Digital Representation of Geographic Data

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1 Address Map Rendering Jinmu Choi Geography Kyung Hee University

2 Table of Contents Rendering a Map Map Scale Geometry Generalization with Scale Dynamic Symbolization with Scale Multiscale Rendering for Buildings and Rivers Address Map Projects Future Research Plans

3 Rendering a Map

Rendering In Computer Graphics, Rendering is the process of

collectively could be called a scene file), by means of

(WIKIPEDIA) In Cartography, The process of rendering a map

4 Rendering In Computer Graphics, Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file), by means of computer programs. (WIKIPEDIA) In Cartography, The process of rendering a map generally means taking raw geospatial data and making a visual map from it. (Wiki.openstreetmap.org) Rendering = Mapmaking

5 Map Design Process(Slocum et al. 2007) 1. Determine how the map will be reproduced 2. Select a scale, generalization method, and map projection 3. Determine methods for data symbolization and classification 4. Select map elements 5. Establish a ranking of symbols and map elements 6. Create a sketch map

6 Key Issue of Map Design Map Scale Tile Map and Thematic Map for each Level Symbolization Symbol for Features Symbol for Labels Generalization Generalization for Feature Geometry 심볼화 지도축척 일반화

7 Map Scale 단계 daum naver openstreetma p google map range 1 1:830,000,000 1:900,000,000~1:600,000, :417,000,000 1:600,000,000~1:300,000, :200,000,000 1:180,000,000 1:300,000,000~1:100,000, :83,000,000 1:90,000,000 1:100,000,000~1:60,000, :41,700,000 1:45,000,000 1:60,000,000~1:30,000, :20,000,000 1:23,000,000 1:30,000,000~1:15,000, :10,240,000 1:10,925,000 1:10,000,000 1:10,000,000 1:15,000,000~1:7,500, :5,120,000 1:5,500,000 1:5,000,000 1:5,000,000 1:7,500,000~1:3,700, :2,560,000 1:2,700,000 1:2,500,000 1:2,500,000 1:3,700,000~1:1,900, :1,280,000 1:1,400,000 1:1,300,000 1:1,300,000 1:1,900,000~1:900, :640,000 1:683,000 1:670,000 1:670,000 1:900,000~1:500, :320,000 1:341,700 1:330,000 1:300,000 1:500,000~1:250, :160,000 1:166,700 1:160,000 1:160,000 1:250,000~1:100, :80,000 1:83,000 1:83,000 1:83,000 1:100,000~1:60, :40,000 1:42,600 1:41,000 1:42,000 1:60,000~1:30, :20,000 1:21,300 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:30,000~1:15, :10,000 1:10,700 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:15,000~1:7, :5,000 1:5,300 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:7,500~1:3, :2,500 1:2,700 1:2,500 1:2,500 1:3,750~1:1, :1,250 1:1,300 1:1,300 1:1,800~1:1,000

8 Cartographic Generalization The process of reducing the amount of data and adjusting the information to the given scale 10 Generalization Operators Simplification Merging Smoothing Refinement Aggregation Exaggeration Amalgamation Enhancement Collapse Displacement

9 Collapse The process of reducing a feature dimension Scale Range > 1k 1k - 24k 24k - 100k < 100k Road Line Line Line Line River Polygon Polygon/Line Line Line Building Polygon Polygon/Point Point Point 1:700 1:5k 1:50k Display Scale 1:1k 1:24k 1:100k Scale Range

10 Multiple Symbols Geometry and symbols Different geometry types need different symbols Same geometry types may need multiple symbols based on the visual scale Multiple symbols Current GIS stores symbols as a symbol file To store multiple symbols with scale range, this study proposes symbol knowledge base

11 Symbol Knowledge base(choi, 2008) Point Table Line Table Polygon Table Feature Name Feature Name Feature Name Use point for max Use_Max_scale Use_Max_scale Use_Max_scale Point Style From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Point Style Point Color Point Size Use_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Line Style Line Color Line Size Use_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Use Polygon Polygon Style Polygon Color Outline Type Outline Width Use_Max_scale Point Color Point Size Criteria Column Criteria Value Use point for mid Point Style Point Color Point Size Point Style Point Color Point Size Use_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Point Style Point Color Point Size Line Style Line Color Line Size Use_Max_scale From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Line Style Line Color Line Size From_Max_scale To_Max_scale Use Polygon Polygon Style Polygon Color Outline Type Outline Width Use_Max_scale From_Max_scale Criteria Column Criteria Value Use point for min Point Style Point Color Point Size Criteria Column Criteria Value To_Max_scale Use Polygon Polygon Style Polygon Color Outline Type Outline Width

12 Multiscale Rendering for Buildings and Rivers

13 Multiscale Symbols Feature Class Building River Large Scale Range 1 : 1 K ~ 1 : 3 K 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 10 K Use Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Style Solid Fill Solid Fill Polygon Color Red Cyan Outline Type Solid Line Solid Line Outline Width 1 1 Medium Scale Range 1 : 3 K ~ 1 : 6 K 1 : 10 ~ 1 : 24 K Use Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Style Solid Fill Solid Fill Polygon Color Blue Cyan Outline Type Solid Line Solid Line Outline Width 1 1 Small Scale Range 1 : 6 K ~ 1 : 50 K 1 : 24 ~ 1 : 100 K Use Polygon No No Polygon Style Polygon Color Outline Type Outline Width Feature Class Building River Point (Line) for Large Scale No Point (Line) Style Point (Line) Color Point (Line) Size Criteria Value Point (Line) for Medium Scale Point No Line Point (Line) Style Circle Solid Line Point (Line) Color Dark Red Cyan Point (Line) Size 2 1 Criteria Value Area Size: 50 Width: 100 Point (Line) for Small Scale Point Line Point (Line) Style Circle Solid Line Point (Line) Color Black Cyan Point (Line) Size 1 1 Criteria Value

14 Rendering Buildings Large: 1k-3k medium: 3k-6k small: < 6k 1:2,500 1:4,000 1:7,000

15 Rendering Rivers Large: 1k-10k Medium: 10k-24k Small: < 24k Width: 100m 1:9,000 1:17,000 1:35,000

16 Address Map Projects

17 Project Time Table Year 1 (2012): Draft of Address Map Standard Direction of Map Standard Three Drafts of Address Maps Year 2 (2013): Deriving Example of Address Tile Map Road Hierarchy and Tile Level Road Symbol and Other Feature Symbol

18 Draft of Address Map (Year 1) Direction of Address Map Standard Map for easy understanding road name and building number Design mental map for recognition of road network at a glance Improving prediction capability of road name and building number Increase awareness of road name address map through a unified schema and production standards 구분우리나라해외 특징 시사점 도로, 지형지물동일순위로표현하여도로가드러나지않음 등고선, 하천, 호수, 저수지, 행정경계선, 교량명, 절이름, 행정지명, 산등을기본적으로표기 점개념 ( 지명이나시설물중심 ) 많은지명과건물명표기에치중 도로를우선적으로표기 하천, 공원등을표기하나여유공간이있을경우만표기 등고선 ( 지형 ) 대신다양한바탕색사용 선개념 ( 도로중심 ) 도로명위주의간략한표기

19 Draft of Address Map (Year 1) Three Drafts of Address Map 책자형과휴대형에대한 3 가지유형의샘플제작 [1] 텍스트형 [2] 싸인형 [3] 픽토그램형

시도간선고속도로 4 ~ 14 서울외곽순환고속도로등... 시도간선자동차전용도로 4 ~ 14 올림픽대로등.

20 Ex. of Address Tile Map (Year 2) Road Hierarchy and Tile Level 위계구분적용레벨비고 국토간선고속도로 2 ~ 14 경부고속도로, 영동고속도로, 호남고속 도로, 중부내륙고속도로, 중앙고속도로, 서해안고속도로, 남해안고속도로 국토간선대로 로 2 ~ 14 동해대로 시도간선고속도로 4 ~ 14 서울외곽순환고속도로등... 시도간선자동차전용도로 4 ~ 14 올림픽대로등... 시도간선대로 로 4 ~ 14 시도급대로, 로 시군구간선대로 로 8 ~ 14 시군구급대로, 로 그외로 8 ~ 14 종속구간이아닌도로 종속구간 12 ~ 14 주도로외의종속도로 단지내도로 12 ~ 14 아파트단지내도로

21 Ex. of Address Tile Map (Year 2) Road Symbol and Other Feature Symbol 도로종류 심볼 주요지점 심볼주요지점심볼 국토간선고속도로 경찰서 경찰서 국토간선대로로 소방서 의료시설 시도간선고속도로 교육시설 숙박시설 시도간선자동차전용도로 도서관 공항건물 시도간선대로 로쇼핑건물관공서 길금융시설아파트 종속구간 우체국

22 Future Research Plans

23 Further Project Time Table Year 3 (2014) 도로명주소안내도 Rendering 방안기초연구 : 일반화알고리듬개발및개별심볼선정 도로명주소안내도제작용 Illustrate Template 개발 Year 4 (2015) 도로명주소안내도제작응용프로그램완성 도로명주소안내도검수절차마련및검수프로그램 개발 Year 5 (2016) 도로명주소안내도작성규칙법제화

24 Year 3 (2014) 도로명주소안내도 Rendering 방안기초연구 : 일반화알고리듬개발및개별심볼선정 Scale 에따라 Feature 의일반화가필요하고일반화된 Feature 에대해각각의 Symbol 이결정되어야함 우선, 10 가지기본일반화방안에대한알고리듬개발 일반화된개별사상 (Feature) 과라벨심볼선정 도로명주소안내도제작용 Illustrate Template 개발 도로명주소안내도제작시표준화된심볼과라벨심볼에대한틀과자료를제공 개별적인심볼제작, 라벨폰트구매여건이되지못함 각기준축척에대한개별 Template 로개발

25 Year 4 (2014) 도로명주소안내도제작응용프로그램완성 전년도사업에서개발된도로명주소일반화 알고리듬과선정된심볼을적용하여도로명주소를 활용한주제도제작프로그램개발 도로명주소안내도검수절차마련및검수 프로그램개발 다양하게제작되는도로명주소안내도대한사후 검수를통해 Quality 확보 도로명주소안내도작성규칙법제화 지자체및공공기관에서다양한축척의도로명주소안내도를쉽게제작하고그일관성을유지하도록함

26 References Choi, J. and C. Hwang, 2009, Multi-scale Rendering with Geometry Collapse and Symbol Knowledge Base, The Cartographical Journal. Vol. 46, No. 2, pp Dent, B.B, 1999, Cartography: Thematic map Design, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, p.419 ESRI, 1996, Automation of Map Generalization, ESRI White Paper Series, GITTA, 2012, Generalization of Map Data, Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance (GITTA), Slocum, T.A., McMaster, R.B., Kessler, F.C., and Howard, H.H., 2005, Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization, 2th Ed, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p

27 Thank You Questions?

BSC Discussion 1

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