대구외지 2003;29: 있고, 같은실험을반복할수있으며, 살아있는상태에서의세포내대사작용을연구할수있을뿐만아니라체내에서불가능한여러가지조작이가능하다는장점이있다 2). 그러나종래의상피세포배양방법은배양세포주변결체조직의결여에의해배양세포 - 결체조직상호작용이없고 3-5
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1 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용한구강점막의조직공학적재건 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용한구강점막의조직공학적재건 문선재 * + 주소연 ** + 김진 ** + 김학용 *** 박정극 **** 차인호 * + 연세대학교치과대학구강악안면외과학교실 *, 구강병리학교실 **, 구강종양연구소 +, 전북대학교섬유공학과 ***, 동국대학교화학공학과 **** Abstract (J. Kor. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2003;29: ) TISSUE-ENGINEERED RECONSTITUTION OF ORAL MUCOSA USING POLYDIOXANONE MESH Seon-Jae Moon* +, So-Yeon Joo** +, Jin Kim** +, Hak-Yong Kim***, Jung-Keug Park****, In-Ho Cha* + Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery*, Dept. of Oral Pathology**, Oral cancer research institute +, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Dept. of Textile Engineering, Chonbuk University***, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Dongguk University**** The lack of sufficient oral mucosa available for intra-oral reconstruction has been dealt with by the use of skin or oral mucosa grafts harvested from donor sites but grafts requires more than one surgical procedures and could cause donor site morbidity. Many investigators have attempted to increase available soft tissue by tissue engineered skin or oral mucosa replacements for clinical applications. But, reconstructed mucosa by several methods have low physical properties such as rolling and contraction. The aims of this study were to develope an in vitro experimental model that maintains an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction by organotypic raft culture, and to characterize biologic properties of three-dimensionally cultured oral mucosa embedded with Polydioxanone mesh by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The results were as follows; 1. Oral mucosa reconstructed by three-dimensional organotypic culture revealed similar morphologic characteristics to equvalent normal oral mucosa in the point that they show stratification and differentiation. 2. The expression of cytokeratin 10/13 and involucrin in the cultured tissue showed the same pattern with normal oral mucosa suggesting that organotypic co-culture condition is able to induce cellular differentiation. 3. After insertion of polydioxanone mesh, increased tensile strength were observed. These results suggest that three-dimensional organotypic co-culture of the oral mucosa cell lines with the dermal equvalent consisting type I collagen and fibroblasts reproduce the morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics similar to those in vivo condition. And increased physical properties by use of polydioxanone mesh will helpful for clinical applications. Key words : Polydioxanone, Oral mucosa, Three-dimensional culture Ⅰ. 서론 지금까지외상이나외과적절제술로인한구강내결손부에대 차인호 , 서울시서대문구신촌동 134 연세대학교치과대학구강악안면외과학교실 In-Ho Cha Dept of OMFS. College of Dentistry, Yonsei University 134, Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, , Korea Tel Fax cha8764@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr 한조직이식에는주로피부이식 (skin graft) 이나구강점막이식을이용해왔다. 그러나이러한방법들은한번이상의외과적술식이필요하며공여부위의문제점이남게된다. 또한, 피부는부속기관을가지며구강점막과는다른각화형태를갖는다는단점이있어구강내로의이식에어려움이있다. 이러한문제점을해결하기위하여최근에는조직공학적인연구가활발히진행되고있다. Rheinwald 와 Green 이최초로인간각화상피의배양에관한연구를보고한이후로 1) 세포배양법에대한다양한연구들이진행되어왔다. 세포배양을이용한연구는세포를충분히얻을수 본연구는보건복지부보건의료기술연구개발사업 (02-PJI-PG ) 과산업자원부신기술실용화기술개발사업 ( ) 의지원에의해이루어진것임. 249
2 대구외지 2003;29: 있고, 같은실험을반복할수있으며, 살아있는상태에서의세포내대사작용을연구할수있을뿐만아니라체내에서불가능한여러가지조작이가능하다는장점이있다 2). 그러나종래의상피세포배양방법은배양세포주변결체조직의결여에의해배양세포 - 결체조직상호작용이없고 3-5), 기저막의소실로인해세포 - 결체조직간의상호작용이소실됨으로써생체와유사한극성을가질수없으며 6), 단층배양시배지아래에서성장함에따라생체와같은대기접촉이소실되어배양세포의분화가유도되지않는다 7). 최근배양접시바닥에 laminin, type IV collagen 등의세포외기질을도포하는방법이소개되기도했으나상피세포의부착과증식에는도움이되지만분화의유도나중층형성 (stratification) 은이루어지지않았다 8,9). 또한, 사체에서만들어진진피조직이이용되기도하였으나 4), 이는재료가제한되고일관된실험결과를얻기어렵다는점때문에최근에는제 1 형교원질을이용한연구모델의개발이활발히이루어지고있다 10-12). 이러한세포배양법을이용한조직공학적연구는주로화상환자에대한피부의재건을목적으로발전되어왔으나, 구강점막의재건에관한연구는미비한실정이다. 다양한술식을통해 3 차원적으로재건된상피또는구강점막의임상적적용시에조직의수축이나물리적강도의결여는시술의성공률에영향을미치는중요한인자로, 이러한단점을보완하기위하여사체로부터얻은진피를이용하거나 13), 여러가지생체친화성 (biocompatible) 골격들의사용이연구되고있다. 본연구는제 1 형교원질, 섬유모세포를이용한결체조직으로구성된진피유사체와대기접촉을유지할수있는배양조건을제공하는 organotypic co-culture 를이용하여구강점막조직의삼차원적재생방법을확립하고, 여기에 Polydioxanone mesh 를삽입하여물리적성질을강화한새로운모델을제시하여그임상적효용성을높이고자하였다. 또한, 분화및염색표지자에대한면역조직화학적염색을시행한결과를정상구강점막과비교분석함으로써생체와유사한성장환경을제공할수있는지검증하고자하였다. Ⅱ. 연구재료및방법 2. 구강점막상피의일차배양 NIH 3T3 섬유세포를 10% 우태아혈청 (FBS) 이포함된 DMEM(GIBCO BRL, U.S.A.) 과 F12(GIBCO BRL, U.S.A.) 혼합배지에서배양하여 80 90% 정도자라면 0.4mg/ml mitomysin C(Sigma Chemical co., U.S.A.) 를 90분간처리하고, phosphate buffered saline(pbs) 로세척한후 0.125% trypsin/edta(gibco BRL, U.S.A.) 처리하여각배양접시에 /100 mm의세포를분주하여 feeder를제작하였다. 구강상피조직은제3대구치발거시염증이없는부위를환자동의하에채득한후 PBS로 3회이상세척하고, 1 2mm 크기로잘게잘라 0.15% collagenage-dispase(boehringer Mannheim, Germany) 로 1시간처리하였다. 입체현미경하에서상피와결체조직을조직겸자로분리한후상피는 0.25% trypsin/edta 용액에 15분간처리하여원심분리하였다. 상피세포를모아 feeder layer 에분주하고, 배지는 3일마다교환해주며 70 80% 풍성하게자라면냉동보관또는계대배양을하였다. 배지는 DMEM과 F12를 3 : 1로혼합하여사용하였고, 10% FBS(Hyclon, UT, U.S.A.) 와 0.4 μg/ml hydrocortison, 5 μg/ml insulin(boehringer Mannheim, Germany), M cholera toxin, 5 μg/ml human transferrin(sigma Chemical Co., U.S.A.), M 3-5-triodo-L-thyronine, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor(hegf, Sigma Chemical, U.S.A.) 가포함되도록하였다. 3. Organotypic Co-culture 구강상피조직의삼차원적재건을위해제 1 형교원질과섬유모세포로구성된진피유사체를형성하였다. 제 1 형교원질 (Nitta Gelatin Co., Japan) 과중화완충액 (2.2g NaHCO3, 4.77g HEP- ES in 0.05 N NaOH 100 ml), 10 배농축배지를각각 8:1:1 로혼합한후 /ml 의 3T3 섬유모세포를첨가하였다. 이들을아래쪽이투과막으로구성된 12 mm millicell(millipore Co., U.S.A.) 에 113 μl 분주하고 37 배양기에서 1 시간중합시켜하부결체조직을형성하였다. 이때, millicell 상방에전처리된 PDS mesh 를위치시켜 1. Polydioxanone(PDS) non-woven mesh 의제작 PDS mesh 는전북대학교섬유공학과김학용교수가제작한것으로 poly(p-dioxanone) chip 을 240 에서전기방적 (electrospinning) 하였다. 평균 pore size 는 μm 이며 mesh 의두께는약 1mm 이다. 거시적인구조를관찰하기위하여 scanning electron microscopy 를시행하였다. 본연구에서는세포배양을위하여가스소독을시행하였으며세포의부착을돕기위하여 100% 알콜에서증류수까지순차적으로함수하였다. Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the organotypic coculture system 250
3 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용한구강점막의조직공학적재건 진피유사체에포함되도록하였다 (Fig. 1). 또한, 제 1 형교원질양을 226, 113, 90.4, 56.5 μl 로조절하여각각 2, 1, 0.8, 0.5 mm 두께의조직을제작한후현미경적소견을관찰하여최적의조직두께를결정하기로하였다. 형성된하부결체조직상부에일차배양상피를 /well 로분주하고, 일차배양시와같은배지를첨가하여 7 일간배양하여상피가결체조직에부착하도록하였다. 상피부착후상층배지를제거하여상피를대기에노출시켰으며, 배양배지는 2 일마다교환하였다. 총 21 일간배양후재건된상피조직은하부결체조직과함께광학현미경및면역조직화학적관찰에사용하였다. 또한인장강도검사를위해 30 mm millicell 을같은조건으로준비하였다. 4. 인장강도 (tensile strength) 검사 30mm millicell 에 PDS mesh 와함께배양된조직은상온에서 Texture analyser, TA-XT2(Stable microsystem, UK) 를이용하여인장강도검사를시행하였다. 대조군으로 PDS mesh 를삽입하지않은조직이사용되었다 mm 의절편을이용하였고, extension rate 는 5 mm/min 으로하였다. 5. 재건된구강점막조직의광학현미경관찰 PDS mesh 를이용해재건된구강점막조직은 1, 2, 3 주간배양하여 10% 중성포르말린에 12 시간이상고정하고파라핀에포매한후 4 μm 의연속절편을만들었다. 각절편은 Hematoxylen- Eosin(H-E) 염색하여광학현미경으로조직학적구조와상피분화를관찰하였다. 조직학적으로기저세포층의책상배열 (palisading) 과극성, 극세포층의형성등을정상구강점막의소견과비교검토함으로써삼차원적배양이생체조건과유사한배양환경을제공했는지관찰하였다. 6. 재건된구강점막조직의면역조직화학염색 1, 2, 3 주간배양된조직은파라핀에포매후 4 μm 의연속절편을얻어 xylene 에서 3 회처리하여파라핀을제거하고 95%, 90%, 70% ethanol 에서순차적으로함수하였다. 0.5% hydrogen peroxide 에서 endogenous peroxidase 를제거한후정상 goat serum 으로 30 분간처리하고일차항체를 3% BSA(bovin serum albumin) 가포함된 PBS 에희석하여 3 시간동안반응시켰다. 상피분화표지자로써 cytokerati(ck) 10/13(Dako, Denmark), involucrin(santa Cruz, USA), vimentin(dako, Denmark) 을이용하였다. 일차항체반응후 Tris-buffer saline(tbs) 에서 3 번세척하고 3% BSA 에희석한 5 μ g/ml biotinylated anti-mouse/anti-rabbit IgG 에 30 분간반응시키고 3 회 TBS 에서세척하였다. 3 μg/ml horseradish peroxidase streptavidin 에서 30 분간방치시키고 DAB 와 hydrogen peroxide 를이용하여발색한후 Mayer s hematoxylin 에서대조염색하여광학현미경으로관찰하였다. 대조군으로점막하층이포함된정상점막 조직을이용하였고일차항체를반응시키지않고염색한조직을음성대조군으로사용하였다. Ⅲ. 결과 1. 정상구강점막상피의일차배양 3T3 feeder 에서일차배양한정상구강점막상피는 4 5 일째세포가부착하여증식을시작하였고, 1 주일째에는 개의세포로이루어진군집 (colony) 을형성하였다. 약 10 일후에는육안으로뚜렷이관찰할수있는군집을형성하였으며, 점차군집은주변의 feeder 를밀어내면서커져약 14 일후에는서로융합하였다. 지름 100 mm 의배양접시의경우세포가꽉찼을때약 의상피세포로구성되어있었다. 활발히세포증식을하는일차배양구강점막상피는세포간의경계가명확하였고, 핵인이뚜렷이관찰되었다. 2. 재건된조직의조직학적평가 제 1 형교원질과섬유세포로구성된진피유사체상에서대기접촉하에 3 주간배양된상피는정상구강점막상피와유사하게중층상피층이형성되어, 1 2 층의기저세포층, 5 6 층의극세포층과각질을형성하며탈락하는부전각화층으로분화되어있었다. 1 주에서는납작한핵모양을갖는 3 4 개의상피층이관찰되었고 (Fig. 2-a), 2 주에서는기저층부위에서는납작하고위로갈수록크고둥근핵을보이며 8 9 개의상피층을보였으며 (Fig. 2- b), 3 주에는 2 주에비해층이다소줄어들었고다소크고 pore 를갖는세포들이관찰되었다 (Fig. 2-c). 또한 2, 1, 0.8, 0.5 mm 의두께로제작된조직중 1 mm 에서가장뚜렷한중층화가관찰되었다. 3. 인장강도검사 Texture analyser, TA-XT2(Stable microsystem, UK) 를이용한검사에서 PDS mesh 를삽입한군은평균인장강도가 MPa 이었고, 삽입하지않은대조군에서는 MPa 로나타났다 (Table 1). Table 1. Tensile strength test 251
4 대구외지 2003;29: Table 2. The expression of various markers on normal oral mucosa and reconstituted tissue Epidermis Dermis CK 10/13 Involucrin Vimentin PDS 1w PDS 2w PDS 3w Normal OM : Presence - : Absence PDS : polydioxanone OM : oral mucosa CK : cytokeratin 4. 면역조직화학적평가 4.1. Cytokeratin 10/13 정상구강점막상피는기저세포층및기저상층을제외한상부세포층에서모두양성으로발현되었고 (Fig. 3-a) 재건된조직에서도마찬가지로한층의기저세포층과일부기저바로상층에서음성반응을보였고그상방상피층에서는모두 cytokeratin 10/13 이발현되었다. 1 주간배양한조직은 cytokeratin 이약하게발현되나약한편이고 2 주, 3 주로갈수록분화층이넓어지고 cell-cell junction 이명확해지는경향을보였다. 상피하방으로는삽입한 PDS mesh 가관찰되었고그주위에이물반응은없었다 (Fig. 3-b) Involucrin 정상구강상피에서는기저세포층을제외한모든층에서양성반응을나타냈으며 (Fig. 4-a), 재건된조직에서는기저세포층에서는염색되지않았고분화가일어나는기저상층에서부터표층까지는강양성으로염색되었다. 또한분화층과미분화층이명확히구분되었다 (Fig. 4-b) Vimentin 정상구강상피에서는세포질부위에강하게염색되었으나 (Fig. 5-a), 재건된조직에서는 1, 2, 3 주모두에서섬유모세포에만염색이되었고나머지부분은염색되지않았다 (Fig. 5-b). Ⅳ. 고찰 외상이나구강종양의적출에따른구강점막의결손이나보철전처치방법으로구강전정성형술의필요성등에의해다량의구강점막이식이필요한경우에는주로피부이식이나구강내다른부위의점막이식을이용하여왔다. 최근에구강점막상피 의삼차원적배양과그특성에관한연구가진행되었으나 14), 임상적적용시에물리적성질의결여로조작이어렵고조직의말림과수축등의문제점이지적되었다. 물리적성질을개선시키기위해 Paul 등 15) 은배양된상피조직을부분층판막위에적용하였으나, 이는이차적인공여부의문제점을남기게된다. Izumi 등 13) 은사체로부터얻은진피위에각화상피세포를배양하여물리적강도를높이고자하였으나실제이용에제한이많다는단점이있다. Dirk 등 16) 은생분해성골격인 hyaluronan 위에자가각화상피를배양하여광범위한연조직손상을받은환자에적용한후만족할만한결과를얻었다고보고하였다. 그외에도제 1 형교원질, nylon mesh, gelatin coating 등의이용도보고되었다 17-19). 본연구에서는물리적성질의개선을위해 Polydioxanone 을생분해성골격으로사용하였다. Polydioxanone 은유연성이있고조작이쉬우며최소한의조직반응을보이는생분해성물질로써, 주로흡수성봉합사나 plate, screw 로이용되어왔다 20). Molear 등 21) 은세가지흡수성봉합사물질 (Polydioxanone, Poliglecaprone 25, Glycomer 631) 의생체친화성및흡수기간에대한비교연구에서 Polydioxanone 이흡수율은다소낮으나훌륭한생체친화성을보였다고보고하였다. 상피의물리적특성에대해 Vidik 은피부의노화에관한 in vivo 및 in vitro 상의평가에서피부의강도에관해, Leveque 등은피부의점탄성도를측정하는방법에대해보고하였다. Vogel 22) 은상피의두께측정이외에도최대부하, 인장강도, 최대신장및탄성율의측정에대한연구에서물리적성질의다양한측정방법을제시하였다. 본연구에서 Polydioxanone mesh 를삽입한후재건된구강점막은인장강도가삽입하지않은대조군에비하여 3 배정도증가한것으로보아 Polydioxanone mesh 도생분해성골격물질로이용할수있을것으로사료된다. 상피세포의배양을위해서는생체와유사한상태를재현하는것이필수적이다. 지금까지충분한양의상피세포를얻기위해일차배양법이많이이용되었으나, 일차배양은상피의각질분화가일어나지않고단층으로성장하여정상생체조직과는많은차이가있다. 이것은종래의일차배양법이상피의성장과분화를조절하는상피 - 결체상호작용이결여되어있고, 배지하방에서세포를배양함에따라대기와접촉하는생체와는다른성장조건이었기때문이다. 이러한한계를극복하기위해최근에는진피유사체를이용하여상피의삼차원적재건을위한시도가활발히이루어지고있다. Tsunenaga 등은제 1 형교원질과섬유모세포로인공결체조직을구성해주고피부상피세포를 organotypic culture 한결과 in vivo 상태와유사한기저세포층, 극세포층, 각화층의삼차원적상피가얻어졌다고보고하였다. Rebel 등은방광점막을이용하여삼차원적 collagen gel culture 를시행한실험에서섬유모세포와 collagen gel 사이의상호작용이방광상피의분화를유도한것이라고주장하였다. Fujiyama 등은제 1 형교원질과섬유모세포로하부결체조직을형성한후방광점막상피를배양하였을때, 여러층의 transitional cell 이자라고기저세포층에극성이재현되는것을확인하였다. 본실험에서는최적의조직두께를결정하기위하여 millicell 내 252
5 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용한구강점막의조직공학적재건 의제 1 형교원질의양을조절하였다. 제작된 2, 1, 0.8, 0.5 mm 두께의조직중 1 mm 두께에서광학현미경관찰시구강점막과가장유사한양상을보였으며뚜렷한중층화가관찰되었다. 이는하부조직으로부터의적절한영양공급에의한것으로사료된다. 면역조직화학적검사에서일차항체로사용된 Cytokeratin 10/13 은 53kD, 56.5kD 의 cytokeratin 과반응하는항체로각화중층상피와비각화중층상피에서미분화된기저세포층을제외한분화층에발현된다고알려져있다. 본연구에서는강양성으로발현하여재건된상피세포가각질세포기원임을보여주었다. Involucrin 은세포질내에존재하는수용성단백질로 keratin 의전구물질로여겨지는단백질이다. 이는분열과증식을하는기저세포층에는존재하지않고극세포층과과립층에서발현된다. 본연구에서는재건된조직의상층부에서발현하여증식과분화를유지하고있음을알수있었다. Vimentin 은간엽세포기원 (mesenchymal origin) 의 57kD 중간세사 (intermediate filament) 와반응하는항체로내피세포 (endothelial cell), 섬유모세포 (fibroblast), 평활근 (smooth muscle) 등에서발현된다고알려져있다 23). 본연구에서는정상조직에비해약한발현양상을보였다. 이것은진피유사체제작시실제정상진피조직보다적은수의섬유모세포가사용되었고, 한부위의절편에서나타나는섬유모세포가정상조직에비해적었기때문인것으로사료된다. 본실험에서는구강점막상피세포를제 1 형교원질과섬유모세포로구성된진피유사체상에서배양시에물리적성질의향상을위하여 Polydioxanone mesh 를삽입한후, 대기접촉환경을제공하는 organotypic co-culture 를이용하여새로운구강점막을조직공학적으로재건하였다. 재건된조직은조직학적소견상정상조직과유사한형태학적특징을보이며, 면역조직화학염색에서증식과분화를유지하고있는것으로보아, 본실험모델이생체와유사한환경을제공한것으로사료되었다. 그러나구강점막조직이식시실제적으로유용한재료를개발하기위해서는생체조직과보다유사한환경의재현과물리적성질의개선을위한지속적연구가요구된다. Ⅴ. 결론 본연구에서는구강점막상피세포를진피유사체상에서대기접촉환경을제공하는 organotypic co-culture 를이용하여조직공학적으로배양시에물리적성질의향상을위하여 Polydioxanone mesh 를삽입한후광학현미경검사를통한형태학적특성과면역조직화학염색을통한생물학적특성을정상구강점막상피와비교분석한결과다음과같은결론을얻었다. 1. 조직공학적으로재건된구강점막에서도정상구강점막상피와유사한중층화와분화가관찰되었으며, 1 mm 두께의조직에서가장뚜렷한중층화가관찰되었다. 2. 면역조직화학적검사결과분화표지자인 Involucrin 은상층부에서발현하여증식과분화를유지하고있음을알수있었고, Cytokeratin 10/13 은강양성으로발현하여재건된상피세포가각질세포기원임을보여주었다. 그러나 Vimentin 은발현되지않았다. 3. Polydioxanone mesh 의삽입후인장강도가 3 배정도증가하였다. 이상의결과로 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용하여조직공학적으로재건된구강점막상피는생체와유사한형태학적및생물학적특징을나타내며, 물리적성질이향상되어구강내조직이식시유용한재료로활용될수있을것으로사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Rheinwald JG, Green H : Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells. Cell 6: , Freshney RI : Culture of animal cells. A manual of basic technique. New York, Wiley-Liss, Levine JF, Stockdale EF : Cell-cell interactions promote mammary epithelial cell differentiation. J Cell Biol 100: , Boyce ST, Hansbrough JF : Biologic attachment, growth, and differentiation of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes on a graftable collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate. Surgery 103: , Shahabeddin L, Berthod F, Damour O, Collombel C : Characterization of skin reconstructed on a chitosan-cross-linked collagen glycosaminoglycan matrix. Skin Phamacol 3: , Sabatini DD, Griepp EB, Rodriguez-Boulan EJ, Dolan WJ, Robins ES, Papadopoulos S, Ivanov IE, Rinder MJ : Biogenesis of epithelial cell polarity. Mod Cell Biol 2: , Oda D, Savard CE, Eng L, Lee SP : The effect of N-methyl-N - mitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on cultured dog pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Pancreas 12: , Surtherland RM : Cell and environment interactions in tumor microregions: the multicell spheroid model. Science 240: , Toillier J, Dumas H, Tardy M, Tayot JL : Fibroblast behavior on gels of type I, III, and IV human placental collagens. Exp Cell Res 191:95-104, Hoffman RM : Three dimensional histoculture: origins and applications in cancer research. Cancer Cell 3:86-92, Robins KT, Varki NM, Storniolo AM, Hoffman H, Hoffman RM : Drug response of head and neck tumors in native-state histoculture. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:83-86, Robins KT, Connors KM, Storniolo AM, Hanchett C, Hoffman RM : Sponge-gel supported histoculture drug response assay for head and neck cancer. Correlations with clinical response to cisplatin. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120: , Izumi K, Terashi H, Marcelo CL, Feinberg SE : Development and characterization of a tissue-engineered human oralmucosa equvalent produced in a serum-free culture system. J Dent Res 79(3): , 차인호, 육종인, 손영숙, 이은하, 정소영, 김경주, 김진 : 구강점막각화상피의삼차원적배양과재건된조직의생물학적특성. 대한병리학회지 34: , Paul W, Ronald GD, Michael S : The effect of a tissue engineered bilayered living skin analog, over meshed split-thickness autografts on the healing of excised burn wounds. Burns 26: , Dirk AH, Cario S, Stefan F, Joachim W : Extensive traumatic soft tissue loss: Reconstruction in severely injured patients using cultured Hyaluronan-based three dimensional dermal and epidermal autografts. J Trauma 50: , Fleischmajer R, MacDonald EDII, Contard P, Perlish JS : Immunochemistry of a keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture model for reconstruction of human skin. J Histochem Cytochem 41: , 253
6 대구외지 2003;29: Raymund EH, Markus D, Gilbert W, Bjoern S : Cultured human keratinocytes on type I collagen menbranes to reconstitute the epidermis. Tissue Engineering 6(1):53-67, Choi YS, Hong SR, Lee YM, Song KW, Park MH, Nam YS : Studies on gelatin-containing artificial skin: II. Preparation and characterization of cross-linked gelatin-hyaluronate sponge. J Biomed Mater Res 48: , Teebken OE, Pichmaier AM, Haverich A : Cell seeded decellularised allogeneic matrix grafts and biodegradable Polydioxanone-prostheses compared with arterial autografts in a porcine model. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22: , Molea G, Schonauer F, Bifulco G, D Angelo D : Comparative study on biocompatibility and absorption time of three absorbable monofilament suture materials(polydioxanone, Poliglecaprone 25, Glycomer 631). British J Plastic Surg 53: , Vogel HG : Mechanical measurements of skin. Acta Derm Venereol 185:39-43, Osborn M, Debus E, Weber K : Monoclonal antibodies specific for vimentin. Eur J Cell Biol ,
7 Polydioxanone mesh 를이용한구강점막의조직공학적재건 사진부도 1 Fig. 2-a. Histologic findings of raft culture (1 week) 3 4 layered epithelium shows flattened nuclear shape (H&E, 40) Fig. 2-b. Histologic findings of raft culture (2 week) 8 9 layered epithelium shows more round nuclear shape with basal cell polarity and parakeratosis (H&E, 40) Fig. 2-c. Histologic findings of raft culture (3 week) Decreased layered epithelium shows increased cell size and pore with basal cell polarity and parakeratosis (H&E, 40) Fig. 3-a. Normal oral mucosa The cytokeratin 10/13 expression is found in the entire layer except for basal cell and suprabasal cell layers (CK10/13, 20) Fig. 3-b. Raft culture tissue with PDS mesh The cytokeratin 10/13 is distributed showing the same pattern with normal oral mucosa (CK10/13, 40) 255
8 대구외지 2003;29: 사진부도 2 Fig. 4-a. Normal oral mucosa The involucrin expression is demonstrated in the entire layer except for basal cell layers (Involucrin, 20) Fig. 4-b. Raft culture tissue with PDS mesh The involucrin is distributed showing the same pattern with normal oral mucosa (Involucrin, 40) Fig. 5-a. Normal oral mucosa The vimentin expression is found in the cytoplasm and fibroblast (Vimentin, 20) Fig. 5-b. Raft culture tissue with PDS mesh The vimentin expression is rarely found in fibroblast (Vimentin, 40) 256
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