08-02 강찬(국)

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1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Paralabral Cysts and Their Correlation with Acetabular Disorder Chan Kang, MD, Deuk-Soo Hwang, MD, Yoo-Sun Jeon, MD, Dong-Hun Kang, MD, Jae-Whang Song, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between MRI findings and hip joint lesions evaluated by arthroscopy in patients affected by paralabral cyst. Materials and Methods: Of patients treated by hip arthroscopy from Jan 1996 to Mar 2010, 17 cases symptomatic of paralabral cyst as observed by preoperative MRI were analyzed. The presence of an acetabular labrum tear, and the location and size of the cyst were evaluated using both preoperative MRI and intraoperative arthroscopy. Visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris hip scale, and Hip outcome score results were compared as determined by the two assessment methods. Results: According to the MRI findings, the locations of the cysts included 5 cases in the anterosuperior, 2 anterior, 4 anteroinferior, 2 posterosuperior and 4 posteroinferior. The mean size of all cysts was mm 3. Postoperatively, the mean VAS score for all patients improved from 7.7 to 1.5, their modified Harris hip score improved from 58.8 to 90.7, and their Hip outcome score improved from 54 to Conclusion: Painful paralabral cyst was mainly associated with an acetabular labral tear and we concluded that observation of paralabral cyst upon preoperative MRI provided indirect evidence of proximal acetabular labral pathology. Key Words: Hip, Paralabral cyst, Acetabular labral tear Submitted: April 21, st revision: June 7, nd revision: July 25, rd revision: September 6, 2012 Final acceptance: September 10, 2012 Address reprint request to Deuk-Soo Hwang, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 33 Munwha-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon , Korea TEL: FAX: dshwang@cnu.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 서 론 고령화가진행됨에따라많은노년층인구가만성고관절통증을호소하고있고최근에는젊은연령에서도만성고관절통증을호소하는환자가늘어나일상생활및직업활동에큰지장을주고있다. 그러나만성고관절통증은임상적으로나, 방사선학적으로진단이어려우며, 그원인으로활액막염, 비구순손상및연골손상, 유리체, 퇴행성관절염, 대퇴골이형성증, 대퇴골두무혈성괴사등여러가지질환이있을수있다 1). 최근 3 차원컴퓨터단층촬영, 자기공명영상등의발달과더불어고관절의관절경이치료및확진에유용한수단으로대두되면서대퇴골두비구충 Copyright c 2012 by Korean Hip Society 231

2 돌증후군과동반되어비구순파열이보다흔한원인으로밝혀지고있다. Shearman 등 2) 은고관절통증의원인으로비구순주위낭종이있을수있다고보고하였고, Magee 등 3) 은비구순주위낭종이비구순의병변과관련이있다고보고한적은있지만, 모두방사선전문의에의한보고이며수술소견과관련하여직접적인비교는아직까지보고된바없었다. 이에저자들은비구순주위낭종을가지고있는환자의자기공명영상소견과관절경에서확인되는고관절병변을비교하여이들의상관관계를평가하고더불어비구순주위낭종의관절경치료의임상적결과를보고하고자한다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 1996 년 1 월부터 2010 년 3 월까지고관절통증을호소하여정형외과외래로내원하여고관절관절경치료를시행한환자중자기공명영상에서비구순주위낭종이확인된 17 명 (17 예 ) 를후향적으로분석하였다. 남자 8 명 (8 예 ), 여자 9 명 (9 예 ) 였으며평균나이는 37.8 세 (21-62 세 ), 우측 13 명 (13 예 ), 좌측 4 명 (4 예 ), 평균추시기간은 43.6 개월 ( 개월 ) 이었다. 술전외상력및골절, 탈구의과거력을확인하였다. 모든환자들은수술전외래에서 3-6 개월간약물치료를하며지켜보았고하고있었던운동이있으면중단하도록하였다. 그런후에도증상이지속되는환자들을수술적응증으로하였다. 2. 방사선학적검사 단순고관절전후방사선사진, frog-leg 측면사진, false profile 사진과 cross-table 측면사진을촬영하였으며골관절염정도는 Tönnis 분류법을사용하였다 4). 측면 CE (central-edge) 각을측정하여 15 미만인경우를비구이형성증으로분류하였다 5). 그리고단순방사선사진과 3 차원컴퓨터단층촬영에서방사선학적골성이상을평가하기위해대퇴골두의알파각, 전방대퇴오프셋, 측면 CE 각을측정하였다. 알파각은 50 이상인경우증가된것으로, 전방대퇴오프셋은 10 mm 이하인경우감소된것으로판단하여 cam 형충돌증후군으로분류하였다. 비구후경 (acetabular retroversion) 은비구의개구부가정상적으로전상방부를향하지못하고후외측으로치우쳐있는상태를의미하며측면 CE 각이 40 이상인경우, 비구전벽이후벽과교차할경우를비구후경, 비구오목이장좌골선과맞닿아있는경우를심부고, 대퇴골두가장좌골선을통과할경우를골반내돌출비구 (protrusion acetabuli) 라고하였고이들은 pincer 형충돌증후군으로분류하였다 5-10). 그 리고자기공명영상 (MRI) 에서비구순파열의유무, 위치, 낭종의유무, 크기, 위치를검토하였다. 3. 관절경적검사및수술방법 관절경에서비구순주위낭종과비구순의위치및비구순의파열형태, 연골병변을조사하였고, 비구순파열형태에따라관절경에서비구와비구순의연결성이없는완전파열, 비구순하면이비구부착부에서떨어진불완전파열, 비구순내에퇴행성변화를포함하는퇴행성파열로분류하였다 11). 수술은환자를앙와위자세에서견인테이블을이용하여고관절을견인하고삽입구는전방, 전외측, 후외측의 3 가지기본삽입구를이용하였고유리체제거나봉합이필요한경우에삽입구를추가하였다 12,13). 관절경적낭종감압술과더불어비구순파열중퇴행성변화가없는완전파열, 불완전파열은비구순봉합을시행하였고퇴행성변화가진행되어복원가능성이없는퇴행성파열은비구순부분절제술을시행하였다. 비구순봉합은파열된비구순의비구 - 관절낭접합부의연부조직을제거하여비구의외측면을노출시킨후흡수성봉합나사 (BioRaptor, Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA, USA) 를삽입한후파열된부위의봉합을시행하였다. 그리고 pincer 형대퇴비구충돌환자는충돌을유발하는병변을 4.0 mm burr 를이용하여비구성형술을시행하였고 cam 형대퇴비구충돌환자는 5.5 mm burr 를이용하여대퇴골두성형술을시행하였다. 이런방법으로 17 예중 15 예는관절내낭종의위치와관절내병변을확인하고상관관계를분석하였고, 낭종이관절밖으로확장되어좌골신경을압박한 2 예는후방관절외도달법으로관절경을삽입하여낭종감압술을시행하고관절내병변은확인하지않았다. 술후관리는대퇴비구충돌에대한골성형술과비구순절제술을시행받은환자들에대해서는수술다음날부터전체중부하를허용하였으나비구순파열로봉합술을시행한환자들에대해서는목발을이용한부분체중부하만을허용하였다. 고관절관절운동은 0-90 사이의굴곡운동은허용하였으나 90 이상의과굴곡은금하였고수술후유착발생을줄이기위해고관절의수동적진자운동을시행하였다 14). 그리고임상결과에대한평가로수술전후 visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris hip score, 그리고 Hip outcome score 를비교하였으며, 추시자기공명영상촬영을통해낭종의잔존을확인하였다. 결 과 외상력은 5 예에서있었으며골절및탈구의과거력은없었고평균측면 CE 각은 35.2 ( ) 로비구이형성은 232

3 Chan Kang et al.: Paralabral Cysts and Their Correlation with Acetabular Disorder 1 예에서동반되었다. 방사선소견에서대퇴비구충돌은 9 예 (52.9%) 에서존재하였고 cam 형이 4 예 (43.7%), pincer 형이 5 예 (56.3%) 였으며, 혼재형은없었다. Tönnis 분류는 0, 1, 2 등급이각각 2 예 (11.8%), 13 예 (76.4%), 2 예 (11.8%) A B C Fig. 1. (A) Preoperative plain radiographs & MRI shows coxa profunda, mild ischial spine sign, and cyst at 3-5 o clock (arrow). (B) Arthroscopic finding shows labral tear associated paralabral cyst. (C) Postoperative F/U MRI at 2 months shows disappearance of cyst

4 로퇴행성변화와비구순주위낭종간의유의한관계는없었다 (P=0.16). 자기공명영상에서낭종의위치는전상방에 5 예 (29.4%), 전방에 2 예 (11.8%), 전하방에 4 예 (23.5%), 후상방에 2 예 (11.8%), 후하방에는 4 예 (23.5%) 가존재하였고평균크기는 25.1( ) 12.5( ) 13.8( ) mm 3 로측정되었다. 관절경으로관절내병변을확인한 15 예는전예에서비구순파열이존재하였고퇴행성파열이 10 예 (66.7%), 불완전파열이 5 예 (33.3%) 였으며, 완전파열은없었다. 자기공명영상에서의낭종의위치와관절경에서확인된비구순파열의위치는 15 예중 14 예 (93.3%) 에서일치하였고 (P<0.001)(Fig. 1), 1 예는비구순파열의위치가낭종부위가아닌다른부위에있었다. 평균 VAS 는술전 7.7(7-9) 에서술후 1.5(0-3) 로, 평균 modified Harris hip score 는술전 58.8(45-70) 에서술후 90.7(80-100) 로, 그리고평균 Hip outcome score 는술전 54.2(40-70) 에서술후 93.5(70-100) 으로유의한임상적호전을보였다 (P<0.001). 추시자기공명영상에서관절내에서감압을시행한 15 예에서는낭종이사라졌으나후방관절외로확장되어관절내병변을확인하지않은 2 예는좌골신경압박부낭종은사라졌고하지방사통역시사라졌으나비구주위낭종이일부잔존하였다 (Fig. 2). 고 찰 관절주위낭종은인접한관절의이상과흔히관련되어있다. 슬관절, 견관절, 완관절에서의이상과낭종과의관련성에대해서는보고되고있고, 낭종이반월상연골낭종같은관절질환과연관되어있다면기존관절질환의치료가낭종재발을예방하는데필요하다고하였다 15-17). Schnarkowski 등 18) 은한환자의제한된후향적연구를통해자기공명영상에서나타나는비구순주위낭종이비구순파열과연관되어있음을보고하였으며비구순에전단력이가해지면비구순의퇴행과파열을유발하고이는대퇴골두와비구순사이의일치점 (congruity) 의손실을유발하며관절내압력의증가를초래한다고하였다. 이증가된압력은퇴행성변화가일어난비구순으로, 혹은파열된비구순그리고비구순주위의연부조직내로활액의이동을유발하여비구순낭종이발생한다고하였다. 또한 Magee 등 3) 은비구순주위낭종에대해 MRI 를시행한 13 명의환자에서낭종이발생한자리에비구순파열의존재를확인하여관련성을보고한바있다. 이렇게비구순주위낭종과비구순의병변과의관련성이보고된적이있지만, 그사례의수가적었고모두영 A B C D Fig years-old female with Rt buttock pain and radiating to leg. (A) Plain radiograph shows the prominent acetabular rim. (B) In MRI, cyst exist from posterior to posteroinferior of the hip joint and multinodular cysts situated along the sciatic nerve (arrows). (C) Arthroscopic finding shows cyst (C) around sciatic nerve and opening to joint (arrow). (D) Extraarticular cyst have been nearly disappeared at POD 22months on MRI. But, cysts around acetabulum was still existed

5 Chan Kang et al.: Paralabral Cysts and Their Correlation with Acetabular Disorder 상의학과전문의에의한영상의학적인연구로수술소견과의직접적인관련연구는현재까지이루어진바가없었다. 이에저자들은만성고관절통증으로관절경수술을받은환자중수술전자기공명영상촬영상비구순주위낭종을가지고있는환자를후향적으로분석하여낭종의위치와비구순병변의위치를관절경으로확인하여보다직접적으로관련성을규명하고자하였다. 관절경으로관절내병변을확인한 15 예는모든예 ( 퇴행성파열 10 예, 불완전파열 5 예 ) 에서비구순파열이존재하였고자기공명영상에확인된낭종의위치와관절경에서확인된비구순파열의위치는 15 예중 14 예에서일치하여낭종과비구순파열이밀접한관계가있음을확인하였다. 또한만성고관절통증환자에서시행한자기공명영상에서비구순주위낭종의발견은비구순파열의유용한간접징후로사용될수있으며관절경수술의선택에있어도움이될것임을시사하고있다. 그리고추가적으로비구순파열을동반한비구순주위낭종의치료로관절경을이용한낭종감압술및비구순절제혹은봉합술이효과적인치료임을확인할수있었다. 본연구의장점으로는첫째로국내외문헌상비구순주위낭종과비구순병변에대한연구가많지않은상태에서최근대두되고있는고관절의관절경수술을통해낭종과비구순파열과의관련성및치료효과를동시에알수있었다는점이고, 둘째로는한술자에의해시행된수술및연구라는점이다. 본연구의제한점으로는후향적연구이며, 그전의연구들에비해사례가많긴하였지만아직표본의크기가작다는점과비구순주위낭종과독립된비구순병변과의관련성및인과관계를밝힐수는없었다는점이다. 추후더많은관절경수술사례로그들의인과관계및임상결과에대한추가적인연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 결 론 통증을호소하는비구순주위낭종은비구순파열과연관되어발생할수있고고관절관절경치료시에이를고려하여야한다. 또한수술전자기공명영상에서비구순주위낭종이있는경우대개비구순병리의간접적인증거가될수있을것으로판단된다. REFERENCES 01.Petersilge CA, Haque MA, Petersilge WJ, Lewin JS, Lieberman JM, Buly R. Acetabular labral tears: evaluation with MR arthrography. Radiology. 1996;200: Sherman PM, Matchette MW, Sanders TG, Parsons TW. Acetabular paralabral cyst: an uncommon cause of sciatica. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32: Magee T, Hinson G. Association of paralabral cysts with acetabular disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174: Tönnis D. Normal values of the hip joint for the evaluation of X-rays in children and adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;(119): Weinstein SL. Natural history of congenital hip dislocation (CDH) and hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(225): Nötzli HP, Wyss TF, Stoecklin CH, Schmid MR, Treiber K, Hodler J. The contour of the femoral head-neck junction as a predictor for the risk of anterior impingement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84: Tannast M, Siebenrock KA. Conventional radiographs to assess femoroacetabular impingement. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58: Reynolds D, Lucas J, Klaue K. Retroversion of the acetabulum. A cause of hip pain. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81: Tannast M, Siebenrock KA, Anderson SE. Femoroacetabular impingement: radiographic diagnosis--what the radiologist should know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188: Kim PS, Hwang DS, Kang C, Lee JB, Lee WW, Han SC. Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement in young taekwondo players. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2011;46: Beck M, Leunig M, Parvizi J, Boutier V, Wyss D, Ganz R. Anterior femoroacetabular impingement: part II. Midterm results of surgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;(418): Glick JM, Sampson TG, Gordon RB, Behr JT, Schmidt E. Hip arthroscopy by the lateral approach. Arthroscopy. 1987;3: Ide T, Akamatsu N, Nakajima I. Arthroscopic surgery of the hip joint. Arthroscopy. 1991;7: Philippon M, Schenker M, Briggs K, Kuppersmith D. Femoroacetabular impingement in 45 professional athletes: associated pathologies and return to sport following arthroscopic decompression. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15: Steiner E, Steinbach LS, Schnarkowski P, Tirman PF, Genant HK. Ganglia and cysts around joints. Radiol Clin North Am. 1996;34: , xi-xii. 16.Haller J, Resnick D, Greenway G, et al. Juxtaacetabular ganglionic (or synovial) cysts: CT and MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989;13: Tyson LL, Daughters TC Jr, Ryu RK, Crues JV 3rd. MRI appearance of meniscal cysts. Skeletal Radiol. 1995;24: Schnarkowski P, Steinbach LS, Tirman PF, Peterfy CG, Genant HK. Magnetic resonance imaging of labral cysts of the hip. Skeletal Radiol. 1996;25:

6 국문초록 비구순주위낭종과고관절병변과의상관관계 찬 황득수 전유선 강동훈 송재황충남대학교의학전문대학원정형외과학교실 의학연구소 목적 : 비구순주위낭종을가지고있는환자의자기공명영상촬영소견과관절경에서확인되는고관절병변과의상관관계에대해알아보고자한다. 대상및방법 : 1996 년 1 월부터 2010 년 3 월까지고관절관절경수술을시행받은환자중자기공명영상에서비구순주위낭종이확인된 17 예를분석하였다. 술전자기공명영상및관절경상비구순파열의유무, 위치및크기를검토하였다. 수술전후의 visual analogue scale, modified Harris hip score, Hip outcome score 를비교하였다. 결과 : 자기공명영상에서낭종의위치는전상방에 5 예, 전방에 2 예, 전하방에 4 예, 후상방에 2 예, 후하방에 4 예가존재하였고평균크기는 mm 3 였다. 수술후, 평균 VAS 는 7.7 에서 1.5 로, modified Harris hip score 는 58.8 에서 90.7 로, Hip outcome score 는 54 에서 93.5 로유의한임상적호전을보였다. 결론 : 통증을호소하는비구순주위낭종환자는비구순파열과주로연관되어있었고, 이를통해수술전자기공명영상에서비구순주위낭종이있는경우대개비구순병리의간접적인증거가될수있을것으로판단된다. 색인단어 : 고관절, 비구순주위낭종, 비구순파열 236

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