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pissn 1229-1153 / eissn 2465-9223 J. Food Hyg. Saf. Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 340~347 (2019) https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2019.34.4.340 Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety Available online at http://www.

1 pissn / eissn J. Food Hyg. Saf. Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 340~347 (2019) Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety Available online at 건조농산물의잔류농약안전성조사 이효경 * 오문석 정진아 김기유 이성봉 김한택 강향리 손지희 이윤미이미경 이병훈 김지원 박용배경기도보건환경연구원수원농수산물검사소 A Safety Survey on Pesticide Residues in Dried Agricultural Products Hyo-Kyung Lee*, Moon-Seog Oh, Jin-A Jeong, Ki-Yu Kim, Seong-Bong Lee, Han-Taek Kim, Hyang-Ri Kang, Ji-Hee Son, Yun-Mi Lee, Mi-Kyoung Lee, Byoung-Hoon Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Yong-Bae Park Suwon Agricultural and Fishery Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi-do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Korea (Received May 1, 2019/Revised June 26, 2019/Accepted August 2, 2019) ABSTRACT - We performed a safety survey on residual pesticides in dried agricultural products. A total of 110 samples of dried agricultural products distributed in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed for 263 pesticides according to multi class pesiticide multiresidue method. Ten types of pesticides were detected in 10 samples. Chlorpyrifos was detected in Ricinus communis leaves, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pyridalyl in Chwinamul (wild aster), diniconazole, isoprothiolane, lufenuron in radish leaves, hexaconazole in Cirsium setidens (Korean thistle), bifenthrin, and chlorothalonil, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin in pepper leaves. The detection rate of pesticides was 9.1%, and among these samples, one was detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). In the validation study, the values of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and recovery were in the range of 0.002~0.027 mg/kg, 0.006~0.083 mg/kg, ~ and 74.8~118.9%, respectively. The Positive List System (PLS) was newly introduced as part of the safety management of residual pesticide in agricultural products in Korea in With the application of the PLS, if the MRL is not established, 0.01 mg/kg limit is applied uniformly. In spite, these of strengthened residue limits, the MRLs of dried agricultural products are still insufficient. Therefore, this study could be utilized as basic data for the setting of proper MRLs. Key words : Dried agricultural products, chlorpyrifos, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) 우리사회는 1인가구, 맞벌이가구, 노령인구증가로인해식생활패턴이변화하고있으며소비자들은편의성이좋은식품을선호하고있다. 사회적트렌드에맞게가정간편식 (home meal replacement, HMR) 제품이다양하게출시되고있고, 농산물을이용한제품의경우맛과영양이우수해수요가높은상황이다. 가공식품중건조과채류를포함한원물간식매출은 2014년 3,826억원에서 2016 년 5,367억원으로 40% 가량빠르게성장했으며, 건조농 1) 산물메뉴가다양하게선보여지고있다. 가정간편식과가공식품시장이급격하게성장하면서부재료로이용되는 *Correspondence to: Hyo-Kyung Lee, Suwon Agricultural and Fishery Products Inspection Center, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 16561, Korea Tel: , Fax: hklee27@gg.go.kr 건조농산물시장도꾸준히성장할것으로예상된다. 2) 건조농산물은우리나라사람들이오래전부터특유한향미와질감을바탕으로다양하게조리해온식품이며보관 3) 성이좋고장기간유통이가능하여 4계절내내섭취할수있는장점이있다. 한국농수산식품유통공사에서실시한설문조사에따르면소비자들은건조채소를구입할때원산 4) 지를가장많이고려하는것으로나타났고, 인증획득여부와안전성검사여부도약 30% 로중요하게생각하고있다. 수요증가에따라건조농산물의안전성문제가대두되고있으며관심의대상이되고있다. 5) 우리나라에서는농산물의유해물질관리를위해농약잔류허용기준 (Maximum Residue Limit, MRL) 이설정되어있다. 그러나농약잔류허용기준은대부분신선농산물에대하여설정되어있고, 건조농산물의경우일부항목에한해서만정해져있다. 기준이설정되지않은항목은원재료 340

2 A safety survey on Pesticide Residues in Pried Agricultural Products 341 의기준에수분함량을보정한잠정기준이적용된다. 일반적으로세계각국및 Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) 에서도대부분원료상태의식품에대하여기준을설정하여관리하고있는데, 원료농산물에잔류된농약은가공되면서대부분의농약이감소되지만건조나농축과정중에는오히려증가되는경우도있기때문에유해성 6,7) 에대한연구를지속적으로해야할필요가있다. 우리나라의경우가공식품의잔류허용기준을설정할때, 가공전 후의농약잔류량변화를비교하여산출한가공계수를원료의기준에곱하여 1일최대섭취량 (Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake, TMDI) 이 1일섭취허용량 (Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI) 의 80% 이하수준이되도록 Codex를참고하여설정한다. Codex에서는세계각 8,9) 국의가공식품에대한자료를토대로국제기준을설정하는데먼저 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) 합동잔류농약전문가위원회 (Joint Meeting FAO/WHO on Pesticides Residues, JMPR) 가세계각국의자료를검토한후과학적으로증명된기준안을국제식품규격위원회농약잔류분과위원회 (Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues, CCPR) 에제안하고국가간협의를통해최종적으로결정한다 10). 과일과채소는국가별로소비형태가다르고가공계수가표준화되어있지않아지속적으로자료를수집하고있는실정이다. 11) 식품의약품안전처는농약허용물질목록관리제도 (Positive List System, PLS) 를도입했으며 2019년전면시행됨에따라모든농산물에대한농약잔류허용기준이강화되고농약사용에주의가필요하다. PLS란국산또는수입식품에대해잔류허용기준이설정된농약이외에는원칙적으로사용을금지하고일률기준인 0.01 mg/kg으로관리하는제도로원료농산물뿐아니라가공식품에도동일하게적용된다. 건조농산물의경우국내수요증가로잔류농약에대한안전성확보가대두되면서많은농약의잔류허용기준마련이시급히요구된다. 또한, 아직소면적재배작물이많기때문에농약사용에대한계도가지속적으로이루어져야하며, 건조농산물에대한체계적인관리와잔류농약실태파악이필요한상황이다. 이에본연구에서는경기도내에서유통되는건조농산물의잔류농약모니터링을실시하여농약에대한안전성을확보하고향후기준설정을위한기초자료로제공하고자한다. Materials and Methods 실험재료 2018년 1월부터 10월까지경기도내대형유통매장및로컬푸드매장 11곳에서건조농산물 18품목 110건을수거하였고, 수거목록은 Table 1에표시하였다. Table 1. The sample list collected in dried agricultural products Group Sample Number of samples Leafy vegetables Leaf & stem vegetables Root vegetables Fruits vegetables Radish leaves 11 Cirsium setidens 9 Chwinamul 8 Ricinus communis leaves 3 Pepper leaves 3 Bujigaengi 3 Rape leaves 1 Welsh onion 1 Bracken 9 Taro stem 6 Sweet potato stalk 5 Radish root 11 Balloon flower 1 Squash 7 Eggplant 7 Mushrooms Oak mushroom 14 Tree ear 3 Potatoes Helianthus tuberosus 8 Total 110 농약표준품및시약분석농약은총 263종으로표준품은 ( 주 ) 태산 (Anyang, Korea) 의 stock solution 1,000 mg/l 제품을사용하였으며, gas chromatograph (GC) 는 electron capture detector (ECD) 103종, nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) 86종을분석하였고, liquid chromatograph (LC) 는 photodiode array detector (PDA) 60종, fluorescence detector (FLD) 14종을분석하였다. 잔류농약분석에사용된시약은 acetonitrile (ACN, Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA), dichloromethane (Honeywell), acetone (Wako, Osaka, Japan), hexane (Wako), methanol (Wako), sodium chloride (Junsei, Tokyo, Japan), anhydrous sodium sulfate (Junsei) 및전기저항이 18.2 MΩ인 3차증류수를사용하였다. 시료의정제과정에서사용된 SPE (solid phase extraction) 는 florisil cartridge (1 g, 6 ml, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA), amino-propyl cartridge (1 g, 6 ml, Agilent) 를사용하였다. LC 이동상은 0.2 μm nylon membrane filter (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) 로여과후탈기하여사용하였다. 잔류농약분석방법시료의전처리는식품공전의다종농약다성분분석법제

3 342 Hyo-Kyung Lee et al. 2법 ( ) 에따라실시하였다. 검체약 1kg을분쇄 12) 하여 10 g을취하고증류수 40 ml를넣어 2시간방치한후 ACN 100 ml을가하여 2분간균질하였다. 균질액을감압여과한후 sodium chloride 15 g을넣은분액깔때기에옮겨강하게흔들고층이분리될때까지정치하였다. ACN을 anhydrous sodium sulfate에통과시켜탈수하고별도의 ACN을가하여 100 ml로하였다. ACN을 GC와 LC용각각 20 ml 씩취하여 40 C 이하수욕상에서질소농축하 o 였다. 정제과정은 GC의경우미리 florisil cartridge를 hexane 5 ml와 20% acetone/hexane 5 ml로활성화시킨후질소농축한시료를 20% acetone/hexane 4 ml에용해하여 cartridge 상단에넣고용출시켜시험관에받았다. 다시 20% acetone/ hexane 5 ml로용출하여동일시험관에받아 40 C 이하수 o 욕상에서질소농축하였다. 잔류물은 20% acetone/hexane 4 ml로용해한후 0.2 μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter (Whatman) 로여과하여시험용액으로하였다. LC의정제과정은 dichloromethane 5 ml로 amino-propyl catridge를미리활성화시킨후위의질소농축한시료를 1% methanol/ dichloromethane 4 ml로용해하여 cartridge 상단에넣고용출시켜시험관에받았다. 다시 1% methanol/dichloromethane 7 ml로용출하여동일시험관에받아 40 C 이하수욕상에 o 서질소농축하였다. 잔류물은 methanol 4 ml로용해한후 0.2 μm PTFE filter 로여과하여시험용액으로사용하였다 mm, 0.25 μm, Agilent) 를사용하였다. 잔류농약이검출된시료는 time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS, Leco, St. Joseph, MI, USA) 로확인하였고, column은 Rtx- 5MS (30 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm, Restek, Bellefonte, PA, USA) 를사용하였다. LC는 PDA와 FLD로분석하였고, PDA column은 BEH C18 ( mm, 1.7 μm, Waters), FLD column은 carbamate analysis ( mm, 5.0 μm, Waters) 를사용하였다. 잔류농약이검출된시료는 Quattro micro API Mass spectrometer (Waters) 로확인하였고, column은 BEH C18 ( mm, 1.7 μm, Waters) 를사용하였다. 각기기의분석조건은 Table 2, 3과같다. 유효성검증분석방법에대한유효성검증은잔류농약이검출된농약을대상으로식품공전잔류농약분석법실무해설서 13) 에따라실시하였다. 회수율은불검출시료에표준용액을각각 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg 수준으로처리후시험법과동일하게분석하였다. 검출한계 (limit of detection, LOD) 및정량한계 (limit of quantitation, LOQ) 는국제의약품규제조화위원회 (international council for harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use, ICH) 에서제시한아래의산출방법에따라구하였다. 기기분석조건잔류농약은 gas chromatograph (Agilent) 와 liquid chromatograph (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) 로분석하였다. GC는 ECD로유기염소계잔류농약, NPD로유기인계잔류농약을분석하였고, column은모두 DB-5 (30 m LOD = 3.3 δ/s LOQ = 10 δ/s δ = The standard deviation of the response S = The slope of the calibration curve Table 2. Analysis conditions of gas chromatograph Instrument GC/ECD GC/NPD GC/TOF/MS Inlet split (1:2), 270 o C 1.0 μl injection splitless, 250 o C 1.0 μl injection splitless, 250 o C 1.0 μl injection Flow rate N ml/min N ml/min He 1.5 ml/min Column Oven temperature (Temp.) Detector DB-5 (30 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) DB-5 (30 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) Rtx-5MS (30 m 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) Rate Temp. Hold Rate Temp. Hold Rate Temp. Hold ( o C/min) ( o C) (min) ( o C/min) ( o C) (min) ( o C/min) ( o C) (min) o C N 2 60 ml/min 310 o C N ml/min, H ml/min, Air 60 ml/min Rrasferline Temp. 250 o C Ion Source Temp. 220 o C

4 A safety survey on Pesticide Residues in Pried Agricultural Products 343 Table 3. Analysis conditions of liquid chromatograph Instrument LC/PDA LC/FLD LC-MS/MS Mobile phase Flow rate Column Gradient condition Detector & wavelength(λ) A: 15% ACN, B: 100% ACN 0.4 ml/min 3.0 μl injection BEH C18 (2.1 mm 100 mm, 1.7 μm) A: water:methanol:acn(2:4:4) B: 12% methanol 1.0 ml/min 10 μl injection Carbamate (3.9 mm 150 mm, 5.0 μm) A: 0.2% formic acid/ 20% methanol B: 0.2% formic acid/methanol 0.4 ml/min 2.0 μl injection BEH C18 (2.1 mm 50 mm, 1.7 μm) Time A B Time A B Time A B (min) (%) (%) (min) (%) (%) (min) (%) (%) Photodiode array detector Absorption (Aλ): 254 nm, 310 nm (Ethaboxam) Fluorescence detector Excitation (Xλ): 340 nm Emission (Eλ): 455 nm Mass spectrometry Results and Discussion 분석법검증분석법의유효성검증실험결과는 Table 4와같다. LOD 는 0.002~0.027 mg/kg, LOQ는 0.006~0.083 mg/kg으로나타났다. 국내에서는식품의경우 0.05 mg/kg 이하의검출한계가요구되고있어기준에적합하였다. 검량선의직선 13) 성은 coefficient of determination (R ) 으로확인하였고, ~1.0000으로나타나양호하였다. 검출농약별회수율은 Table 5에나타냈으며 0.1 mg/kg은 74.8~118.9%, 0.5 mg/ kg은 83.0~116.4%, 1.0 mg/kg은 86.2~115.8% 였다. 분석오차는전반적으로 1.5~17.3% 로나타났다. Codex에서회수율허용기준은 0.1 mg/kg에서회수율 70~120%, 분석오차 20%, 0.5 mg/kg에서회수율 70~110%, 분석오차 15% 이며, 1.0 mg/kg에서회수율 70~110%, 분석오차 10% 이다. 14) 0.5 mg/kg에서건취나물의 pyridyalyl과건고춧잎의 bifenthrin, 1.0 mg/kg에서건곤드레의 hexaconazole과건고춧잎의 bifenthrin, chlorothalonil이기준을조금벗어난것을제외하고모두충족하였다. 건조농산물의잔류농약분석결과경기도에서유통되는건조농산물 110건의잔류농약분석결과를 Table 6에나타냈다. 총 110건중 10건에서농약이검출되었고검출률은 9.1% 로나타났다. 건피마자 1 건, 건취나물 3건, 무시래기 3건, 건고춧잎 2건, 건곤드레 1건에서잔류농약이검출되었고, 검출된품목은모두엽채류였다. 이중농약잔류허용기준을초과한시료는 1건으로전체시료의 0.9% 이며건피마자에서 chlorpyrifos가부적합판정되었다. 채소류는건조과정에의해농약잔류량이감소될수도있지만수분함량이낮아지기때문에중량당잔류량은증가한다고보고된바있다. 특히엽채류의검출률이높 15,16) 은경향은여러차례보고되었으며, 작물의중량당표면적이넓어농약살포시부착량이증가하기때문이다. 17,18) 검출된농약은 263종의분석대상농약중 10종이 12회검출되었고살균제 6종, 살충제 4종이다. 유통중인신선농산물에서검출및부적합률이높은농약이건조농산물에서도주로검출된것을알수있었다 19,20). 건피마자와건취나물에서검출된 chlorpyrifos는광범위한살충작용을나타내는유기인계살충제중대표적인

5 344 Hyo-Kyung Lee et al. Table 4. Validation parameters of linearity, LOD, LOQ of pesticides detected Pesticides Range of linearity (mg/kg) Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) LOD 1) (mg/kg) LOQ 2) (mg/kg) Chlorpyrifos 0.006~ Diniconazole 0.006~ Hexaconazole 0.006~ Isoprothiolane 0.006~ Pyridalyl 0.006~ Bifenthrin 0.006~ Chlorothalonil 0.006~ Boscalid 0.125~ Lufenuron 0.125~ Pyraclostrobin 0.125~ ) LOD: Limit of detection 2) LOQ: Limit of quantitation Table 5. Validation parameter of recovery of pesticides detected Sample Pesticides Recovery ± RSD 1) (%) Fortification (mg/kg) Ricinus communis leaves Chlorpyrifos 84.2 ± ± ± 1.5 Chlorpyrifos 76.2 ± ± ± 3.9 Chwinamul Hexaconazole 97.7 ± ± ± 1.8 Pyridalyl 98.0 ± ± ± 3.6 Diniconazole 84.8 ± ± ± 4.3 Radish leaves Isoprothiolane 86.9 ± ± ± 3.5 Lufenuron 84.3 ± ± ± 0.8 Cirsium setidens Hexaconazole 74.8 ± ± ± 4.9 Bifenthrin 89.0 ± ± ± 4.3 Pepper leaves Chlorothalonil ± ± ± 4.9 Boscalid 83.3 ± ± ± 4.5 Pyraclostrobin ± ± ± 4.9 1) RSD: Relative standard deviation Table 6. Detected pesticides in dried agricultural products Group Sample Pesticide Leafy vegetables 1) MRL: Maximum Residue Level Concentration (mg/kg) MRL 1) (mg/kg) Suitability Ricinus communis leaves Chlorpyrifos Unsuitable Chwinamul Chlorpyrifos Suitable Hexaconazole Suitable Pyridalyl Suitable Diniconazole Suitable Radish leaves Isoprothiolane Suitable Lufenuron Suitable Cirsium setidens Hexaconazole Suitable Pepper leaves Bifenthrin Suitable Chlorothalonil Suitable Boscalid Suitable Pyraclostrobin Suitable

6 A safety survey on Pesticide Residues in Pried Agricultural Products 345 물질로비교적쉽게분해되므로지속성이적어잔류위험이낮지만독성이강하다고알려져있다. Jo 등의연 21) 22) 구에따르면 chlorpyrifos의경우저장기간중가장낮은감소율을나타낸농약이며, 분자구조내에 3개의염소원자를가지고있기때문에생물학적분해가어렵고, 다른유기인계살충제들과는달리분해반감기가길어농산물에서자주검출된다고보고된바있다. 최근 3년간유통된농산물에서부적합률이두번째로높은농약이었으며잔류 19) 허용기준이낮아서검출시부적합이될확률이높다. 건취나물, 건곤드레에서검출된 hexaconazole과무시래기에서검출된 diniconazole은 triazole계살균제이다. Hexaconazole은 1,2,4-triazole기를가지는침투성살균제로약이묻지않은부위에도효과가우수하며곰팡이로인한녹병, 흰가루병, 흰비단병등을예방하기위해사용된다. 6,23) 2017 경기도농산물잔류농약통계연보 24) 에따르면 hexaconazole은취나물에서검출빈도가높은농약성분이었으며, 서등 25) 의연구에서건취나물분석결과검출된농약이모두 hexaconazole인것으로보아건조후에도잔류되는농약인것을알수있다. Diniconazole은등록된작물수가적고잔류허용기준이낮아부적합으로판정될확률이높은농약이며, 주로열무에서잔류허용기준을초과하여무속작물에빈번하게사용되고있는것을알수있었다. Diniconazole은살균제이자생장조절제로식물 24) 체내의생장촉진호르몬인지베렐린생합성을억제하는작용을하며, 농산물의상품성을위해적절한크기와모양을유지하고자사용되는것으로판단된다. 26) 건고춧잎에서는 pyraclostrobin, chlorothalonil, boscalid, bifenthrin이검출되었고하나의시료에서여러농약이동시에검출되어김등 27) 의연구결과와일치했다. 고추에는재배시가장문제가되는탄저병예방차원에서 chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin이자주사용되고있으며 2,28) 그외에동시검출된성분은상용화된혼합제농약사용에기인한것으로판단된다. 본연구에서엽채류에검출된농약들을살펴보면대부분작물에등록되어있지않았고, 유사농산물의최저기준에수분함량을고려한잠정기준을적용했다. 해당작물에는등록되지않았지만유사농산물에등록되어있어사용한것으로판단된다. 또한, 기후변화로인해소면적재배작물은다양해지고있으나병해충방제에사용가능한농약이부족하다는점도원인으로작용했을것이다. 29) 나물류의경우수급용이성, 유통및저장중안전성향상을위해건조기술이끊임없이개발되고있으며, 건조나물의다양한상품화가진행되고있기때문에잔류허용기준설정이시급한것으로생각된다. 건조농산물의잔류농약부적합건조농산물중잔류허용기준을초과한시료는 1 건으로건 피마자에서 chlorpyrifos가 1.22 mg/kg 검출되었고엽채류중최저기준인 0.05 mg/kg 에수분함량을보정한 0.17 mg/kg 이잔류허용기준으로약 7배높게검출되었다. 이를 PLS에적용해보면동일하게부적합이지만 0.01 mg/kg에수분함량을보정하여환산한 0.03 mg/kg 까지만허용되어기준이강화된다. 건취나물에서검출된 chlorpyrifos의경우는 0.25 mg/kg 검출되었고 0.44 mg/kg이기준으로적합이었지만 PLS를적용해보면기준이 0.09 mg/kg 으로부적합으로판정된다. 본연구에서적합이었던검출농약들을모두적용해보면부적합률은약 2.7% 로 3배가량증가하는것을알수있었다. 이처럼 PLS 도입에의해건조농산물의부적합이증가할것으로예상되며가공된농산물의소비가증가함에따라농약의잔류허용기준을설정하여관리하는것이안전성을확보하는데매우중요하다. 요즘은가격만큼이나 30) 품질이중요시되고있으며, 소비자들의요구에상응하기위해서는작물의생산성을향상시키는농약사용이불가피하다. 그러나소비자들이안심할수있도록안전한먹을거리를공급하는것도매우중요하기때문에농약사용에대한양면성이존재한다. 이에농민들이적용대상작물에만농약을사용할수있도록안전사용지침준수에관한지도와교육이꾸준히수행되어야하며, 작물에사용가능한농약의수를늘리고기준을추가로설정하는등현실적인해결책을위한노력이필요하다. 특히농산물의경우건조기준이설정된품목이많지않으므로모니터링자료를토대로새로운기준을제시할수있도록지속적인연구가진행되어야할것이다. 국문요약 본연구에서는건조농산물의잔류농약안전성조사를위해경기도에서유통되는건조농산물 110건을수거하여다종농약다성분분석법으로잔류농약 263종을검사하였다. 조사결과총 10건의시료에서 10종의잔류농약이검출되었으며, 건피마자에서 chlorpyrifos, 건취나물에서 chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pyridalyl, 무시래기에서 diniconazole, isoprothiolane, lufenuron, 건곤드레에서 hexaconazole, 건고춧잎에서 bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, boscalid, pyraclostrobin이각각검출되었다. 검출률은 9.1% 였으며, 이중건피마자 1 건에서 chlorpyrifos가잔류허용기준을초과하였고부적합률은 0.9% 로나타났다. 유효성검증실험결과검출한계 (LOD) 는 0.002~0.027 mg/kg, 정량한계 (LOQ) 는 0.006~0.083 mg/kg 으로나타났으며, 결정계수 (R ) 는 ~1.0000으로나타났 2 다. 회수율은전반적으로 74.8~118.9% 로나타났다 년부터 PLS가시행됨에따라농산물에대한안전성관리가강화되었지만건조농산물의경우잔류허용기준이미비하기때문에본연구는향후기준설정을위한기초자료로제공하고자한다.

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386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon