DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DBPIA-NURIMEDIA"

Transcription

1 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 19, No. 2, pp (2015) Open Access Online ISSN Print ISSN ORIGINAL ARTICLES / RESIDUE 포도 (Vitis vinifera L.) 중 Pyrimethanil 및 Methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준설정 김지윤 우민지 허경진 마노하란사라바난 권찬혁 1 허장현 * 강원대학교농업생명과학대학바이오자원환경학과, 강원대학교친환경농산물안전성센터, 1 식품의약품안전처식품기준과 Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limit for Pyrimethanil and Methoxyfenozide during Cultivation of grape Kim Ji Yoon, Min Ji Woo, Kyung Jin Hur, Manoharan Saravanan, Chan-Hyeok Kwon 1 and Jang Hyun Hur* Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon , Environment Friendly Agricultural Products Safety Center, Chuncheon , Korea 1 Food Standard Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungbuk , Korea (Received on March 6, Revised on June 9, Accepted on June 23, 2015) Abstract The present study was aimed to predict the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) of pyrimethanil (fungicide) and methoxyfenozide (insecticide) in grape, and to estimate their biological half-lives and residual characteristics. The pesticides were sprayed once on grape in two different fields 10 days before harvest. At the end of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after application, samples were harvested for further analysis. The residual pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane, and the highperformance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC/DAD) was employed for the residue analysis. The results obtained in the present study show that the limit of detection of both pesticides were found to be 0.01 mg kg 1. The recoveries of these pesticides were ranged between 80.6% and 102.5% with coefficient of variation lower than 10%. The biological half-lives of both pesticides were observed in field 1 and field 2 which shows 7.7 and 7.4 days for pyrimethanil and 5.1 and 6.1 days for methoxyfenozide, respectively. Further, the PHRL of pyrimethanil and methoxyfenozide was found to be 8.90 mg kg 1 and 5.51 mg kg 1, respectively at 10 days before harvest. Consequently, the present study suggests that the residual amounts of both pesticides will be lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) when grape is harvested. Key words Grape, Pre-Harvest Residue Limit, Maximum Residue Limit, Pyrimethanil, Methoxyfenozide 서 론 농약은병해충및잡초로부터농산물을보호하고생산량증대와품질향상에기여하는중요한농자재이다. 살포된농약은수확시기까지분해및소실되어작물에잔류하지않는것이가장이상적이지만여러형태의화학구조를가지고있는특성상사용이끝난후에도농작물이나환경중에잔류되는경우가있다 (Kim et al., 2009). *Corresponding author jhhur@kangwon.ac.kr 이에국가에서는농산물중농약잔류허용기준 (Maximum Residue Limit, MRL) 을설정하여잔류농약에대한관리를하고있다. 그러나유통단계중시행되는잔류농약검사는잔류량이최대잔류허용기준량을초과할경우이미유통되었을가능성이높아농산물의회수가어려우며, 부적합농산물은용도전환또는폐기처분되어농민들에게경제적손실을발생시킨다. 이와같은문제를방지하고, 생산단계농산물의안전관리를위하여국가에서는생산단계잔류허용기준 (Pre-harvest Residue Limit, PHRL) 을설정하였다. 생산단계잔류허용기준은생산단계농산물에대한안전성을평가하는기준으로수확전일정시점의기간동안농약의잔류량을 81

2 82 김지윤 우민지 허경진 마노하란사라바난 권찬혁 허장현 조사하고, 생물학적반감기를산출하여수확시잔류량을예측함으로써 MRL을초과할가능성이있는부적합농산물의유통을사전에차단하는데목적이있다 ( 농림수산식품부, 2009). 5대과수중하나인포도는갈매나무목포도과에속하는낙엽성덩굴식물로미네랄, 비타민, 철분등의영양분이풍부하다고알려져있다. 또한포도의폴리페놀성분이심혈관질환, 암, 동맥경화등의질병예방에효과적이라는연구결과가보고되면서포도의생산량과소비량이점차증가하고있다 (Kim et al., 2012). 그러나포도에대한생산단계잔류허용기준은 2014년기준 42개성분에대해서만설정되어있어적용농약품목의확대가필요한실정이다 ( 식품의약품안전처, 2014). 본연구는포도생산단계중 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의잔류량을분석하여약제별잔류특성및반감기산출을통해생산단계잔류허용기준설정에기여하고자수행하였다. 미토스, 바이엘크롭사이언스 ( 주 )) 및 methoxyfenozide 21% 유제 ( 상표명 : 런너, 동부팜한농 ( 주 )) 는시중에서구입하여사용하였다. 두약제의화학구조식및이화학적성질은 Table 1과같다. 시약, 재료및기구잔류농약의분석을위해사용한 dichloromethane, acetonitrile, n-hexane, methanol 및 ethyl acetate는 GR급을사용하였으며, sodium sulfate anhydrous 및 sodium chloride는 EP 급을사용하였다. 정제에사용한 SPE Florisil 1 g cartridge는 Phenomenex (USA) 사의제품을구입하였다. 또한약제살포시동력식분무기를사용하였으며, 잔류농약분석시시료균질기 (AM-10, Nissei, Nihonseiki Kaisha Ltd., Japan) 와진공회전증발농축기 (EYELA NE-1001, Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Ltd., Japan) 를사용하였다. 포도중 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의잔류량은 DIONEX UltiMate 3000 (Thermo scientific, USA) 을이용하여분석하였다. 재료및방법 시험농약본연구에사용된 pyrimethanil (99.9%, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Germany) 및 methoxyfenozide (99.6%, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Germany) 의표준품은원제사로부터구입하여사용하였고, 살포용농약 pyrimethanil 37% 액상수화제 ( 상표명 : 시험작물및시험포장시험작물인포도는경기도가평군북면소법리의포도재배지 2 포장을임차하여 10일간 (2013년 9월 10일 ~2013년 9 월 20일 ) 시험을진행하였다. 포장 1, 2의시험구획은 24 m 2 으로약제처리별 3반복배치하였으며, 각각의처리구사이에 1m의완충구를두고시험을수행하였다 (Fig. 1). Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the pesticides used Pesticides Pyrimethanil Methoxyfenozide Chemical structure IUPAC name N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aniline N-tert-butyl-N'-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide Mol.wt Vapor pressure 2.2 mpa (25 o C) < mpa (20 o C) K ow logp 2.84 (ph 6.1, 25 o C) 3.7 (shake flask) Fig. 1. Field design in this study area.

3 포도 (Vitis vinifera L.) 중 Pyrimethanil 및 Methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준설정 83 약제처리및시료채취 포도에대한시험농약의살포는작물보호지침서 (KCPA, 2012) 의안전사용기준에준하여희석한후동력식분무기를사용하여 1회살포하였고, 시험농약살포 2시간후를 0일차로하여 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10일차에약 1.5~2 kg의시료를채취하였다. 채취한시료는밀봉한후즉시분석장소로운반하였으며, 처리구별로세절및혼합하여 -20 o C 이하의냉동고에서보관후분석시사용하였다. 본시험에서포도에살포한약제의안전사용기준및잔류허용기준 (Maximum Residue Limits, MRL) 은 Table 2에제시하였다. 분석검출한계 Pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의분석검출한계는최소검출량, 최종부피, 시료주입량, 시료량등을고려하여산출하며아래의식과같이산출하였다. - 산출식 : 최소검출량 (ng) 최종부피 (ml) 1 = mg kg 1 시료주입량 (µl) 시료량 (g) - Pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide 의 MDL: 1.0 ng 2 ml 1 10 µl 20 g = 0.01 mg kg 1 표준검량선작성시험농약의표준물질인 pyrimethanil (99.6%) mg 및 methoxyfenozide (99.6%) mg을 100 ml acetonitrile 에녹여 1,000 mg L 1 stock solution을조제한후단계별로희석하여 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 및 5.0 mg L 1 의 working solution을조제하였다. 그후각각일정량을 HPLC 에주입하여나타난 chromatogram상의 peak면적을기준으로검량선을작성하였다. 포도중잔류농약분석포도중잔류된 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide를추출하기위하여세절한시료 20 g에 acetonitrile 100 ml를가하여 homogenizer로 10,000 rpm에서 3분간마쇄 추출하였다. 추출액중 acetonitrile을감압여과및농축한후증류수 100 ml, 포화식염수 50 ml를첨가하여 dichloromethane 80, 70 ml로 2회분배하였으며, 감압농축후 dichloromethane 5mL로재용해하였다. Pyrimethanil의정제는 SPE Florisil 1 g cartridge에 dichloromethane 5 ml로 pre-washing한후추출액 5mL를모두 loading하여버린후전개용출용매 (dichloromethane:methanol = 95:5, v/v) 5 ml로용출시켰다. Methoxyfenozide의경우 SPE Florisil 1 g cartridge에 dichloromethane 5 ml로 pre-washing한후추출액 5mL를모두 loading하고전개용출용매 1 (n-hexane:dichloromethane Table 2. Pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) guidelines for the safe use of the test pesticides and their maximum residue limits (MRLs) Pesticides Formulation A.I. a) (%) MRL b) (mg kg 1 ) LAD c) (day) Safe use guideline MNA d) (time) Dilution Pyrimethanil SC e) ,000 Methoxyfenozide SC ,000 a) A.I.: Active ingredient, b) MRL: Maximum residue limit, MFDS, c) LAD: Last application day, d) MNA: Maximum number of application, e) SC: Suspension concentrate Table 3. HPLC/DAD operating conditions for the analysis of pyrimethanil and methoxyfenozide in grape Instrument HPLC (DIONEX UltiMate 3000) Detector Diod array detector (DAD), 210 nm Oven temperature 40 o C Column Shiseido C (4.6 mm I.D. 250 mm, 5 µm) Flow rate 1.0 ml min. 1 Injection volume 10 µl Pyrimethanil Methoxyfenozide Min. Acetonitrile Water Mobile phase Acetonitrile:Water = 65:35 (v/v)

4 84 김지윤 우민지 허경진 마노하란사라바난 권찬혁 허장현 = 50:50, v/v) 10 ml로세정하였다. 이후전개용출용매 2 (dichloromethane:ethyl acetate = 80:20, v/v) 6 ml를이용하여용출시켰다. 두약제모두용출액을감압농축한건고물을 acetonitrile 2 ml로재용해하여필터링여과 (0.2 µm membrane filter) 한후 HPLC/DAD에 10.0 µl 주입하여최종분석하였으며, 분석조건은 Table 3과같다. 포도중회수율분석무처리포도시료 20 g을각각칭량하여표준용액 1mg kg 1 표준용액 2 ml, 10 mg kg 1 표준용액 1mL를가한후, 분석검출한계의 10배 (0.1 mg kg 1 ), 분석검출한계의 50배 (0.5 mg kg 1 ) 수준이되도록균일하게혼합하여 30분간방치한후상기의분석과정을수행하여회수율을산출하였다. 시험농약의생물학적반감기및생산단계농약잔류허용기준포도의생산단계중시험약제의잔류량은표준검량선을사용하여산출하였으며, 생물학적반감기및생산단계농약잔류허용기준 (PHRL) 은식품의약품안전처에서제공하는잔류성시험성적회귀분석검정표를이용하여산출하였다. 결과및고찰 시험기간중기상조건과포도의중량 2013년 9월 10일부터 2013년 9월 20일까지의시험기간중포장 1, 2 시설내의평균기온범위는 20.0~23.0 o C이었 으며, 평균습도의범위는 79.4~99.6% 이었다 (Fig. 2). 시험약제살포후포장 1, 2에서수확한포도의평균무게는 g이었으며, 첫번째수확일대비마지막수확일까지대상작물의평균증체율은 114.8% (Fig. 3) 로비대생장에의한잔류농약의희석효과는적을것으로판단된다. 표준검량선작성포도중잔류농약분석을위한표준검량곡선을작성한결과, 두약제모두상관계수 (R 2 ) 가 0.99이상으로높은직선성을확인하였다 (Table 4). 분석검출한계및회수율포도중 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의분석검출한계는모두 0.01 mg kg 1 이었으며, pyrimethanil의회수율은 85.5~88.8%, methoxyfenozide의경우 80.6~102.5% 로두약제모두식품의약품안전처의단성분분석회수율범위인 70~120%, 변이계수 10% 이내의기준을만족하여 (Table 5) 잔류특성을구명하기에효율적인분석방법이라판단된다. 상기분석방법에의한 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의머무름시간은각각 8.41분과 7.12분이었다. HPLC/DAD로분석한시험약제의무처리, 회수율및처리구의대표적크로마토그램은 Fig. 4와같다. 포도생산단계중잔류량변화에따른생물학적반감기포도생산단계중 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide를안전사용기준에준하여포장 1, 포장 2에각각 1회기준량살포하여일자별잔류량을분석하였다. Pyrimethanil 기준량처리시초기농도는포장 1에서의초기농도는 2.50 mg kg 1, 포장 2에서의초기농도는 2.77 mg kg 1 이었고, methoxyfenozide의경우포장 1에서 0.67 mg kg 1, 포장 2 에서 0.74 mg kg 1 으로시험포장간의초기잔류량은큰차 Table 4. A linear equation of calibration curve for the quantification of the pesticide residues in grape Fig. 2. Climatic conditions during cultivation period. Pesticides Linear equation R 2 Pyrimethanil y=0.1261x Methoxyfenozide y=0.1271x Fig. 3. Rate of gain of grape during cultivation period. Table 5. Recoveries rate and MLOQ for pyrimethanil and methoxyfenozide in grape Pesticides Pyrimethanil Methoxyfenozide Fortification (mg kg 1 ) Recovery ± SD (%, average ± SD) ± ± ± ± 0.4 a) MLOQ: Method Limit of Quantification MLOQ a) (mg kg 1 )

5 포도 (Vitis vinifera L.) 중 Pyrimethanil 및 Methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준설정 85 Fig. 4. Chromatogram of pyrimethanil (A: control, B: recovery 0.5 mg kg 1, C: 0 day sample) and methoxyfenozide (D: control, E: recovery 0.5 mg kg 1, F: 0 day sample). Fig. 5. Dissipation curves of pyrimethanil (A) and methoxyfenozide (B) in grape during cultivation period. 이가없었다 (Fig. 5). 두약제의초기잔류량모두 MRL (pyrimethanil: 5.0 mg kg 1, methoxyfenozide: 2.0 mg kg 1, MFDS, 2014) 이하로나타났다. 이는 Han 등 (2003) 의연구에서같은약제를살포한결과표면이울퉁불퉁한딸기에서의초기잔류량이포도보다높은것을보면, 표면이매끄럽고과실이뭉쳐져있는포도의특성상초기잔류량이낮게나온것이라판단된다. 포도중 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의잔류량은약제살포후시간이지남에따라감소하는경향을보였다. 잔류농약의감소경향은농약자체의이화학적특성, 제제형태, 대사및분해, 처리후수확일까지의경과일수, 환경조건등에의한영향을받은것으로사료된다 (Lo et al., 2004). 식품의약품안전처에서제공한시험농약의잔류성시험성적회귀분석검정표를통해각각시험포장의잔류량에따른 잔류감소회귀식을산출한결과, pyrimethanil의경우포장 1에서 y=2.0678e x (R 2 =0.9112), 포장 2에서 y=2.5160e x (R 2 =0.9138) 이었으며, methoxyfenozide의경우포장 1 에서 y=0.6717e x (R 2 =0.9850), 포장 2에서 y=0.7746e x (R 2 =0.9921) 이었다 (Fig. 5). 잔류감소회귀식에의해산출된두농약의생산단계중생물학적반감기는 pyrimethanil의경우포장 1에서 7.7일, 포장 2에서 7.4일이었으며, methoxyfenozide의경우각각 5.1, 6.1일로나타났다. 포장간의반감기차이는크지않았으나단감중 pyrimethanil의반감기는 15.6일 (Lee et al., 2012), 배추중 methoxyfenozide의반감기는 3.5일 (Lee et al., 2009) 인선행연구결과와비교하였을때차이를보였다. 이는약제의반감기가농약자체의특성과환경조건은물론대상작물의종류에도영향을받기때문이라판단된다.

6 86 김지윤 우민지 허경진 마노하란사라바난 권찬혁 허장현 Fig. 6. Recommended PHRL (Pre-harvest Residue Limit) of pyrimethanil (A) and methoxyfenozide (B) in grape during cultivation period. 생산단계잔류허용기준설정생산단계잔류허용기준 (PHRL) 은수확전일정시점에잔류허용량을설정하여수확시농약의잔류량이 MRL을초과하지않도록설정한기준으로생산단계포도의일자별잔류량을이용하여 pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의생산단계잔류허용기준을산출하였다. 포도중 pyrimethanil의 MRL은 5.0 mg kg 1 이고, methoxyfenozide의경우 2.0 mg kg 1 으로 pyrimethanil의수확 10일전생산단계잔류허용기준은포장 1에서 8.90, 포장 2에서 9.16 mg kg 1 이었으며, methoxyfenozide의수확 10일전생산단계잔류허용기준은포장 1에서 6.45 mg kg 1, 포장 2에서 5.51 mg kg 1 로나타났다. Pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide의수확 10일전잔류량이각각 8.90 mg kg 1, 5.51 mg kg 1 이하로나타나면수확시잔류량이 MRL 이하로잔류할것으로예측된다 (Fig. 6). 본연구결과는부적합농산물의유통을사전에방지하여소비자는안전한농산물을섭취하고, 생산자는불필요한경제적손실을최소화할수있는농산물안전관리에기여할수있을것으로판단된다. 감사의글 본성과물은식품의약품안전처에서시행한 2013년생산단계농산물중농약의잔류허용기준설정연구의지원에의해이루어졌으며, 이에감사드립니다. Literature Cited Korea Crop Protection Association (2012) 2012 Guideline of Pesticides Use. Korea Crop Protection Association. Kim, J. H., S. K. Choi, Y. S. Yu, K. S. Yoon and J. S. Seo (2012) Physiologically Active Components and Antioxidant Capacity of Grapevine Leaves at Growth Stages. The Korean Journal of Food Science. 44(6): Kim, S. W., E. M. Lee, Y. Lin, H. W. Park, H. R. Lee, M, J. Riu, Y. R. Na, J. E. Noh, Y. S. Keum, H. H. Song and J. H. Kim (2009) Establishment of pre-harvest residue limit(phrl) of insecticide bifenthrin during cultivation of grape, The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science. 13(4): Han, S. S., S. C. Lo, W. J. Kim, P. J. Park and I. K. Kim (2003) Residual Characteristics of Etofenprox and Methoxyfenozide in Chinese Cabbage. Analytical Science & Technology. 16(1): Lee, D. Y., Y. J. Kim, S. J. Lee, K. S. Cho, S. G. Kim, M. H. Park and K. Y. Kang (2012) Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limit of Fungicides Pyrimethanil and Trifloxystrobin during Cultivation of Persimmon. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture. 31(1): Lee, E. Y., H. H. Noh, Y. S. Park, K. Y. Kang, J. K. Kim, Y. D. Jin, S. S. Yun, C. W. Jin, S. K. Han and K. S. Kyung (2009) Residual Characteristics of Etofenprox and Methoxyfenozide in Chinese Cabbage. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science. 13(1): Lo, S. C., C. H. Hwang, M. S. Kim, S. Y. Ma and S. S. Han (2004) Residue analysis of insecicide thiodicarb in sweet persimmon and its safety evaluation. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science. 8(3): Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2014) Toxic substances residue standard such as pre-harvest agricultural products. Tomlin, C. D. S (2009) The Pesticide Manual. British Crop Production Council, UK. pp Tomlin, C. D. S (2009) The Pesticide Manual. British Crop Production Council, UK. pp

7 포도 (Vitis vinifera L.) 중 Pyrimethanil 및 Methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준설정 87 포도 (Vitis vinifera L.) 중 Pyrimethanil 및 Methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준설정 김지윤 우민지 허경진 마노하란사라바난 권찬혁 1 허장현 * 강원대학교농업생명과학대학바이오자원환경학과, 강원대학교친환경농산물안전성센터, 1 식품의약품안전처식품기준과 요약본연구는포도에대한 pyrimethanil 과 methoxyfenozide 의잔류량변화를측정하여약제별잔류특성을파악하고, 잔류량감소추이를산출함으로써생산단계잔류허용기준 (Pre-Harvest Residue Limit, PHRL) 설정을위한기초자료로활용하고자수행하였다. Pyrimethanil 및 methoxyfenozide 농약을안전사용기준에준하여각각포장 1, 포장 2 지역으로나누어기준량처리하였으며, 약제처리 2 시간후를 0 일차로하여 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 일차에시료를채취하여분석하였다. 두약제모두 HPLC/DAD 를이용하여분석하였으며, 분석정량한계 (Method Limit of Quantitation, MLOQ) 는 0.01 mg kg 1 이었다. 분석결과, 분석법의회수율은 80.6~102.5% 이었으며, 표준편차는모두 10% 미만이었다. 포도중각농약에대한생물학적반감기는 pyrimethanil 의경우 7.7 일 ( 포장 1), 7.4 일 ( 포장 2) 이었으며, methoxyfenozide 의경우 5.1 일 ( 포장 1), 6.1 일 ( 포장 2) 이었다. 잔류회귀감소식을이용한 pyrimethanil 과 methoxyfenozide 의생산단계잔류허용기준은각각수확 10 일전 8.90 과 5.51 mg kg 1 으로제안하였다. 색인어 포도, 생산단계잔류허용기준, 잔류허용기준, pyrimethanil, methoxyfenozide

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2013) Online ISSN: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2013) Online ISSN: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2013) Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 136-141 http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2013.32.2.136 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 Research

More information

02_본문_____컬러(25-26, 57).hwp

02_본문_____컬러(25-26, 57).hwp Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2013) Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 84-93 http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2013.32.1.84 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 Research Article

More information

<30385F5BC0FAC0DAC1F7C1A2BCF6C1A45D4B4A D313028C0CCB1D4BDC2295F35327E35392E687770>

<30385F5BC0FAC0DAC1F7C1A2BCF6C1A45D4B4A D313028C0CCB1D4BDC2295F35327E35392E687770> Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2011) Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 52-59 DOI : 10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.1.52 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 Research Article Open Access

More information

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 11-1480523-000702-01 환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ Abstract ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ i 목차 Ⅲ Ⅳ i 목차 ii 목차 iii Abstract α β α β iv Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ 1 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. 2 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법

More information

<313428BFCFB7E129BDC3BCB3C0E7B9E820C2FCBFDC20C1DF20BBECB1D5C1A6C0C75FB1E8C0E5BEEF2E687770>

<313428BFCFB7E129BDC3BCB3C0E7B9E820C2FCBFDC20C1DF20BBECB1D5C1A6C0C75FB1E8C0E5BEEF2E687770> 한국환경농학회지제 28 권제 4 호 (2009) Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Vol. 28, o. 4, pp. 419-426 연구보문 시설재배참외중살균제의생물학적반감기 이주희 전영환 신갑식 김효영 박은정 김태화 김장억 * 경북대학교농업생명과학대학응용생명과학부 (2009 년 12 월 9 일접수, 2009 년 12

More information

<30372D31352DC1A4B8EDB1D928BFCF292E687770>

<30372D31352DC1A4B8EDB1D928BFCF292E687770> Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric. 2015;34(2):120-127. Korean Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Published online 2015 June 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2015.34.2.15 Print ISSN:

More information

<303928BFCFB7E129B1E8C0E5BEEF2DC3D6C1BEBABB2E687770>

<303928BFCFB7E129B1E8C0E5BEEF2DC3D6C1BEBABB2E687770> 한국환경농학회지제 28 권제 3 호 (2009) Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 281-288 연구보문 Strobilurin 계살균제의시설재배참외중잔류양상 박은정 이주희 김태화 김장억 * 경북대학교농업생명과학대학응용생명과학부 (2009 년 9 월 9 일접수, 2009 년 9 월

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 금은화 ( 金銀花 ) Lonicerae Flos 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 금은화 ( 金銀花 ) Lonicerae Flos 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 금은화 ( 金銀花 ) Lonicerae Flos 생약연구과 - 2 - KP 11 Lonicerae Flos Lonicera japonica Thunberg - CP 2015 JP 16 Lonicerae Japonicae Flos Lonicerae Folium Cum Caulis Lonicera japonica Thunberg - Lonicera

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 고삼 ( 苦參 ) Sophorae Radix 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 고삼 ( 苦參 ) Sophorae Radix 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 고삼 ( 苦參 ) Sophorae Radix 생약연구과 - 1 - KP 11 Sophorae Radix Sophora flavescens Solander ex Aiton oxymatrine, matrine 1.0% CP 2015 Sophorae Flavescentis Radix Sophora flavescens Aiton - JP 16

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 단삼 ( 丹參 ) Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 단삼 ( 丹參 ) Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 단삼 ( 丹參 ) Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 생약연구과 - 1 - KP 11 CP 2015 Salvia miltiorrhizae Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge salvianolic

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 작약 ( 芍藥 ) Paeoniae Radix 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 작약 ( 芍藥 ) Paeoniae Radix 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 작약 ( 芍藥 ) Paeoniae Radix 생약연구과 - 2 - KP 11 CP 2015 JP 16 Paeoniae Radix Paeoniae Radix Alba Paeoniae Radix Rubra Paeoniae Radix Paeonia lactiflora Pallas paeoniflorin, albiflorin 2.3% Paeonia

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

<B3EDB9AE20BCD3C7A5C1F62E687770>

<B3EDB9AE20BCD3C7A5C1F62E687770> The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment 19(1) 64~71(2009) 보건환경연구원보 깻잎의 세척방법별 잔류농약 제거효과에 관한 연구 이지윤 조현철 이주현 구평태 나영란 김경아 김현진 황인영 김찬희 농산물검사소 Study on the Removal Efficiency

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

03-2ƯÁý -14š

03-2ƯÁý	-14š Management on hazardous chemicals for production of safe produce Namjun Cho, Sumyeong Hong, Wonil Kim, Byungjun Park Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA * Correspondence

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과 - 2 - - 3 - KP 11 Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Notopterygium incisum Ting, Notopterygium

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 204-209 (2015) Open Access http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2015.19.3.204 Online ISSN 2287-2051 Print ISSN 1226-6183 ORIGINAL ARTICLES / RESIDUE 시설재배아스파라거스중살충제

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

미생물유래물질을이용한식물병방제용작물보호제의산업화

미생물유래물질을이용한식물병방제용작물보호제의산업화 미생물유래물질을이용한식물병방제용작물보호제의산업화 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - - 25 - - 26 -

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

11_김장억( ).hwp

11_김장억( ).hwp Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric (2012) Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 277-285 http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2012.31.3.277 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 Research

More information

- 2 -

- 2 - 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 인동 ( 忍冬 ) Lonicerae Folium et Caulis 생약연구과 - 2 - KP 11 Lonicera japonica Thunberg 0.1% CP 2015 JP 16 Lonicera japonica Thunberg chlorogenic acid 0.10% Lonicera japonica Thunberg - β α - 3

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

개최요강

개최요강 55 2009. 5. ( ) ( ) < > 1. 1 2. 2. 2. 3 1) 3 2) 3 3) GC-MS 4. 5 1) 5 2) 5 3) ICP-OES 6 3. 7. 7 1) 7 2) 10. 13 1) 1g 13 2),,, 14 3), 15 4),, 15 4. 17 19 < > [ 1] 2 [ 2] ICP-OES 6 [ 3] 13 [ 4] 1g 13 [ 5]

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

농림축산식품부장관귀하 본보고서를 미생물을활용한친환경작물보호제및비료의제형화와현장적용매뉴 얼개발 ( 개발기간 : ~ ) 과제의최종보고서로제출합니다 주관연구기관명 : 고려바이오주식회사 ( 대표자 ) 김영권 (

농림축산식품부장관귀하 본보고서를 미생물을활용한친환경작물보호제및비료의제형화와현장적용매뉴 얼개발 ( 개발기간 : ~ ) 과제의최종보고서로제출합니다 주관연구기관명 : 고려바이오주식회사 ( 대표자 ) 김영권 ( 농림축산식품부장관귀하 본보고서를 미생물을활용한친환경작물보호제및비료의제형화와현장적용매뉴 얼개발 ( 개발기간 :2014. 7. 29 ~ 2016. 7. 28.) 과제의최종보고서로제출합니다. 2016. 7. 28. 주관연구기관명 : 고려바이오주식회사 ( 대표자 ) 김영권 ( 인 ) 협동연구기관명 : 목원대학교산학협력단 ( 대표자 ) 고대식 ( 인 ) 협동연구기관명

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

84-01.fm

84-01.fm w y wz 8«( 4y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis HPLC f y e t p»wá½»x w y w»y Detection Characteristics of a HPLC Method on Carbonyl-DNPH Derivatives in Relation with Column

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20BFEBB1E2C6F7C0E5BAD0BCAEB9FDB1B3C0B02DC7EDBCBEBFC1C5D9>

<4D F736F F F696E74202D20BFEBB1E2C6F7C0E5BAD0BCAEB9FDB1B3C0B02DC7EDBCBEBFC1C5D9> 폴리에틸렌 (Polyethylene : PE) 관련 1- 헥센및 1- 옥텐동시분석 2009. 2. 27 목차 1. 개요 - 1- 헥센및 1- 옥텐의물리화학적특성및용도 2. 입안예고주요내용 - 식품의약품안전청공고제 2009-24 (2009. 1. 23) 호 3. 1- 헥센및 1- 옥텐분석방법 4. 향후일정 1 개요 화학구조 1-Hexene 1-Octene H

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

(2) : :, α. α (3)., (3). α α (4) (4). (3). (1) (2) Antoine. (5) (6) 80, α =181.08kPa, =47.38kPa.. Figure 1.

(2) : :, α. α (3)., (3). α α (4) (4). (3). (1) (2) Antoine. (5) (6) 80, α =181.08kPa, =47.38kPa.. Figure 1. Continuous Distillation Column Design Jungho Cho Department of chemical engineering, Dongyang university 1. ( ).... 2. McCabe-Thiele Method K-value. (1) : :, K-value. (2) : :, α. α (3)., (3). α α (4) (4).

More information

-, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF, BSF -, rrna, BSF.

-, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF, BSF -, rrna, BSF. 1. 2010 6 1, 2 4 Ⅰ,Ⅱ 2013,, -,. - Human Cell.. -,., Biosand Filter(BSF) - BSF Main Filtering (Biofilm) BSF, BSF ( ),. -, BSF BSF. - BSF BSF ( ),,. BSF -,,,. - BSF,. -. -. -. - 2. BSF -, rrna, BSF. 2. -

More information

학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Suffici

학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Suffici 학술원논문집 ( 자연과학편 ) 제 50 집 2 호 (2011) 97-137 콩의식품적의의및생산수급과식용콩의자급향상 李弘䄷 * 李英豪 ** 李錫河 *** * Significance of Soybean as Food and Strategies for Self Sufficiency Improvement Hong Suk Lee*, Yeong-Ho Lee**, and

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 185-194 (2015) Open Access http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2015.19.3.185 Online ISSN 2287-2051 Print ISSN 1226-6183 ORIGINAL ARTICLES / RESIDUE HPLC-DAD/MS

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 맥문동 ( 麥門冬 ) Liriopis Tuber 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 맥문동 ( 麥門冬 ) Liriopis Tuber 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 맥문동 ( 麥門冬 ) Liriopis Tuber 생약연구과 Fig.1 ( ) ( ) Table 1. The origin of the Liriopis Tuber in KP, ChP and JP β α β α βα αβ α aster saponin Hb methyl ester H H H H H H H liriope glycoside Lm-3

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

저작자표시 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원

저작자표시 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원 저작자표시 - 동일조건변경허락 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 이차적저작물을작성할수있습니다. 이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 동일조건변경허락. 귀하가이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공했을경우에는, 이저작물과동일한이용허락조건하에서만배포할수있습니다.

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

(01) hwp

(01) hwp Journal of Life Science 2013 Vol. 23. No. 2. 157~166 ISSN (Print) 1225-9918 ISSN (Online) 2287-3406 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2013.23.2.157 α μ δ κ 158 생명과학회지 2013, Vol. 23. No. 2 Journal of

More information

8-VSB (Vestigial Sideband Modulation)., (Carrier Phase Offset, CPO) (Timing Frequency Offset),. VSB, 8-PAM(pulse amplitude modulation,, ) DC 1.25V, [2

8-VSB (Vestigial Sideband Modulation)., (Carrier Phase Offset, CPO) (Timing Frequency Offset),. VSB, 8-PAM(pulse amplitude modulation,, ) DC 1.25V, [2 VSB a), a) An Alternative Carrier Phase Independent Symbol Timing Offset Estimation Methods for VSB Receivers Sung Soo Shin a) and Joon Tae Kim a) VSB. VSB.,,., VSB,. Abstract In this paper, we propose

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 23-29 (2016) Open Access http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.1.23 Online ISSN 2287-2051 Print ISSN 1226-6183 ORIGINAL ARTICLES / RESIDUE 유통수삼중잔류농약모니터링및안전성평가

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 276), 504511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.504 ISSN 1226-3133 Print)ISSN 2288-226X Online) Near-Field

More information

04-ƯÁý2b71Ú°æ½Äš

04-ƯÁý2b71Ú°æ½Äš Safety Evaluation and Signal Analysis of Health/Functional Foods Kyoung Sik Park Nutrition&Functional Food Standardization Division, KFDA 1. Corresponding author : Kyoung Sik Park Tel : 02-380-1317 E-mail

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

00º½Çмú-¾Õ

00º½Çмú-¾Õ 547-8( 307 ) TEL (02)458-3078, 3079 / FAX (02)458-3047, 3077 NICE , (),, ( 1) NICE 1. Biochemical Engineering in 21st Century in the era of Life Science and Technology 09:00 ~ 09:15 Opening Remarks: President

More information

- 1 -

- 1 - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 장비구성 : - 5 - - 6 - 치 - 7 - μ - 8 - - 9 - 고체흡착관의안정화방법및기기 (Tube conditioner) - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - 전기냉각저온농축장치 (TD) GC/FPD - 18 - GC/FID Headspace

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Statistical Data of Dementia.

Statistical Data of Dementia. Screening of Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors from Medicinal Plants. Lee Si-young, Lee Jung-han, Paik Young-Sook College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University. Statistical Data of Dementia.

More information

<31302D34382DC0E5B9AEC0CD2DB1B3C3BC2DBFCF28C0FCC8AD292D782E687770>

<31302D34382DC0E5B9AEC0CD2DB1B3C3BC2DBFCF28C0FCC8AD292D782E687770> Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric. 2015;34(4):318-327. Korean Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Published online 2015 December 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2015.34.4.48 Print

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

歯140김광락.PDF

歯140김광락.PDF 2001 / Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes/Helium Using Gas Chromatography,,,, 150 196 C / He, H 2 D 2 Abstract In the hydrogen isotope facility and the fuel cycle of the fusion reactor, an effective means

More information

< C1B6C0FD5FC7D1BCBABCF62E687770>

< C1B6C0FD5FC7D1BCBABCF62E687770> 한국환경농학회지제26권제3 호 (2007) Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 246-253 연구보문 ph조절분배추출에의한식물체중 Methoxyfenozide와 Bentazone 의 HPLC 분석 노석초 황철환 유기용 한성수 * 원광대학교생명환경학부 (2007년 7월 4 일접수,

More information

<313430333033C6AFC1FD28C3E0B1B8292E687770>

<313430333033C6AFC1FD28C3E0B1B8292E687770> 스포츠와 물리학: 구기운동 안티-싸커 와 간접-축구 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.23.005 이 인 호 Anti-soccer and Indirect Soccer 편성은 없다고 장담한다. 벨기에(FIFA 랭킹 11위), 러시아 (FIFA 랭킹 22위), 알제리(FIFA 랭킹 26위), 그리고 한국(FIFA 랭킹 61위)으로 이어지는 H조 편성 결과이다. 이

More information

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 11-1480523-000748-01 배경지역 ( 백령도 ) 에서의 대기오염물질특성연구 (Ⅲ) 기후대기연구부대기환경연구과,,,,,,, Ⅲ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목차 Ⅳ ii 목차 iii 목차 iv 목차 μg m3 μg m3 v 목차 vi Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ μm μg m3 1 Ⅰ. 서론 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μm 2

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

03 장태헌.hwp

03 장태헌.hwp THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2013 Aug.; 24(8), 772 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.8.772 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) HEMP

More information

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식 ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo

More information

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.

More information

08김현휘_ok.hwp

08김현휘_ok.hwp (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel

More information

<C7D1BDC4BFAC20B1E8B5BFBCF6B9DABBE7B4D4676C75636F20C3D6C1BE5B315D2E687770>

<C7D1BDC4BFAC20B1E8B5BFBCF6B9DABBE7B4D4676C75636F20C3D6C1BE5B315D2E687770> Glucomannan 을이용한 기능성소재화연구 Study on the Functional and Processing Properties of Glucomannan for Food Material 연구기관 한국식품개발연구원 농림부 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

10(3)-10.fm

10(3)-10.fm w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information