<30342D31362D C0CCC1BEBCF62DC0E5BCF6B0E E687770>
|
|
- 채무 허
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(11): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Original Article 결막표면에융기된흑색세포종양의임상양상 Clinical Manifestations of Extruded Conjunctival Melanocytic Mass 장수경 1 박병건 1 박영민 2 이종수 1 Su Gyeong Jang, MD 1, Byung Gun Park, MD 1, Young Min Park, MD 2, Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD 1 부산대학교의학전문대학원부산대학교병원안과학교실 1, 경상대학교의학전문대학원창원경상대학교병원안과학교실 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine 1, Busan, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine 2, Changwon, Korea Purpose: To investigate the clinical manifestations and characteristics of extruded conjunctival melanocytic mass. Methods: A total of 33 patients who had extruded conjunctival melanocytic mass and who underwent excisional biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Based on the excisional biopsy results, 13 patients (40%) were diagnosed with compound nevus, nine patients (27%) with subepithelial nevus, eight patients (24%) with primary acquired melanosis without atypia, and three patients (9%) with malignant melanoma. Compound nevus was located on the temporal side of the cornea in 54% of affected cases, bulbar conjunctival in 77%, and was partially pigmented (brown) in 61%. The average size of the melanocytic mass was 24 mm when histological analysis showed melanin nevus cells in the conjunctival epithelial layer and subepithelial stromal layer. Subepithelial nevus was located on the temporal side of the cornea (56%) and in the bulbar conjunctival (78%) and had a brown color (78%). The average size of the melanocytic mass was 28 mm when histological analysis showed melanin nevus cells located only in the subepithelial stromal layer and forming nest shapes. Primary acquired melanosis without atypia was located on the temporal side of the cornea (62.5%) and bulbar conjunctival (75%) and had brown color (75%). The average size of melanin nevus cells located only in the basement membrane of the epithelial layer was 30 mm. Three of these masses were malignant melanoma, and all cases were located on the superior side of the cornea and palpebral conjunctiva. All cases were black and had an average size of 53 mm, with malignant cells observed in all layers of the conjunctiva and connective tissue. Conclusions: A conjunctival melanocytic mass located on the palpebral conjunctiva, extruding onto the surface, and large in size should be suspected as malignant melanoma. In such cases, early biopsy and aggressive resection are required. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(11): Keywords: Conjunctival mass, Malignant melanoma, Nevus, Primary acquired melanosis 결막은얇고투명한점막조직으로여러종류의안표면종양이발생할수있다. 결막의점막조직상피는비각질중 Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, #179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea Tel: , Fax: jongsool@pusan.ac.kr 층편평상피, 술잔세포, 랑게르한스세포로구성되어있으며, 점막조직상피아래는성긴결합조직으로구성된기질이놓여있다. 기질에있는림프구와형질세포에서분비되는항체가눈의정상적인방어기전을형성한다. 안표면종양은결막상피와기질모두에서발생가능하며이러한종양은임상적, 조직병리학적으로다른인체조직의점막에서발생하는종양과비슷한양상을보인다. 그러나다른인체조직의점막과는다르게, 결막은햇빛이나자극에노출되어있으며이로인해종양이발생할수있다. 1-3 안표면종양은 c2016 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1691
2 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 11 호 - 선천적또는후천적으로발생가능하며, 그종류별로크기, 모양, 색소등에따라다양한임상양상을보인다. 2 안표면종양중결막표면으로그형태가융기되어관찰되는흑색세포종양으로는모반 (nevus), 후천흑색종 (acquired melanosis), 악성흑색종 (malignant melanoma) 이있다. 4 결막모반은결막조직에발생하는색소성침착중가장흔한병변으로양성인경우가대부분이지만 5% 이내로악성흑색종으로진행하는것으로알려져있다. 5 특히결막상피층에서종양병변의두께가두꺼워져결막표면으로융기되는경우종양의예후와연관이많은데결막상피층의표피로부터침윤이 1.8 mm 이상이면예후가좋지못하고안와부위의연조직이나, 폐, 간, 뇌, 뼈로의전이가상대적으로많이발생한다. 3,5 저자들은결막에서발병하여결막표면으로종양이융기된흑색세포종양의임상소견과조직학적인진단사이의연관성과, 종양의악성화여부를판단하는임상적진단기준, 조직학적특징을알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 2011년부터 2014년까지본원안과에서세극등현미경검사상결막표면의흑색세포종양으로임상진단되어, 이후절제생검및조직검사를시행받은환자 33명 ( 남자 16 명, 여자 17명 ) 의의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 본연구는본원의임상시험심사위원회로부터승인을받았다 ( 승인번호 : E ). 대상환자의성별, 나이, 병변발생후진단까지의기간, 그리고외상의과거력을분석에이용하였으며, 익상편, 검열반등과같은결막변성및질환유무를확인하였다. 흑색세포종양의임상평가기준은환자의증상과병변의위치, 크기, 그리고색깔에따라분석하였다. 환자의증상은이물감, 통증, 그리고충혈과같은안표면염증을시사하는소견이동반되었는지유무로확인하였다. 종양의위치는구결막, 검결막, 눈물언덕, 그리고반월주름으로구분하였으며, 각막을기준으로상측, 하측, 이측, 비측의 4분면으로나누었다. 종양의크기는병변의가장긴직경을측정하였다. 종양의색깔은무색소, 부분적으로색소침착을보이는갈색, 검은색으로분류하였다. 절제생검을시행한조직들은정확한조직소견및진단을위해 Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) 염색을시행하였으며, 감별이필요한경우는 HMB 45 특수염색및기타특수염색을시행하였다. 결과 총 33 명의환자중 76% 인 25 명이종양발견후 10 년이 내에병원을방문해결막표면흑색세포종양의진단을받았으며나머지 8명 (24%) 은 10년에서 50년까지다양한진단기간을보였다. 남자는 16명, 여자는 17명이었고, 평균나이는 ± 21.68세 (range 11-82) 였다. 동반된결막변성및질환이있는경우는없었으며, 통증과이물감이동반된경우는각각 2명 (6%), 5명 (15%) 이었고나머지 26명 (79%) 의경우증상이없었다. 절제생검을통한조직학적인진단결과복합모반이 13안 (40%), 상피하모반이 9안 (27%), 이형성이동반되지않은원발성후천성흑색증 8안 (24%), 그리고악성흑색종이 3 안 (9%) 이었다. 전체 33안중 22안 (67%) 이모반으로진단되었고, 모반의위치는 17안 (77%) 에서구결막에존재하였고각막이측에 12안 (54%), 각막비측에 8안 (36%) 으로조사되었다. 15안 (68%) 에서갈색, 4안 (18%) 에서검은색을띠었다. 복합모반의경우구결막에위치한경우가 10안 (77%) 으로가장흔하였고, 각막이측에위치한경우가 7안 (54%) 으로가장많았으며비측이 5안 (38%) 으로각막이측, 비측에 Table 1. Location and pigmentation of compound nevus Number (%) Quadrant Temporal 7 (54) Nasal 5 (38) Superior 0 (0) Inferior 1 (8) Locations Bulbar conjunctiva 10 (77) Caruncle 2 (15) Plica 0 (0) Palpebral conjunctiva 1 (8) Pigmentation Amelanocytic 2 (16) Partially pigmented (brown) 8 (61) Pigmented (black) 3 (23) Table 2. Location and pigmentation of subepithelial nevus Number (%) Quadrant Temporal 5 (56) Nasal 3 (33) Superior 1 (11) Inferior 0 (0) Locations Bulbar conjunctiva 7 (78) Caruncle 2 (22) Plica 0 (0) Palpebral conjunctiva 0 (0) Pigmentation Amelanocytic 1 (11) Partially pigmented (brown) 7 (78) Pigmented (black) 1 (11) 1692
3 - 장수경외 : 결막표면종양 - A B Figure 1. Slit-lamp photograph and Histologic feature of Compound Nevus. (A) Slit-lamp photograph shows pigmented conjunctival mass at caruncle. (B) Histologic features of the conjunctival mass (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 100) shows Melanin pigments (melanocyte) in the epidermis near side, cells are in the dermis as well as in the epidermis. Melanocyte formed a nest shape. Tissue shows several stromal cysts and neurotinization (cell size is getting smaller near the dermis). It is the differentiation to neural cell and differentiation means that this tissue is benign. A B C Figure 2. Slit-lamp photograph and Histologic features of Subepithelial Nevus. (A) Slit-lamp photograph shows pigmented conjunctival mass at superior side of bulbar conjunctiva. (B) Histologic features of the conjunctival mass shows nevus cells that has melanin pigment are in the subepithelial layer but, not in the epithelium. Nevus cells formed a sheet or nest shape (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400). (C) Tissue shows no atypia. Therefore this tissue is not dysplastic or malignant melanoma, but benign nevus (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 40). 위치한경우가대부분이었다. 복합모반의평균직경은 24 mm 였다. 색소의침착은갈색으로보이는경우가 8안 (61%), 검은색은 3안 (23%), 색소침착이없는경우도 2안 (16%) 이있었다 (Table 1, Fig. 1A). 조직소견으로는검은색을띠게하는멜라닌모반세포가결막상피및상피하기칠층에복합적으로존재하며, 상피에가까운세포일수록크기가작아지는현상을보임으로써조직이양성임을알수있었고세포의이형성은관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 1B). 상피하모반은구결막에서가장높은비율 (7안, 78%) 로관찰되었으며, 각막의이측 (5안, 56%) 과비측 (3안, 33%) 에대 부분위치하였다. 상피하모반의평균직경은 28 mm였으며갈색으로보이는경우가 7안 (78%) 으로가장많았다 (Table 2, Fig. 2A). 조직소견으로는멜라닌색소를함유하는멜라닌모반세포가상피하기질층에서만관찰되고멜라닌모반세포는 sheet 또는 nest shape을형성하였다. 세포의이형성이관찰되지않으며양성조직의세포형태를나타냈다 (Fig. 2B, C). 원발성후천성흑색종 (primary acquired melanosis, PAM) 은총 8안에서진단되었는데, 8안모두가이형성이동반되지않은원발성후천성흑색종으로나타났다. 각막비측 (62.5%), 구결막에위치 (75%) 하는경우가많았고갈색의색 1693
4 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 11 호 - A B C Figure 3. Slit-lamp photograph and Histologic features of primary acquired melanosis (PAM). (A) Slit-lamp photograph shows pigmented conjunctival mass at nasal bulbar conjunctiva. (B) Histologicfeatures of the conjunctival mass. Melanocyte proliferate intraepithelial layer without nuclear atypia. Tissue show no stromal invasion and no mitosis (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200). (C) HMB45 stain positive findings of conjunctival mass, 200. Table 3. Location and pigmentation of primary acquired melanosis Number (%) Quadrant Temporal 2 (25) Nasal 5 (62.5) Superior 1 (12.5) Inferior 0 (0) Locations Bulbar conjunctiva 6 (75) Caruncle 0 (0) Plica 0 (0) Palpebral conjunctiva 2 (25) Pigmentation Amelanocytic 1 (12.5) Partially pigmented (brown) 6 (75) Pigmented (black) 1 (12.5) 소성변화를보이는경우 (75%) 가가장많았다 (Table 3, Fig. 3A). 평균직경은 30 mm로결막모반과비교적비슷한크기로관찰되었다. 조직학적으로멜라닌모반세포가상피층바닥막에국한되어있었고기질로의침범은관찰되지않았으며핵소체의증가도관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 3B, C). 악성흑색종으로진단된 3안의경우는모두각막상측, 검결막에위치하였으며검은색을보였다 (Table 4, Fig. 4A). 복합모반과상피하모반의평균직경이 mm, 원발성후천성이었던것에비해, 악성흑색종의평균직경은 53 mm 로병변의크기가큰것이특징이었다. 조직소견상높은핵 / 세포질비율을보이는세포가증가하였으며, 결막의상피층과상피하및결체조직모두에서멜라닌색소와함께핵소체가다수관찰되며세포분화가진행되지않은미성숙세포조직으로악성임을확인할수있다 (Fig. 4B-D). 악성흑색종은재발과전이가흔하기때문에다른부위의전이여 Table 4. Location and pigmentation of malignant melanoma Number (%) Quadrant Temporal 0 (0) Nasal 0 (0) Superior 3 (100) Inferior 0 (0) Locations Bulbar conjunctiva 0 (0) Caruncle 0 (0) Plica 0 (0) Palpebral conjunctiva 3 (100) Pigmentation Amelanocytic 0 (0) Partially pigmented (brown) 0 (0) Pigmented (black) 3 (100) 부를확인하는것이중요하며, 6,7 특히폐, 두개강내, 뼈전이가많다고알려져있다. 8 귀앞쪽, 턱밑임파절촉지, 간효소등혈액학적검사를시행하고, 영상학적인검사를시행할수있다. 컴퓨터단층촬영 (computer tomography, CT) 은일반적으로안구뼈나두개강내로전이된경우, 석회화된병변을평가하는데사용되고, 자기공명영상장치 (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) 는연부조직을보는데 CT보다우수하고더정확한영상을얻을수있으며석회화병변이아닌경우에도관찰이가능하다. 그러나악성흑색종환자에서전이여부를확인하고, 전이가된경우치료의방향을결정하고병기를나누는일반적인검사는양전자방출단층촬영 (Positron Emission Tomography, PET) 과컴퓨터단층촬영 (CT) 을몸전체에동시에시행하는것이다. 이것은조직의생리적인활성과해부학적위치를동시에파악할수있어최근에일반적으로널리사용된다. 8 본원에서진단받 1694
5 - 장수경외 : 결막표면종양 - A B C D Figure 4. Slit-lamp photograph and Histologic features of Malignant melanoma. (A) Slit-lamp photograph shows pigmented conjunctival mass at superior palpebral conjunctiva. (B) Histologicfeatures of the conjunctival mass. Large nuclear cells with increased cellularity. Prominent nucleoli with melanin pigments (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 100). (C) Histologic features of the conjunctival mass showed severe mitosis (arrows) (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, 400). (D) HMB45 stain positive findings of conjunctival mass. 은 3명의경우, 신체검사에서는특이소견이관찰되지않았고, PET/CT 촬영및추가적인검사를권유하였으나, 타병원전원을원하여더이상의검사는이루어지지않았다. 고찰 결막에색소를침착시키는멜라닌모반세포는결막상피층바닥에위치하며색소를직접적으로함유하지않고가지형의세포돌기가없어상피층에분산되기보다는축적된형태로결막의기질층과상피세포층이만나는지점에서병변이주로발생한다. 이런결막의흑색세포종양중표면으로융기되어나오는종양으로는모반, 원발성후천흑색종, 악성흑색종이있는데, 4 이런병변들은염증이나외상, 다양한호르몬의자극에의해활성화된다. 9 결막색소침착중가장많은빈도를보이는결막모반은, 멜라닌모반세포의조직학적위치에따라복합모반, 상피하모반, 경계성모반으로나뉜다. 일반적으로단안성이며, 경계가명확하고, 각막윤부근처에서많이발생하지만각막을침범하지않고, 크기는다양하나두께가얇고매우표면적으로분포한다. 10 조직소견으로는색소병변내낭포가존재하는것이특징이며악성을띠는세포의존재는관찰되지않는다. 2,10 한보고에의하면결막모반은 65% 에서갈색을띠고 19% 에서검은색을띤다고하였으며, 구결막 (72%), 눈물언덕 (15%), 반달주름 (11%) 에분포하며, 구결막중이측에서 46%, 비측에 44% 의비율로관찰된다하였다. 10 본연구에서의결막모반분포를보면, 갈색과검은색이각각 68%, 18% 의비율로나타났고위치는구결막 77%, 각막의이측 54%, 비측 36% 로기존발표된연구와상당히비슷한양상의분포를보이는것을알수있다. 결막모반의종류중에서경계성모반은젊은연령에서발 1695
6 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 11 호 - 생하고공막과분리되어잘움직이며, 멜라닌모반세포가결막상피층과기질층사이에서발생한다. 결막표면으로융기되는색소병변이없는것이특징이며, 악성으로변할가능성은거의없다. 9,10 본연구의조직검사에서는경계성모반으로진단받은경우는없었다. 상피하모반은결막의상피층아래에존재하는기질층에만멜라닌모반세포가존재하는경우를말하는것으로, 선명한갈색을보이며, 공막과분리되어잘움직이고고령일수록유병률이높다. 9,10 조직학적으로모반세포가작고진한방추형의덩어리형태로관찰되거나, 타원형의모양으로 sheet 형태를구성하는것으로알려져있다. 11 본연구에서도갈색을보이는경우가 9안중 7안, 78% 로가장많았으며, 조직학적검사에서모반세포가상피하기질층에서 sheet 또는 nest shape을형성하는것을관찰할수있었다. 또한이형성세포는관찰되지않았다. 복합모반은가장흔한형태의결막모반으로전체결막모반의 70-78% 를차지한다. 9,10 본연구에서는결막모반 22 안중 13안인 59% 가복합모반으로진단받았다. 조직학적으로복합모반은멜라닌세포가상피층과기질층에걸쳐모두생기고모반세포가크고둥글며대부분 nest 형태를띤다. 매우특징적이고진단적인조직학적양상으로 cyst를들수있는데복합모반의절반에서 cyst를관찰할수있다 복합모반으로진단받은결막표면의흑색종양에서 nest shape을형성하고있는둥근멜라닌세포를관찰할수있었으며, 기질내에 cyst와정상적인세포분화를나타내는 neurotinization을관찰할수있었다. 임상적으로색소가침착되는결막종양에이런낭형태의병변이혼용되어존재하면악성보다는양성의종양으로감별된다. 11 결막모반에서악성흑색종으로악화되는경우는약 20% 정도로주로검결막상측또는하측에위치한다. 10 조직검사결과세포내이형성이나, 악성흑색종을시사하는멜라닌모반세포의바닥막침범이관찰되는경우, nest shape 모반세포의크기가커지거나, 주위다른세포군과합쳐지는양상을보이는경우악성흑색종을의심하여야한다. 13 결막모반의일반적인치료는수술적절제인데, 완전절제가중요하다고알려져있으며, 재발을줄이기위해종양의절제경계부위에냉동치료를하기도한다. 1,10 그러나병변이작거나양성의종양일경우는아르곤레이저를통해병변의제거가성공적으로이루어졌다는보고도있다. 14,15 원발성후천흑색종은대부분속발성으로유전적, 대사적, 독성요인으로발생하며단안성으로 50대중년층에호발한다. 16 결막어느부위에나발생가능하나주로각막의이측, 하측결막사분면에잘생긴다. 16 초기에는대부분갈색의편평한병변으로낭형태의병변없이생기지만악성흑색종으로진행되는경우는색소의병변이결막표면위 로융기되면서피부병변인눈구석이나눈꺼풀테로진행되기도한다. 17 이전연구들과는다르게본연구에서는절반이상에서병변이비측에서발견되었고어느정도결막표면위로융기된병변이대부분이었다. PAM은조직학적으로크게 2가지로나뉘는데이형성이동반되지않은경우 (PAM without atypia) 와이형성이동반된경우 (PAM with atypia) 이다. 18 전자의경우는멜라닌모반세포가상피층의바닥막에국한되어있으며핵소체의증가나핵의과다염색성은관찰되지않아서악성흑색종으로진행될위험도는매우낮다. 그러나후자의경우는이형성을띤멜라닌모반세포가상피세포에과다증식한상태로, epithelioid cell이함께관찰되는경우악성흑색종으로진행될확률은 75%, pagetoid 침윤이동시에관찰되는경우는 90%, 이형성멜라닌모반세포가바닥막상피층에만국한된경우는 20% 의확률로악성흑색종으로이행된다. 19 본연구의원발성후천흑색종 8안은모두이형성이동반되지않은경우로멜라닌세포를면역형광으로특수염색하는 HMB 45 염색에양성을보이나핵과세포질비율의변화나핵소체의과다증식, 이형성은관찰되지않았다. 조직소견에서세포의이형성여부를판단하는것이예후에중요하므로, 병변의여러부분에서조직생검이이루어져야하며악성으로의이행가능성이높은경우는악성흑색종에준해수술적제거, 냉동치료, 국소항암치료를해야한다. 2 악성흑색종은원발성후천흑색종에서 75% 기원하며, 20% 에서는미리존재하던결막모반, 5% 내외에서는정상적인결막에서도발생하는것으로보고된다. 15,17,20 보통두께가두껍고크기가크며검회색또는갈색의단일종양으로확장된결막혈관을동반하여나타나지만, 멜라닌색소없이분홍색으로나타날수도있다. 발생위치는각막윤부가흔하고검결막과원개부에서나타나는데, 병변의크기가갑자기커지거나병변내모세혈관이존재하는경우악성으로진행하는빈도가높다. 21 본연구에서악성흑색종으로진단된 3안은이전연구에서보고된바와같이모두검은색을띤단일종양이었고결막모반과비교해평균직경이 2배이상컸다. 또한 3안모두검결막에위치하였다는점이동일하였다. 그러나병변내혈관동반여부는외형상확인할수없었다. 조직학적으로종양내낭포가없고핵과세포질의분포가일반적인것과는다르게큰핵과큰핵소체를가진풍부한세포질및가성봉입체를확인할수있다. 그러나일반적으로사용하는 H&E stain 만으로는멜라닌세포를특징적으로발견하기쉽지않기에확진을위해서는멜라닌색소를면역형광으로특징적으로염색하는 Fontana-Masson 염색법, S-100 protien 염색법, HMB 45 염색법이필요할수있다. 12,22 본연구의경우에서는활성화된멜라닌세포를 1696
7 - 장수경외 : 결막표면종양 - 관찰할수있는 HMB 45 염색에모두양성반응을보였다. 일반적으로결막의악성흑색종치료는첫째, 국한된악성흑색종일경우넓은각막윤부를포함하여종양의수술적제거와재발방지를위해종양의경계부와접한정상적인결막조직에 2-3열의냉동치료를같이한다. 냉동치료는멜라닌세포의증식을선택적으로억제하여재발을막는목적으로정상적인결막조직의경계부위에가능한비접촉기법을원칙으로하는데이는기구로종양자체를잡지않고종양과함께제거할정상조직을잡고제거하여종양세포의파급을막기위함이다. 23 둘째, 전이또는재발한경우, 수술적제거및냉동치료이외에마이토마이신 C를쓰거나방사선치료및항암치료를선택적으로할수있다. 또한수술적제거시결막결손이심할경우양막이식을함께해주기도한다. 24 악성흑색종은치료후에도재발과전이가상당히흔해서재발은 20-56% 정도, 전이는 20-45% 가 5년안에이루어진다. 이중 15-26% 정도가사망하는것으로알려져예후가좋지못하다. 6,7 따라서악성흑색종이의심될때에는다른부위의전이여부를확인하기위해귀앞쪽, 턱밑임파절촉지, 간효소, 두부자기공명영상등의검사를포함해내과적, 영상의학과적검사를반드시시행하여야한다. 25 최근에는안구에생기는악성흑색종의경우양성자나중입자인 carbon을이용한가속기치료가정상조직에미치는손상의영향이적어서안구를보존하거나시력을유지하면서치료할수있는장점이있기에안과의난치성종양치료에효과가있다는보고가있다. 26 결막표면의흑색세포종양은다양한임상양상을가지며정확한진단을위해서는절제생검을통한조직학적진단이필수적이다. 본연구에서는악성흑색종으로진단받은환자가 3명으로대상안의수가적은것이한계점이기는하지만, 임상양상을통해서각막을중심으로상측검결막에위치하면서병변의범위가넓고표면으로융기되는검은색의색소침착을보이는경우악성흑색종으로의심해볼수있었다. 악성흑색종의경우전이율와사망률이높기에특수염색법을이용하여조기진단및적극적인치료가필요하므로임상의사들의각별한주의가요망된다. REFERENCES 1) Shields JA, Shields CL. Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999: ) Othman IS. Ocular surface tumors. Oman J Ophthalmol 2009; 2: ) Shields CL, Shields JA. Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea. Surv Ophthalmol 2004;49: ) Kurli M, Finger PT. Melanocytic conjunctival tumors. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2005;18: ) Grossniklaus HE, Green WR, Luckenbach M, Chan CC. Conjunctival lesions in adults: a clinical and histopathologic review. Cornea 1987; 6: ) Chung YS, Kim CY, Yoon YD. A case of conjunctival melanoma. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2000;41: ) Folberg R, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE. Conjunctival melanosis and melanoma. Ophthalmology 1984;91: ) Rosenberg C, Finger PT. Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye, lids, and orbit. Surv Ophthalmol 2008;53: ) Folberg R, Jakobiec FA, Bernardino VB, Iwamoto T. Benign conjunctival melanocytic lesions: clinicopathologic features. Ophthalmology 1989;96: ) Shields CL, Fasiudden AF, Mashayekhi A, Shields JA. Conjunctival nevi: clinical features and natural course in 410 consecutive patients. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122: ) Zembowicz A, Mandal RV, Choopong P. Melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134: ) Sharara NA, Alexander RA, Luthert PJ, et al. Differential immunoreactivity of melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Histopathology 2001;39: ) Maly A, Epstein D, Meir K, Pe'er J. Histological criteria for grading of atypia in melanocytic conjunctival lesions. Pathology 2008; 40: ) Jeoung JW, Kim TI, Lee JH, et al. Argon laser ablation of conjunctival nevus. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2004;45: ) Park JJ, Jeong BJ, Seo HD, et al. Treatment of conjunctival nevus with argon laser. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2004;45: ) Sugiura M, Colby KA, Mihm MC Jr, Zembowicz A. Low-risk and high-risk histologic features in conjunctival primary acquired melanosis with atypia: clinicopathologic analysis of 29 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31: ) Jakobiec FA, Folberg R, Iwamoto T. Clinicopathologic characteristics of premalignant and malignant melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 1989;96: ) Jakobiec FA. The ultrastructure of conjunctival melanocytic tumors. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1984;82: ) Gloor P, Alexandrakis G. Clinical characterization of primary acquired melanosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995;36: ) Seregard S, Kock E. Conjunctival malignant melanoma in Sweden Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1992;70: ) Reese AB. Tumors of the Eye, 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1963; ) Moon JS, Lee JY, Chung SK, Yu YS. A conjunctival malignant melanoma involving the cornea. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1998; 39: ) Shields JA, Shields CL, De Potter P. Surgical management of conjunctival tumors: the 1994 Lynn B. McMahan Lecture. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115: ) Shields CL, Shields JA, Armstrong T. Management of conjunctival and corneal melanoma with surgical excision, amniotic membrane allograft, and topical chemotherapy. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132: ) Kim SY, Lee SB, Yang SW. A case of conjunctival malignant melanoma with extensive corneal displacement. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2005;46: ) Tsujii H, Mizoe J, Kamada T, et al. Clinical results of carbon ion radiotherapy at NIRS. J Radiat Res 2007;48 Suppl A:A
8 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 11 호 - = 국문초록 = 결막표면에융기된흑색세포종양의임상양상 목적 : 결막표면에융기된흑색세포종양의임상양상및특징에대하여알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 세극등현미경검사에서결막표면의융기된흑색세포종양으로, 절제생검을시행받은환자 33 명 ( 남자 16 명, 여자 17 명 ), 33 안의의무기록을후향적으로분석하였다. 결과 : 환자의종양이최종진단까지걸리는기간은 10 년이내가 76% 였으며, 10 년이상은 24% 로 15 년에서 50 년까지다양하였다. 절제생검결과는복합모반이 13 안 (40%), 상피하모반이 9 안 (27%), 이형성이동반되지않은원발성후천성흑색증 8 안 (24%), 그리고악성흑색종이 3 안 (9%) 이었다. 복합모반은각막이측에위치한경우가 54%, 구결막에위치한경우가 77% 로가장많았고 61% 가갈색의색소성변화를보였다. 병변의평균직경은 24 mm 로, 멜라닌모반세포가결막상피및상피하기칠층에복합적으로존재하였다. 상피하모반은각막이측 (56%), 구결막에위치 (78%) 한경우가많았고 78% 에서갈색을띠었다. 이병변의평균직경은 28 mm 였고, 멜라닌모반세포가상피하기질층에서만관찰되면서 nest shape 을형성하였다. 이형성이동반되지않은원발성후천성흑색종은각막비측 (62.5%), 구결막에위치 (75%) 하는경우가많았고갈색의색소성변화를보이는경우 (75%) 가가장많았다. 평균직경은 30 mm, 조직학적으로멜라닌모반세포가상피층바닥막에국한되어있었다. 악성흑색종은 3 안으로모두각막상측의검결막에위치하였고, 검은색소성변화가있으면서, 평균직경이 53 mm 로조직소견상암세포가결막및결체조직의전층에분포하였다. 결론 : 결막표면의흑색세포종양이검결막에위치하면서병변의범위가넓고표면으로융기되는검은색의색소침착을보이는경우악성흑색종으로의심되기에조기에생검및적극적인절제술이필요할것으로생각된다. < 대한안과학회지 2016;57(11): > 1698
김범수
Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis
More information(49-54)Kjhps004.hwp
Biliary Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma of the Liver Jae Hoon Lee, M.D., Dong Ho Choi, M.D. 1, Kyeong Geun Lee, M.D., Hwon Kyum Park M.D. and Kwang Soo Lee, M.D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine,
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationA 617
Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R
More information04조남훈
Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache
More information(
317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information388 The Korean Journal of Hepatology : Vol. 6. No COMMENT 1. (dysplastic nodule) (adenomatous hyperplasia, AH), (macroregenerative nodule, MR
6 3 2000 ; 387-392 (3) Dysplastic Nodule Young Nyun Park, M.D., Chanil Park, M.D. Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine BRIEF HISTORY 56. AST/ALT 72/73 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.7
More information노영남
Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding
More informationJksvs019(8-15).hwp
Grade I Grade II Grade III 12 대한혈관외과학회지 : 제 20 권 제 1 호 2004 Control Group A Group B Fig. 4. Microscopic findings of vein wall in control, group A and group B on the day of 7 after venous occlusion. The
More informationJkbcs016(92-97).hwp
Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More information02-AOCL hwp
검안및콘택트렌즈학회지 2019 년제 18 권제 2 호 Ann Optom Contact Lens 2019;18(2):41-45 ISSN 2384-0919 (Print) ISSN 2384-0927 (Online) Original Article 안쪽눈꺼풀테종양과눈물점주위종양의임상양상비교 The Clinical Features of the Tumor on the Lid
More informationKaes017.hwp
갑상선의 Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma Insular Carcinoma: An Aggressive Subtype of Differentiated Thyroid Neoplasms Seok-Jin Nam, M.D., Sang-Dal Lee, M.D., Hal-lin Park, M.D., Young-Ryun Oh, M.D.
More information<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More informationECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of
More information120304강신용
Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors Influencing Long-term Survival in pt2 Gallbladder Carcinoma Patients Purpose: The prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is unfavorable, and the depth of invasion,
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information( )Kjhps043.hwp
Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,
More informationJkbcs032.hwp
Clinical Correlation of HER-2/neu Overexpression in Patients with Breast Cancer Sung Yong Kim, Tae Yoon Kim, Jae Jun Kim, Chang Ho Kim, Ok Pyung Song, Min Hyuk Lee, Eui Han Kim 1, and Moo Sik Cho Departments
More information( )Jkstro011.hwp
비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy
More information김범수
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumers of the alimentary tract, and these tumors arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. Duodenal GISTs comprise 4-5% of all GISTs. In this article, we
More information( )Jksc057.hwp
직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information연하곤란
2015.03.04 부울경소화기내시경지회 Intramucosal gastric cancer: The rate of lymph node metastasis in signet ring cell carcinoma was as low as that in welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma 인제대부산백병원 소화기내과 지삼룡 Signet ring
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More informationKjtcs324( ).hwp
과오종과유사한폐상피모양혈관내피종 -1 예보고 - Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Mimicking Hamartoma -A case report- Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, originating from the vascular endothelium, is a very rare and
More informationKaes010.hwp
갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More informationJkss hwp
급성복증을보이는감염성요막관기형 Infected Urachal Remnants with Symtoms of the Acute Abdomen: The Differential Diagnosis & Proper Management Jan Dy Lee, M.D., Chee Young Lim, M.D. 1, Hyoung Il Kim, M.D. 1, Chul Woon Chung,
More information<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>
大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic
More information<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>
J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2
More information(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228
(JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method
More informationTrd022.hwp
김신태, 이선녕, 이석정, 정필문, 박홍준, 신명상, 김종환, 이부길, 김상하, 리원연, 신계철, 용석중 Shin-Tae Kim, M.D., Shun Nyung Lee, M.D., Seok Jeong Lee, M.D., Pil Moon Jung, M.D., Hong Jun Park, M.D., Myung Sang Shin, M.D., Chong Whan Kim,
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More informationVery low-risk Low-risk Intermediate-risk High-risk Appendiceal mucinous tumours Mucinous adenoma Mucinou
I. Workshop 결과에대한설문조사결과 A. 종양의행태 (behavior) 코드부여에이견이있는소화기계암에대한설문조사결과 Organ or Subject Stomach Colon Diagnosis 응답자수 ( 총 240 명 ) Low grade adenoma/dysplasia 230 10 0 1 2 3 6 무응답 High grade adenoma/dysplasia
More information2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )
Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information내시경 conference
부울경소화기내시경학회 6월집담회 고신대학교복음병원소화기내과전임의서광일 F/63 CASE C.C) epigastric pain for 2 wks P. I) 2014.04.16 EGD at LMC adm via OPD for further evaluation. P. Hx) CASE HTN/DM/Hepatitis/Tbc (+/+/-/-) S. Hx) N-S ROS)
More information<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770>
2형 오브스캔 각막지형도를 이용한 원추각막과 원추각막의증의 각막형태비교 1599 1600 Figure 1. The map of Orbscan II topography in keratoconus. The parameters including central corneal power, anterior and posterior elevation from BFS and
More information자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr
Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More information( )Kju225.hwp
비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin
More information005송영일
Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationSPCP.PDF
1-1 1-2 1 1 ( ) ( ) (,, ) (,,, ), 1 ( ), ( ) ( ) 30, 30 1, +1%, 1 2 1 15 ( ) 1,, 1 3, ( ), 1 ( 210 ) 3 2, 4 9(1 ) 5 5 1 2 3, 4 5 ( ) 6 1 1 14, 21( ) 1 15 6, 21 ( ) 1 7 ( 7 )1 ( 1 ) 8 1 6 6 1, 2 ( ) 9 1
More information227-233Â÷¼øÁÖ
227 228 Table 1. The Results of PSNR (db) for Various Compression Rate Modality Case 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1 80:1 MR 9 71.68 2.37 60.54 2.51 52.85 2.53 48.54 2.29 44.09 2.47 CT 9 51.90 1.67 63.70 2.02 57.32
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,
More information<31372D31372D C0AFC0CEC3B52DB9DABFB5B8ED E687770>
대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(8):998-1002 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.8.998 Case Report 점안인터페론 lpha-2b 로재발을억제한재발점액종성각막변성
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More informationºÎÁ¤¸ÆV10N³»Áö
case of brugada syndrome presented as chest pain STRCT rugada syndrome was described in 1992 as a new clinical entity characterized by electrocardiographic STsegment elevation in the right precordial leads
More information<30352EB0A3BAB4B8AE2E687770>
The Korean Journal of Hepatology 2007 ; 13 : 571-575 DOI: 10.3350/kjhep.2007.13.4.571 이번 호의 간 병리(32) 혼합 간세포-담관세포암종 순천향대학교병원 병리과 진윤미 진소영 Combined Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma Yoon-Mi Jeen, M.D. and
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More information135 Jeong Ji-yeon 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 머리말 협저불상( 夾 紵 佛 像 )이라는 것은 불상을 제작하는 기법의 하나로써 삼베( 麻 ), 모시( 苧 ), 갈포( 葛 ) 등의 인피섬유( 靭 皮 纖 維 )와 칠( 漆 )을 주된 재료
MUNHWAJAE Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies Vol. 47. No. 1, March 2014, pp.134~151. Copyright 2014, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage 심향사 극락전 협저 아미타불의 제작기법에 관한 연구 정지연 a 明 珍 素 也
More informationKIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소
1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지
More information<31372D30352D313628C7CFB8EDBCF72DC7D1B1D4C1F E687770>
대한안과학회지 2015 년제 56 권제 2 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(2):270-274 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.2.270 Case Report 결막신경종에의해조기진단된다발성내분비종양 1 예 Multiple
More information제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou
제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More information09-감마선(dh)
Journal of Radiation Industry 4 (3) : 253~257 (2010) Review Paper 감마선 조사가 포인세티아의 발근, 생육 및 색상변이에 미치는 영향 이은경* 김원희 김성태 강시용 1 국립원예특작과학원, 1 한국원자력연구원 Rooting, Growth, and Color Mutation of Poinsettias Affected
More information< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>
Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(
More information7.ƯÁýb71ÎÀ¯È« š
J KMA Special Issue Myelodysplastic Syndrome June Won Cheong, MD Yoo Hong Min, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine E mail : jwcheong70@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr minbrmmd@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More information16(2)-7(p ).fm
w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and
More information232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특
한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province
More informationCase Report Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(1):47-51 / pissn / eissn
Case Report Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(1):47-51 / pissn 2092-5859 / eissn 2092-6529 https://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2016.16635 A Case of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans was Misdiagnosed
More informationγ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More information07-1960(JH)
한국두피모발미용학회지 제5권 제1호 2009 The Journal of Beauty & Trichology 5(1), 00~00(2008) 1960년대 뷰티 및 패션트렌드 분석 - 모델 트위기 (Twiggy) 를 중심으로 - 김희선* 안양과학대학 뷰티디자인학부 Analysis of Beauty and Fashion trends in the 1960 s - Focusing
More informationÆ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š
Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding
More information<BAB8C7E8B0A1C0D4BEC8B3BBBCAD28C0CEC3B5B1B3C0B0C3BB292D323031362E687770>
본 안내서은 참고용이며 세부사항은 약관 및 계약내용을 따릅니다. (1) 퇴직 또는 전출 시 : 보험기간 개시일부터 퇴직 또는 전출하는 날까지를 보상 (퇴직 또는 전출하는 날로 보험기간 종료) (2) 신입/전입 시 : 신입 또는 전입하는 날부터 보험기간 종료일까지를 보상(재직중) (3) 보험금 청구소멸시효 : 보험사고 발생일로부터 3년 이내 청구(상법 제 662조)
More informationYI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w
497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병
More information2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285
13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914
More informationInvestment Proposal
SonoEye TM 소개 유방초음파영상검색시스템 2005. 2. 캐드임팩트 www.cadimpact.com 내용 1. 유방암동향및진단 2. 제품소개 2 선진국시장에서상업화된 CAD 시스템들 R2 Mammography ( 유방암 ) 1,500 systems until 2004. 10. (about 200,000$) icad Mammography R2 & icad
More information서울중앙지방법원 제 15 민사부 판 결 사 건 2011가합13192 손해배상 ( 의 ) 원 고 1. 김형 2. 김지 3. 김황 원고들소송대리인법무법인지평지성담당변호사김성수 피 고 학교법인 학원소송대리인변호사전병남 변론종결 판결선고
서울중앙지방법원 제 15 민사부 판 결 사 건 2011가합13192 손해배상 ( 의 ) 원 고 1. 김형 2. 김지 3. 김황 원고들소송대리인법무법인지평지성담당변호사김성수 피 고 학교법인 학원소송대리인변호사전병남 변론종결 2012. 5. 18. 판결선고 2012. 6. 13. 주 문 1. 피고는원고김형 에게 10,839,047원, 원고김지, 김황 에게각 6,326,031원및위각돈에대하여
More informationCan032.hwp
Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory
More informationContents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작! MH연세병원에서 만날 수 있습니다. 주요센터 소개 14 치과 소개 32 의료장비 소개 34 편의시설 38
www.mysh.co.kr 경남 창원시 마산합포구 3.15대로 76 (월남동2가): 055. 243. 0100 진료시간 안내 평일 09:00~18:00 / 토요일 09:00~13:00 응급실 24시간 진료 055.240.7777~8 Contents 이사장 인사말 04 병원장 인사말 05 연혁 06 진료과 소개 08 젊고 건강한 삶을 되찾기 위한 새로운 시작!
More information13 증례 KJM hwp
대한내과학회지 : 제 94 권제 1 호 2019 https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2019.94.1.124 신경내분비종양과유사하게보인간과췌장에발생한악성흑색종 울산대학교의과대학서울아산병원 1 내과, 2 병리학과 노진희 1 ㆍ황인환 1 ㆍ박정하 1 ㆍ임지혜 1 ㆍ채윤 2 ㆍ홍승모 2 ㆍ김명환 1 Malignant Melanoma of the Pancreas
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More informationKjhps016( ).hwp
Surgical Extent and Types in Pancreatic Cancer Song Cheol Kim, M.D. Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Pancreatic cancer continues to pose a
More informationIL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) IL-1β, IL-1RN, IL-8, MUC, NAT, GST 등 ) l l l α β α β β α β β α β 목적 (Background/Aims): 위암의가족력과 Helicobacter pylori 감염은각각위암발생의위험인자로알려져있으나,
More information1. 2. 2 1. 2 2. 2 3. 3. 3 3 1. 3 2. 3 3. 4. 4 1. : 4 2. : (KSVD) 4 3. : 88 5. 36
, 1965 1994: 3 1965 (Konstfackskolan). 1996. (, 2004) :, (, 2010), 20 (, 2005), :,, (, 2005), 02: (, 2008), (KDF, 2009), (, 2011), (, 2011). ( _, 2011 3 ), : ( 前 史 ) (, 102, 2012). 35 1. 2. 2 1. 2 2. 2
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences
More information<30382EC0C7C7D0B0ADC1C22E687770>
대한내과학회지: 제 76 권 제 2 호 2009 의학강좌-개원의를 위한 모범처방(Current Clinical Practice) 간기능검사의 이해와 적용 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 내과학교실 김 경 아 Understanding and application of liver function tests Kyung-Ah Kim, M.D. Department of
More information00Àâ¹°
ISSN 1598-5881 REVIEW c o n t e n t s REVIEW 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 REVIEW 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 REVIEW 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
More information00Àâ¹°
ISSN 1598-5881 REVIEW c o n t e n t s REVIEW 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 REVIEW 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 REVIEW 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
More information