%) 가감보폐탕 2(1.6%) Interior heat disease 열다한소탕, 청폐사간탕, 천금문무탕, 13(10.1%) 청심연자탕 20(15.5%) 청심열다탕 8(6.2%) So-Eum Exterior heat disease 향부자팔물탕, 향부자십전탕 4(3.1%) 팔문군자탕 1(0.8%) 보중익기탕 18(14.0%) Interior cold disease 계지반하생강탕 2(1.6%) 적백하오관중탕 1(0.8%) 향사양위탕 2(1.6%) Total 129(100%)
7 68 The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital Table 7. Visit Days, Length of Stay and Prescription Days of Patients Visit days (n=59, 45.7%) Out-Patients Length of Stay In-Patients 24.46(39.81) Mean(S.D) (n=70, 54.3%) Mean(S.D) 26.57(33.10) Median 9 Median 16 MIN 2 MIN 2 MAX 211 MAX 200 Prescription days Mean(S.D) (354.40) Median 70 MIN 3 MAX ) 한약처방유형 129명의환자들에게처방된한약의유형은다음과같다 (Table 8). 탕약으로한약을처방받은환자가 127 명 (98.4%) 이고, 연조엑스제로한약을처방받은환자가 2명 (1.6%) 으로대부분탕약으로복용하였다. Table 8. Type of Prescribed Sasang Constitutional Medicine Type of prescribed medicine N(%) Decoction 127(98.4%) Soft Extract 2(1.6%) Total 129(100%) 6) 침구치료여부 총 129 환자들의침구치료여부는다음과같다 (Table 9). 침치료만받은환자는 18명 (13.9%) 이고, 침과뜸치료를모두받은환자는 94명 (72.9%), 침과뜸치료를둘다받지않은환자는 17명 (13.2%) 으로대부분의환자들이침과뜸을함께치료받았다. Table 9. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment or Not of Patients Type of treatment N(%) Acupuncture 18(13.9%) Acupuncture and moxibustion 94(72.9%) None 17(13.2%) Total 129(100%) Ⅳ. 考察 본연구는파킨슨병을주진단으로일개한방병원에내원한외래환자및입원환자중에서사상체질과전문의로부터사상체질병증진단을받은환자 129 명을대상으로전자의무기록의데이터를수집하여후향적연구를수행하여한방병원에내원한환자들의양상과사상의학적한의약치료현황에대하여분석한것이다. 파킨슨병환자의일반적특성을살펴보면, 파킨슨병에서일반적으로성비의차이가없는것으로나타난 Fahn 11 의연구와는달리 2015년국민건강보험공단의자료에따르면여성 60.8%, 남성이 39.2% 로여성이 1.5 배높게관찰되었고본연구결과도동일한결과를보였다. 유병기간의분포를살펴보면 1년이상의환자의누적비율이 72.1% 로 2/3정도를차지하고있다. Kim 12 의연구에따르면파킨슨병증세가발현한이후병원을찾기까지평균 9.4개월이걸리고환자 4명중 1명은증상발생후 1년이지나서야병원을방문하며, 전체환자의 17% 에서증상발생후 5년이상걸리는것으로나타났다 13. 이는파킨슨병이 60 세이상고령의환자에서주로발생하는퇴행성질환의특성상구체적인발생시점이모호한경우가대부분이고, 경미한증상에는발병사실을인지하기가어렵기때문이다. 체질별 BMI 를살펴보면태음인 (24.52±3.41) 이가
8 SH Kim et al. 69 장높고소음인 (24.11±2.64), 소양인 (22.77±3.06) 순서로낮게나타났는데, 한방병원에서건강검진을실시한만 19세에서 69세 235명의 BMI 를살펴본문 14 의연구에서는태음인이가장높고소양인, 소음인순서로나타났다. 본연구결과에서는특히소양인이유의하게수치가낮게나타났는데, 성 15 의연구에따르면 60대이상노인의평균 BMI 는 24.59로소양인은평균노인의 BMI 보다도낮게관찰된다. 소양인은성정의특성으로항상일을벌이려하고그만두지않으려하는性氣와外勝하려하고內守하려하지않는情氣를가지고있다. 이에외향적이고활동적인소양인이운동성의제한이큰파킨슨병을앓고있으면서도소양인의성정을유지하려함으로서다른인에비해체력의소모가커져위의결과로나타났다고생각해볼수있다. 파킨슨병환자들의체질분포를살펴보면태음인 (43.4%) 이가장높고소양인 (34.9%), 소음인 (21.7%) 순서로나타났다. 東醫壽世保元 의사상인변증 1) 에서제시된체질별인구분포에따르면태음인, 소양인, 소음인의비율이 5:3:2라고하였고, 이 16 의연구에따르면한국인사상인의비율이태음인 45.4%, 소양인 28.2%, 소음인 26.4% 로본연구의결과와유사하다고볼수있다. 파킨슨병환자의체질분포가전체인구의체질분포와유사하므로특정체질에파킨슨병이호발한다고볼수없다고사료된다. 그러나파킨슨병의사상체질분포를분석한 Jung 10 의연구에서는태음인 (40%), 소음인 (31%), 소양인 (29%) 순으로태음인이가장높게관찰된것은본연구와동일하였으나소양인, 소음인은순서는다르게나타났으므로추가적연구가필요하리라생각된다. 체질진단시소화기능, 발한, 대소변, 수면증상등의소증의체질적차이가중요한진단요소가된다. 파킨슨병에있어서도체질별로높은분포를나타내는비운동성증상들이각체질의특징적인소증의형태 1) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 四象人辨證論 太少陰陽人以今時目見一縣萬人數大略論之則太陰人五千人也. 少陽人三千人也. 少陰人二千人也. 太陽人數絶少一縣中或三四人十餘人而已. 로나타날것이라예상을하였는데, 연구결과소양인비운동성증상에서만소양인의소증인배뇨장애 (46.7%) 와수면장애 (37.8%) 가태음인, 소음인에비해높은경향성을나타내는것을알수있었다. 소증이외의증상들도살펴보면태음인에서는구음장애 (33.9%), 기립성저혈압및현훈 (25.0%) 증상이높게나타났다. 그리고소음인에서는구음장애 (10.7%), 연하장애 (3.6%), 인지장애 (0%) 등의증상이소양인, 태음인에비해낮게나타났는데, 이는 東醫壽世保元 에서도소양인, 태음인에는뇌졸중에대한언급이소음인에비해많은것과연관지어생각해볼수있다. 소음인범론 2) 에서는少陰人半身不遂病에鐵液水를복용하라는현재에는적용하기힘든내용이간단하게만언급되지만소양인 3), 태음인범론 4) 에서는중증도, 치료법, 예후까지자세히설명하였으며특히소양인은처방까지제시하였다 17. 이 17 와신 18 의연구에서도중풍환자 55명중소양인, 태음인비율은 40% 이상으로높게나왔으나소음인은수가낮게나온것은위와흡사한결과로생각되어진다. 또한호흡곤란은소양인 6.7% 에서만불편한증상으로호소하였다. 호흡곤란증상은소양인의喘促으로 東醫壽世保 2) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 少陰人泛論 嘗見少陰人半身不遂病有醫敎以服鐵液水得效. 3) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 少陽人泛論 少陽人病中風吐血嘔吐腹痛食滯痞滿五證同出一屬而自有輕重. 浮腫喘促結胸痢疾寒熱往來胸脇滿五證同出一屬而自有輕重 少陽人中風半身不遂一臂不遂末如何之疾也. 重者必死輕者猶生間以服藥安而復之待其自愈而不可期必治法之疾也 中風受病太重故治法不可期必吐血受病猶輕故治法可以期必中風吐血調養爲主服藥次之嘔吐以下腹痛食滯痞滿服藥調養則其病易愈 中風嘔吐宜用獨活地黃湯吐血宜用十二味地黃湯. 4) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 太陰人泛論 太陰人證有卒中風病胸臆格格有窒塞聲而目瞪者必用瓜蔕散手足拘攣眼合者當用牛黃淸心丸. 素面色黃赤黑者多有目瞪者素面色靑白者多有眼合者面色靑白而眼合者手足拘攣則其病急危也不必待拘攣但見眼合而素面色靑白者必急用淸心丸古方淸心丸每每神效. 目瞪者亦急發而稍緩死眼合者急發急死然目瞪者亦不可以緩論而急治之 牛黃淸心丸非家家必有之物宜用遠志石菖蒲末各一錢灌口因以皂角末三分吹鼻. 此證手足拘攣而項直則危也傍人以兩手執病人兩手腕左右撓動兩肩或執病人足腕屈伸兩脚太陰人中風撓動病人肩脚好也少陽人中風大忌撓動病人手足又不可抱人起坐少陰人中風傍人抱病人起坐則可也而不可搖動兩肩可以徐徐按摩手足.
9 70 The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital 元 소양인범론 5) 에표한병결흉증의同出一屬해당되는병증으로언급되고있다. 이에호흡곤란을호소하는 3명의환자가모두결흉증이라고예상하였으나, 음허오열증, 망음증, 흉격열증으로진단되었다. 기존의파킨슨병의사상체질분포를분석한 Jung 10 의연구에서는체질별파킨슨병증상에대해 UPDRS 총점수로증상의경중을비교하였는데, 총점의평균값이소양인, 소음인, 태음인순서로낮아져소양인파킨슨증상이태음인, 소음인에비해더중하다고보고하였다. 본연구에서는파킨슨병증상에대한체질적분포는제시하였지만경중에대한부분은나타내지못해추가적연구가필요하리라생각된다. 파킨슨병환자들의체질별다빈도처방을살펴보면소양인에서는형방도적산류인결흉증처방이 33.3%, 양격산화탕의소갈증처방이 22.2% 순서로나타났다. 태음인에서는청심연자탕, 열다한소탕의조열증처방이 73.2% 로대부분을차지하였고, 소음인도보중익기탕인망양증처방이 64.3% 으로높게나타났다. 표리병증의분포를살펴보면소양인은표한병과리열병처방이 48.9%, 51.1% 로비슷한비율로처방되었고, 태음인은리열병이 73.2%, 소음인은표열병이 82.1% 로나타났다. 즉, 파킨슨병환자에서태음인, 소음인에서는열증처방의비율이높게나타났고, 소양인에서는표한병, 리열병상관없이골고루분포하였다. 소양인의병은기본적으로火熱 6) 의특성을띄고있어표한병에서도淸裏熱降表陰치법을사용하므로, 증에관계없이소양인처방또한열과연관되어있다고볼수있다. 파킨슨병에대한사상체질과관련된기존증례논문 11편을살펴보면, 소양인 8례, 태음인 5례, 소음인 1례로, 소양인은소갈증양격산화탕 5) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 少陽人泛論 少陽人病中風吐血嘔吐腹痛食滯痞滿五證同出一屬而自有輕重. 浮腫喘促結胸痢疾寒熱往來胸脇滿五證同出一屬而自有輕重 少陽人傷寒喘促宜先用靈砂一分溫水調下因煎荊防瓜蔞等藥用之則必無煎藥時刻遲滯救病. 6) 東醫壽世保元 辛丑本 脾受寒表寒病論 論曰少陽人病以火熱爲證故變動甚速初證不可輕易視之也. 凡少陽人表病有頭痛裡病有便秘則已爲重病也重病不當用之藥一二三貼誤投則必殺人險病危證當用之藥一二三貼不及則亦不救命. 4례 19-21, 망음증형방지황탕 2례 22,23, 결흉증형방도적산 1례 21, 흉격열증지황백호탕 1례 24 이며, 태음인은조열증청심연자탕 4례 25-28, 열다한소탕 1례 29, 소음인은태음증곽향정기산및거풍산 1례 25 로분포하였다. 비록증례수가많이부족하지만소양인에서한증과열증이비슷하게분포하고, 태음인에서는열증처방만분포하는것이본연구와유사한결과를보였다고할수있다. 현재에도파킨슨병약물치료가장기간투여시나타나는부작용이흔하고, 레보도파제제가자세불안정및보행장애증상을개선시키지못한다는한계로인해보완대체의학에대한수요가점점늘고있다 30. 본연구결과를살펴봐도자세불안정및보행장애 (78.3%) 의증상을가장불편한증상으로호소하고있으며, 비운동성증상도약 30% 의환자들이호소하고있다. 특히비운동성증상은소증개선을통해체질적치료가가능하다. 그러므로지속적인연구를통해체질별파킨슨병증상분포의가이드라인정립이된다면질환으로인한체형, 용모사기의변형으로체질판별자체가어려운파킨슨병환자들에대한체질변증의정확성을높일수있어적절한사상체질적치료가이루어질것이라생각된다. 본연구의한계점은다음과같다. 첫째, 일개대학한방병원에내원한환자들을대상으로하여표본수가작고, 지역에의한편향의가능성이있어연구결과를일반화하기어렵다. 그러므로추후다양한지역의다수의대학한방병원에내원한환자들을대상으로파킨슨병의전체를대변하는연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 둘째, 총 129명환자에대한내용은후향적으로의무기록내용에만의존하여자료를수집하였기때문에기록의사실성을완전히담보할수는없다. 셋째, 사상체질처방과양약의병용투여에대한안전성을고려하지못하였다. 추후임상병리검사및병용투여로발생할수있는증상분석을통하여안전성을고려한연구가필요할것이다. 넷째, 체질에따른파킨슨증상의특성을통계적으로유의한자료를제시하지못하였고, 파킨슨환자들의사상의학적치료후의 UPDRS
10 SH Kim et al. 71 의점수변화등의증상호전도를제시하지못하였다. 추후치료에대한경과자료를보완하여체질에따른증상의종류및호전도차이, 나아가체질별전조증상, 비운동성증상, 합병증등에대한관련성연구가필요할것이다. 하지만파킨슨병증상으로한방병원에내원한환자들의양상과사상의학적한의약치료현황을파악하고자한본연구목적에부합하는자료는확보하여분석하였다고생각한다. 본연구는파킨슨병으로한방병원에내원하는환자들의일반적인양상과사상체질과전문의의진단을통한사상의학적한의약치료현황을분석한최초의연구라는점에서의의가있다. 그리고파킨슨병의증상의분포를체질적으로분석함으로써향후파킨슨병의한방치료에대한사상의학적임상진료지침을확립해나가는데기초자료로활용할수있을것으로생각한다. 그리고파킨슨병을체질적으로치료하는임상의들이실제진료현장에서참고하여활용할수있을것이다. Ⅴ. 結論 129명의파킨슨병으로 2012년 9월 1일부터 2018년 6월 30일까지대학한방병원에내원한환자들의일반적양상과파킨슨병증상에대한사상의학적한의약치료현황에대하여분석한결과는다음과같았다. 1. 환자들의일반적양상을종합해보면다음과같다. 남성보다여성의비율이높고, 평균연령은 60대로분포하였다. 주로증상이발생한후 1년이상이지난후에한방병원을방문하며대다수가양방약물치료를받고있었다. 체질별 BMI 는태음인, 소음인, 소양인순서로나타났으며, 특히소양인이유의하게낮게나타났다. 2. 사상의학적치료현황을분석해보면다음과같다. 체질분포는태음인, 소양인, 소음인순서로나타났으며태음인의분포비율이가장높았다. 체질별파킨슨병증상의분포를살펴보면, 소양인에서는배뇨 장애와수면장애가높게나타났고, 호흡곤란증상은단독으로만나타났다는것이특징이었다. 태음인에서는구음장애와기립성저혈압및현훈증상이높게나타났으며, 소음인에서는구음장애, 연하장애, 인지장애증상이소양인, 태음인에비해낮게나타났다. 3. 사상체질변증에따라처방된한약의분포는소양인은표한병, 리열병처방의비율이비슷하였고, 태음인에서는조열증, 소음인에서는망양증에주로분포하여열증처방의비율이높았다. 火熱병증인소양인병증의특성을고려하였을때파킨슨병은열증과연관이있다고할수있다. Ⅵ. References 1. Park SM, Lee SH, Yin CS, Kang MK, Lee YH. Literature Review on Parkinson's disease in Oriental medicine. J. Korean acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2004;21(1): (Korean) 2. Health insurance Review & Assessment Service, National Health Insurance Service National Health Insurrance statistical yearbook. Seoul (Korean) 3. Kim SR, Kim JY. Non-motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Mild Parkinson's Disease. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society. 2015;35(4): (Korean) 4. Cheon YJ, Park YS, Kim JT, Lim SC. Evaluation for Effectiveness and Tolerance Duration of Initial Medication on Untreated Early Parkinson s Disease. Yakhak Hoeji. 2015;59(3): (Korean) 5. Yang SB, Kim YJ, Lee HM, Lee HJ, Cho SY, Park JM et al. Effects of Korean Medicine on Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson s Disease: A Retrospective Study. J. Int. Korean Med. 2016;37(4): (Korean) 6. Li M, Yang HM, Luo DX, Chen JZ, Shi HJ. Multi-dimensional analysis on Parkinson s disease questionnaire-39
11 72 The Analysis on Characteristics according to Sasang Constitution of Patients with Parkinson s Disease in a Korean Medicine Hospital in Parkinson s patients treated with Bushen Huoxue Granule: A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded and placebo controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016;29: Kum WF, Durairajan SS, Bian ZX, Man SC, Lam YC, Xie LX et al. Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson s Disease with Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011: Yasuhiro Suzuki, Takashi Kimura, Kohei Kano, Hideaki Kishi, Kenta Nomura, Kosuke Yoshida, et al. The effectiveness of the herbal medicine, rikkunshito (TJ-43), on the absorption of levodopa and in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in the Parkinson's disease. Asahikawa mdeical center. 9. Doo AR, Kim SN, Hahm DH, Yoo HH, Park JY, Lee H et al. Gastrodia elata Blume alleviates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia by normalizing FosB and ERK activation in a 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's disease mouse model. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14: Jung JC, Kim KH, Park SM, Lee SH, Chang DI, Lee YH. The Study on the Distribution of Sasang Constitution and UPDRS(Unified Parkinson`s Disease Rating Scale) among Parkinson`s Disease Patients. The J. Korean acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2005;22(4):47-54.(Korean) 11. Fahn S, Elton RL, Memcers of the UPDRS development committee. Unified Parkinson s Disease Rating Scale. Recent Development in Parkinson's disease. 1987: Kim JS, Baik JS, Kim SJ, Cho JW, Koh SB, Park KW et al. Current status and future of Parkinson s disease in Korea. Public Health Weekly Report. 2018;11(31): (Korean) 13. Chio SA, Kim JH, Lee MS. Status of Korean Patients with Parkinson s Disease before Diagnosis. Korean Neurological Association. 2000;18(6): (Korean) 14. Moon SH, Sin SH, Kim HJ, Kim JY. A Relationship of the Obesity and Body Composition Analysis by Sasang Constitution. J Oriental Rehab Med. 2002; 12(4):1-10.(Korean) 15. Sung SC, Kim HS. The Relation between Body Mass Index and Functional fitness of Community-dwelling Older. J. Korean Soc. Living Environ. Sys. 2014;21(2): (Korean) 16. Lee TG, Hwang MW, Ham TI, Lee SK, Choe BK, Koh BH et al. A Study on the Distributional Rate of Sasangin in Korea. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2015;17 (3):12-21.(Korean) 17. Lee SJ, Lee JW, Cho HW, Kho CH, Lim EC. A Study on the Sasang Constitutional Classification of Stroke Patients by QSCCⅡ. J Sasang Constitut Med 2015; 27(3): (Korean) 18. Shin WY, Choi IH, Yoo JS, Choi SM, Park UA, Bae NY et al. A Comparison between Questionaire of Differentiation of Syndromes and QSCC2 in Stroke Inpatient. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2007;19(2): (Korean) 19. Park YG, Lee MS, Bae NY. Case Study of Soyang Patient with Parkinson Disease Having Depression. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2015;27(3): (Korean) 20. Park YG, Lee MS, Bae NY. A Case study of Soyangin patient with early-stage Parkinson s disease diagnosed as Upper wasting-thirst pattern. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2015;27(1): (Korean) 21. Park YG, Lee MS, Kim SH, Bae NY. Long-term Clinical Efficacy on Three Soyang Patients with Parkinson's Disease Improved by Combined Treatment of Korean-Western Medicine. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2016;28(4): (Korean) 22. Lee IS, Won JH. A Case report of Soyangin patient with early-stage Parkinson's disease treated with
12 SH Kim et al. 73 Hyeongbangjihwhang-tang. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2016;28(2): (Korean) 23. Kwak JY, Kim YH, Park JH, Hong SJ, Ahn TW. A Case Report on Parkinson s Disease Soyangin Patient with Abdominal Pain and Constipation. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2016;28(3): (Korean) 24. Lee JH, Jeong SH, Shin GC, Lee WC. A clinical report on the mild case of Parkinson's disease improved with Soyangin-Gihwangbeakho-tang. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2012;14(3): (Korean) 25. Jung SK, Song JM. Two Cases of Drug-induced Secondary Parkinsonism Treated with Sasang Constitutional Therapy. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2012;24(4): (Korean) 26. Lee MS, Park YG, Bae NY. A Case Study of a Taeeumin Patient with Advanced Parkinson s Disease Having Orthostatic Hypotension. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2016;28(2): (Korean) 27. Lee MS, Park YG, Bae NY. A Case Study of a Taeeumin Patient with Advanced Parkinson s Disease Diagnosed as Dry-heat Symptomatic Pattern. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2013;25(4): (Korean) 28. Kim SH, Choi EJ, Bae NY. A Case Study of a Taeeumin Patient with Parkinson s Disease Diagnosed as Dry-heat Symptomatic Pattern. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2017;29(4): (Korean) 29. Choi JS, Jang MH, Ahn TW. A Case Study of Parkinson`s Disease Patient Treated with Yuldahansotang gagam. J Sasang Constitut Med. 2012;24(3): (Korean) 30. Yang SB, Lim YJ, Lee HM, Lee HJ, Cho SY, Park JM et al. Effects of Korean Medicine on Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson s Disease:A Retrospective Study. J. Int. Korean Med. 2016;37(4): (Korean)
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