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1 대한소아소화기영양학회지 : 제 2 권제 2 호 2009 위장관 소아에서발생한대장의염증성질환에서 E-cadherin 의발현 부산성모병원소아청소년과, 부산대학교의과대학 * 병리학교실, 소아과학교실 이나영ㆍ박도윤 * ㆍ박재홍 E-cadherin Expression in Colonic Epithelium of Various Colitis in Children Na Young Lee, M.D., Do Youn Park, M.D.* and Jae Hong Park, M.D. Department of Pediatrics, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Departments of *Pathology and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea Purpose: Colitis is a condition associated with a spectrum of altered morphologic changes and cellular adhesion. E-cadherin plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue structure and cell-cell adhesion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate E-cadherin expression in colonic epithelium of various colitis in children. Methods: The expressions of E-cadherin were examined in 39 cases of colonic mucosal biopsy specimen using immunohistochemical staining. When more than 50 percent of cells exhibited uniformly the same intensity and pattern of immunostaining as the adjacent normal mucosa, the antigen expression was considered normal. Abnormal expression was defined when less than 50 percent of cells stained, when cells showed a heterogeneously weak or altered distribution, or when complete absence of staining was observed. Results: Fifteen cases with non-specific colitis (3.5%), 7 cases of with Crohn's disease (7.9%), 5 cases of infectious colitis and milk protein sensitive proctocolitis (2.%), 3 cases of ulcerative colitis (7.7%), 2 cases of Henoch-Schönlein purpura colitis (5.%), one case of Behcet's disease and ischemic colitis (2.6%) were included in this study. E-cadherin expression was decreased in all kinds of colitis. Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 77 percent of cases. E-cadherin was weaker or no expression in reparative epithelium and ulcer associated cell lineage. Conclusion: Altered expression of E-cadherin occurs during mucosal inflammation in any kinds of colitis. These changes may be involved in promoting cell migration during epithelial restitution of the gastrointestinal mucosa. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 2: 77 2) Key Words: E-cadherin, Colitis, Children 접수 :2009 년 월 2 일, 승인 :2009 년 9 월 2 일책임저자 : 박재홍, , 경남양산시물금면범어리, 부산대학교어린이병원소아청소년과 Tel: , Fax: , jhongpark@pusan.ac.kr 77
2 7 ㆍ대한소아소화기영양학회지 : 제 2 권제 2 호 2009 서론세포접합기전은배아발달, 조직과기관의형태결정, 그리고정상조직구조를유지하는데매우중요한역할을한다. 상피세포에서세포간접합은 E (epithelial)- cadherin에의해매개되는데, E-cadherin은 20 kd 크기의분자로세포외및세포질영역을가진경막당단백의하나이다. 이분자는모든정상상피세포의 zonula adherens junction에주로위치한다. N 말단부는세포접합에관여하고 C 말단부는 catenin으로알려진여러분자들을거쳐세포골격과연결된다 ). E-cadherin은동종세포를부착시켜상피의구조를유지하는데중요한성분으로세포와세포사이에서접착제구실만하는것이아니라, 세포간의상호작용을매개하여조직의구조형성과유지에중요한역할을한다 2). 따라서 E-cadherin의발현소실은상피세포의조직변이를유발하여세포간결합기능의결함을초래한다 3). 암조직에서 E-cadherin의발현감소는암의침투와전이와밀접한관계가있음이밝혀졌으나 ), 염증질환에서의역할에대해서는많은연구가진행중이다. 점막염증에반응하여음와상피세포의증식과융모위축등의기능적및형태학적변화가장상피세포에서일어나며, 염증성대장질환들은장관의만성염증, 상피조직의손상, 점막의궤양, 상피조직의회복이다양하게반복되어나타나며방어기전에도변화가나타난다 ). 이러한과정중에세포와세포간의결합을담당하고있는 E-cadherin과연관된단백들의변화가발생할것으로추측할수있다. 크론병의침범된회장상피세포에서치밀이음부 (tight junction) 의완전소실또는형태변화가보고 5) 된바있는데, 이것은장염증상태에서 E-cadherin 발현의보상성변화가일어날수있음을시사한다. 염증성장질환에서 E-cadherin의발현에대한다른연구 6) 에서활동성궤양성대장염의전예와활동성크론병의절반에서궤양변연부의 E-cadherin 발현이소실되었음을보고하였다. 또한 E-cadherin 발현과질병의활성도사이에상관관계가있음을밝혔다. 염증성대장질환에서 E-cadherin 발현에어떠한변화가나타나는지에대한연구는주로크론병이나궤양 성대장염에국한되어이루어졌다 5 ). 그러나다른원인의대장염에서도상피세포조직의변이가나타나기때문에 E-cadherin의발현에변화가있으리라추측할수있다. 국내에서는성인을대상으로위궤양에서 E-cadherin과 β-catenin의발현율이 62%, 6% 로현저히감소한다는보고가있으나 9), 소아에서여러원인의대장염을대상으로 E-cadherin의발현에대한연구를한것은국내외에서거의없는실정이다. 이에저자들은소아에서발생한대장의염증성질환들에서상피세포에서 E-cadherin의발현에어떠한변화가있는지를살펴보았다. 대상및방법. 대상 99년 월부터 2003년 월까지부산대학교병원소아청소년과에서대장내시경술과대장점막조직검사를통해대장염으로진단된 39명을대상으로하였다. 대장내시경술은 Olympus PCF-20-I를이용하였고, 전처치제로 midazolam, demerol, propofol, ketamine을병용하였다. 크론병과궤양성대장염의진단은임상적, 내시경적, 방사선학적, 병리학적소견을종합하여일본후생성의 Research Committee of Inflammatory Bowel Disease에서제정한진단기준에합당한경우로하였다 0). 베체트장염은전신베체트병이있으며전형적인장궤양이증명되면진단하였다 ). 감염성장염은임상증상, 조직및혈액배양검사를통해원인이확인된경우로하였으며, 허혈성장염과 Henoch-Schönlein purpura 대장염, 음식단백과민성직장대장염은임상증상및내시경적소견으로진단하였다. 2. 면역조직화학적염색 E-cadherin 단백의세포내발현을보기위하여면역조직화학염색을시행하였다. 항원을얻기위해조직파라핀블록을 μm 두께로박절한후탈파라핀과함수과정을거쳐수세후, 항원의발현성을높이기위해 citric acid buffer에 0분간담가 microwave-oven에서가열하는 heat induced epitope retrieval method를이용하였으며, endogenous peroxidase 활성을차단하였다. 그
3 이나영 외 E-cadherin Expression in Colitis of Children ㆍ79 후의 과정은 labelled streptavidin biotin kit를 이용하여 명(20.5%)으로 평균 나이는 5.33세였다(Table ). 통상의 avidin-biotin complex (ABC법)에 따라 실시하여 내원 시 주 증상은 혈변 27예(69.2%), 복통 3예 Mayer hematoxylin으로 대조염색을 실시하였다. 항체 (35.9%), 설사 9예(23.%), 발열 5예(2.%), 구토 예 는 생쥐의 monoclonal anti-human E-cadherin antibody (2.6%)였다. 진단은 비특이성 장염 5예(3.5%), 크론병 (Zymed, USA)를 사용하였다. 7예(%), 감염성 장염과 식이 단백 과민성 직결장염 한 명의 병리학자에 의해 염색의 정도를 모두 판정 각각 5예(2.%), 궤양성 대장염 3예(7.7%), Henoch- 하였다. 염색 조직을 광학현미경으로 관찰하였으며 주 Schönlein purpura 대장염 2예(5.%), Behcet병과 허혈성 변의 정상 조직과 비교하여 E-cadherin의 발현이 동일 대장염이 각각 예였다. 한 강도와 양상을 가진 세포가 50% 이상인 경우를 정 상으로 판정하였고, 발현이 정상인 세포가 50% 미만이 거나 염색의 분포에 이상이 있거나 전혀 염색되지 않은 경우를 이상 발현으로 판정하였다. 2. E-cadherin의 면역화학 발현 양상 E-cadherin 발현 양상은 39예 중 정상 발현이 9예 (23.%), 발현 감소가 30예(76.9%)였다. 모든 대장염의 상피세포에서 E-cadherin 발현이 전반적으로 감소되었 결 는데, 특히 염증이 심한 부위에서 발현 감소가 현저하 과 였다. 각 질환별 E-cadherin의 발현 감소는 비특이성 대. 대상 환자군 39명 중 남녀 비는 이었고, 세 미만이 7명(.0%), 5세 6명(.0%), 6 0세 명(20.5%), 세 이상이 Table. Age and Sex Distribution of Patients Age (yr) Male Female Total 9 20 Total (%) 7 6 (.0) (.0) (20.5) (20.5) 39 (00.0) Mean age: 5.33 years (2 months 5 years). Fig.. Immunoreactivity for E-cadherin showing normal membranous staining (Original magnification, 200). Table 2. E-cadherin Immunoreactivity in Inflamed Colonic Mucosa No. of E-cadherin expression cases Preserved Reduced Non-specific colitis Crohn's disease Infectious colitis Milk protein sensitive proctocolitis Ulcerative colitis Henoch-schölein purpura Behcet's disease Ischemic colitis Total Fig. 2. Immunoreactivity for E-cadherin showing loss of membranous E-cadherin immunoreactivity (Original magnification, 00).
4 0 ㆍ대한소아소화기영양학회지 : 제 2 권제 2 호 2009 장염 5예중 예 (73.3%), 크론병 7예중 6예 (5.7%), 감염성대장염과음식단백과민성직결장각각 5예중 예 (0.0%), 궤양성대장염 3예중 2예 (66.7%), Henoch- Schönlein purpura 대장염 2예중 예 (50.0%), 베체트장염과허혈성대장염 2예모두 (00.0%) 에서관찰되었다 (Table 2). 크론병, 궤양성대장염및베체트장염등만성염증성장질환에서는병변부에서떨어진상피세포에서는정상발현을, 궤양주위나재생상피가있는부위는심한발현감소를보였다 (Fig., 2). 고찰본연구에서는비특이성대장염, 크론병, 감염성대장염, 음식단백과민성직결장염, 궤양성대장염, Henoch-Schönlein purpura 대장염, 베체트병, 허혈성대장염등소아에서볼수있는다양한원인의대장염이포함되었으며, 조직샘플중 76.9% 에서원인에관계없이상피세포에서의 E-cadherin 발현감소가있었다. 활동성염증이심한부위에서발현감소가현저하였으며, 크론병, 궤양성대장염및베체트장염등만성염증성장질환에서는병변부에서떨어진상피세포에서는정상발현을, 궤양주위나재생상피가있는부위는심한발현감소를보였다. 이러한변화는만성염증성장질환에서의 E-cadherin 변화에대한다른보고와동일한결과를보였다. 크론병과궤양성대장염, 급성회장염등염증질환에서 E-cadherin-catenim 복합체의발현에대한연구보고 ) 를보면, 활동성염증이동반된정상부위의점막상피세포에서는복합체의발현이증가하고특히궤양인접부의상피세포는발현이증가된반면궤양부위의세포에서는발현이없거나감소하였다. 또한국소염증에서는침범된부위에서발현이증가하였고, 상피세포가탈락된부위의재생상피에서는발현이감소되어있음을관찰하였다. 이것은장염증상태에서 E-cadherin 발현의보상성변화가일어날수있음을시사하며, 발현감소는세포의이동을원활하게하여상피세포손상을대치하고발현증가는상피세포의안정성을향상시키는역할을할것으로추정되고있다 2). 즉 E-cadherin 의기능적또는구조적변화는세포간접합을상실케하므로염증상태에서상피세포는정상구조를유지하 기위해 E-cadherin 발현을증가시키고재생상피와궤양부위세포에서는이들세포의이동을용이하게하기위해발현이감소된것으로보고있다 2). 장상피세포는 Lieberkuhn's crypts의 multipotential stem cell의분화, crypt-villus axis에서의세포이동, 세포분열, 분화, 세포사멸, luminal shedding들이연속적으로일어나는빠른전환이특징이다. 이러한일련의과정에있어서다양한세포부착물질들에의한세포와세포의상호작용은세포의기능및분화에아주중요한역할을한다 3). 현재세포부착물질은 00가지이상이밝혀져있으며이중정상장관상피조직의구성과기능을발전시키고유지시키는세포세포간결합과세포 substratum 간의결합에있어중심적인역할을하는것이 E-cadherin과연결단백인 integrin이다 ). E-cadherin 은 cadherin 단백군의한종류인당단백으로주로상피조직의세포표면에서 Ca ++ 의존성방식으로세포와세포의결합에관여하며, 배형성, 염증조직에서세포의이동, 세포의분화및미분화등과밀접한관련이있다 5,6). 염증성대장질환은형태학적변화와더불어세포접합에생기는다양한변화와관련된질환이다. E- cadherin의변화가종양세포의침윤성증가와발암, 진행, 전이에관여한다고알려진악성종양과는상대적으로염증성대장질환에서의 E-cadherin의역할및발현의변화에대해서는알려진바가적다 7,). 정상상피세포에서 E-cadherin의발현은점막을따라균일하게연결되어있는모습을보이나본연구에서와같이궤양의바닥에위치한세포들에서는 E-cadherin의발현이감소되어있거나나타나지않고세포간의결합도감소된다. 이러한 E-cadherin의변화는세포간의부착능을감소시켜서이동을용이하게하여상피세포의재생을돕기위한것이며, 궤양의치유시기에따라점차적으로 E-cadherin의발현이정상상피세포수준으로회복된다는보고도있다 7). 반면에장관내급성염증이있는경우에는 E-cadherin-catenin 결합체의발현이증가되며, 특히궤양에인접한상피세포에서는그발현변화의정도가현저하다고하였다 ). 급성염증시의이러한변화는염증반응이일어나는동안상피세포의장벽을유지하기위한것으로생각되고있다 9). 결론적으로본연구를통해다양한원인에의해발
5 이나영외 :E-cadherin Expression in Colitis of Children ㆍ 생하는대장의염증성질환에서활동성염증반응과 E-cadherin의발현감소는연관이있을것으로판단되며, 향후더많은연구를통해 E-cadherin 발현의변화에관련된여러요소들과기전을밝힘으로써염증성위장관질환의치료에도움을줄수있으리라기대한다. 요약목적 : 소아에서다양한원인에의해발생한대장염에서점막의형태학적변화와세포접합에다양한변화가있으리라예상되어세포간의결합을유지하는 E-cadherin의변화를살펴보았다. 방법 : 99년 월부터 2003년 월까지부산대학교병원소아청소년과에서하부위장관내시경술과대장점막조직검사를통해대장염으로진단된 39명을대상으로하였다. 파라핀블록에서면역조직화학염색법을이용하여 E-cadherin의세포내발현을조사하였다. 주변의정상조직과비교하여 E-cadherin의발현이동일한강도와양상을가진세포가 50% 이상인경우를정상으로판정하였고, 발현이정상인세포가 50% 미만이거나염색분포의이상이있거나전혀염색되지않은경우를이상으로판정하였다. 결과 : ) 본연구에서비특이성대장염 5예 (3.5%), 크론병 7예 (7.9%), 감염성대장염 5예 (2.%), 음식단백과민성직결장염 5예 (2.%), 궤양성대장염 3예 (7.7%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura 대장염 2예 (5.%), 그외베체트병, 허혈성대장염 예가포함되었다. 2) 모든종류의대장염에서상피세포 E-cadherin 발현감소가관찰되었으며, 77% 의대상표본에서 E-cadherin 발현감소가있었다. 3) 활동성염증이심한부위에서 E- cadherin 발현감소가현저하였으며병변부에서떨어진상피세포에서는정상발현을, 궤양주위나재생상피가있는부위는심한발현감소를보였다. 결론 : 모든종류의염증성대장질환에서 E-cadherin 발현감소가있었다. 이러한변화는염증과궤양이있는부위에서상피세포접합을느슨하게함으로써상피세포의재생을위한세포의이동을용이하게하기위한작용이라고판단된다. 참고문헌 ) Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science 99;25:5-5. 2) Damsky CH, Richa J, Solter D, Knudsen K, Buck CA. Identification and purification of a cell surface glycoprotein mediating intercellular adhesion in embryonic and adult tissue. Cell 93;3: ) Blok P, Craanen ME, Dekker W, Tytgat GN. Loss of E-cadherin expression in early gastric cancer. Histopathology 999;3:0-5. ) Kucharzik T, Walsh SV, Chen J, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Neutrophil transmigration in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins. Am J Pathol 200;59: ) Marin ML, Greenstein AJ, Geller SA, Gordon RE, Aufses AH Jr. A freeze fracture study of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum: changes in epithelial tight junction organization. Am J Gastroenterol 93;7: ) Karayiannakis AJ, Syrigos KN, Efstathiou J, Valizadeh A, Noda M, Playford RJ, et al. Expression of catenins and E-cadherin during epithelial restitution in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol 99;5:3-. 7) Hanby AM, Chinery R, Poulsom R, Playford RJ, Pignatelli M. Downregulation of E-cadherin in the reparative epithelium of the human gastrointestinal tract. Am J Pathol 996;: )Demetter P, De Vos M, Van Damme N, Baeten D, Elewaut D, Vermeulen S, et al. Focal up-regulation of E-cadherin-catenin complex in inflamed bowel mucosa but reduced expression in ulcer-associated cell lineage. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;: ) 문성배, 김재광, 최황, 이봉수, 안병민, 정규원등. 위선암, 위선종및위궤양에서 E-cadherin 과 β-catenin 의발현. 대한소화기학회지 999;3: ) Yao T, Matsui T, Hiwatashi N. Crohn's disease in Japan: diagnostic criteria and epidemiology. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;3(0 Suppl):5S-93S. ) Cheon JH, Shin SJ, Kim SW, Lee KM, Kim JS, Kim WH. Diagnosis of intestinal Behcet's disease. Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;53: ) Dogan A, Wang ZD, Spencer J. E-cadherin expression in intestinal epithelium. J Clin Pathol 995;:3-6. 3) Pignatelli M, Vessey CJ. Adhesion molecules: novel molecular tools in tumor pathology. Hum pathol 99;25: 9-56.
6 2 ㆍ대한소아소화기영양학회지 : 제 2 권제 2 호 2009 ) Zbar AP, Simopoulos C, Karayiannakis AJ. Cadherins: an integral role in inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal restitution. J Gastroenterol 200;39:3-2. 5) Takeichi M. The cadherin cell adhesion receptor family: roles in multicellular organization and neurogenesis. Prog Clin Biol Res 99;390: ) Gumbiner BM. Cell adhesion: the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell 996;: ) Nigam AK, Savage FJ, Boulos PB, Stamp GW, Liu D, Pignatelli M. Loss of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 993;6:507-. ) Pignatelli M, Ansari TW, Gunter P, Liu D, Hirano S, Takeichi M, et al. Loss of membranous E-cadherin expression in pancreatic cancer: correlation with lymph node metastasis. high grade and advanced stage. J pathol 99;7:23-. 9) MacDonald TT, Horton MA, Choy MY, Richman PI. Increased expression of laminin/collagen receptor (VLA- ) on epithelium of inflamed human intestine. J Clin Pathol 990;3:33-5.
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