Tense
1 C o n c e p-t A 1 현재 (1) 현재의사실 - Eating well is good for your health (2) 현재의습관, 직업, 성격, 능력 - What I hate most is being treated unfairly (3) 불변의진리, 사실, 속담 - The earth is a big ball that is always spinning around (4) 미래대용 ( 의미는미래지만현재형을씀 ) a 왕래발착동사가미래를나타내는부사 ( 구 ) 와함께쓰이는경우 - He starts a new business next month b 시간, 조건의부사절시간접속사 when (~ 할때 ), before, after, until 조건접속사 If (~ 하면 ), unless (~ 하지않으면 ) - I don t know when my uncle will come, but when he comes, I will let you know 부사절 명사절 명사절에서는미래의의미를명사절에서는그대로미래형으로미래의의미를쓴다는그대로걸기억해미래형으로 쓴다는걸기억해 If가 만약 ~ 라면 이라는뜻이면 If가 만약부사절 ~ 라면, ~ 인지이라는 라는뜻이면뜻이면부사절명사절이야, ~ 인지 라는뜻이면명사절이야 When이 ~ 하면 ~ 할때 When 라는뜻이면이 ~ 하면부사절 ~ 할, 언제때 라는 ~ 할지뜻이면 라는뜻이면부사절, 언제명사절이야 ~ 할지 라는 뜻이면명사절이야 2 과거 (1) 과거의동작, 상태 - John bought me a gorgeous necklace (2) 과거의습관, 경험 - She allowed the children to watch TV on weekends (3) 역사적사실 - A new plastic called cellophane was developed in the 1920s 3 미래 (1) 단순미래 - They will have a meeting this afternoon (2) 의지미래 - I will never see him again if that s what you want (3) will의대용어구 a be going to (~ 하려고생각중이다 ) : What are you going to do when you get a degree? b be about to ( 막 ~ 하려는참이다 ) : He was just about to dive when he saw a shark c shall 상대방의의향을묻거나제안, 권유 - What shall I do?( 저어떻게하죠?) - Shall we have another game? ( 게임한판더할까요?) d be supposed to (~ 하기로되어있다 ) : I am supposed to speak in public tomorrow 1
1 C o n c e p t - B 1 진행시제의공식과해석 현재진행 과거진행 미래진행 공식 am, are, is + ~ing was, were + ~ing will be ~ing 해석 ( 지금 ) ~ 하고있다 ( 그당시 ) ~ 하고있었다 ( 그때쯤이면 ) ~ 하고있을것이다 2 진행시제의쓰임 (1) 현재진행 a 현재진행되고있는동작 -What is she doing? She is washing the dishes in the kitchen b 이미정해져있는미래의일정 - We are leaving for Seoul tonight (2) 과거진행 : 과거에진행되고있던일 - I was studying English when you called on me yesterday (3) 미래진행 : 미래에진행되고있을일 - We will be thinking of you when we get to Paris 3 진행형을쓸수없는동사 소유, 상태를나타내는동사 지각, 인지와관련된동사 belong to (~ 에속해있다 ), have ( 갖고있다 ), own ( 소유하다 ), posses ( 소유하다 ), resemble (~ 와닮았다 ), look, appear, seem (~ 해보이다 ) see ( 보이다 ), hear ( 들리다 ), smell ( 냄새가나다 ), taste ( 맛이나다 ), know ( 알다 ), love ( 사랑하다 ), hate ( 싫어하다 ), like ( 좋아하다 ), believe ( 믿다 ) cf 경우에따라진행형이될수도안될수도있는동사들 appear look have miss 진행형가능한뜻나타나다, 출연하다 (+at) ~ 을보다 소유하다 이외의뜻놓치다 진행형불가한뜻 ~ 해보이다 ~ 해보이다소유하다, ~ 가있다그리워하다 2
1 C o n c e p t - C 1 완료시제의의미와공식 과거완료 (had pp) 현재완료 (have pp) 미래완료 (will have pp) 대과거과거현재미래 2 완료시제의 4 가지용법 과거완료 현재완료 미래완료 계속 He had lived here before he moved to New York I have liked cowboy movies ever since I was a child I will have studied English for ten years by next month 경험 Had you ever seen the man before then? I have never climbed Mt Halla I will have read the book five times if I read it again 완료 I had just got my job back She has already done writing her report I will have finished the work by ten o'clock tomorrow 결과 He had injured his leg and couldn t play soccer They have knocked down the old station building He will have left his home by this time tomorrow 과거의어떤특정시점까지의계속, 경험, 결과, 완료 ( 현재랑상관없음 ) 과거부터현재까지의상태나동작의완료, 결과, 계속, 경험 미래의어느특정시점까지의상태나동작의완료, 결과, 계속, 경험 3 과거완료의다른용법 ( 대과거 ) - 기준이되는과거시점보다앞에일어난과거의일 ( 대과거 ) He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital 대과거과거 My parents had already eaten by the time I got home 대과거 과거 3
1 C o n c e p-t D 1 완료진행시제 완료시제에진행시제를결합시켜 계속 의의미를강조 - 현재완료는동작의완료, 현재완료진행형은현재까지의동작의계속을나타냄 (1) 현재완료진행 - 과거에시작된일이현재까지진행되고있음 - 공식 : 현재완료진행 = 현재완료 (have pp) + 진행 (be ~ing) 현재완료 have pp 진행 be ~ing Ex) It has been raining all day I have been sitting here for 3 hours have been -ing (2) 과거완료진행 - 과거의특정시점까지계속진행되어왔던일을나타냄 - 공식 : 과거완료진행 = 과거완료 (had pp) + 진행 (be ~ing) 과거완료 had pp 진행 be ~ing Ex) He was so tired because he had been working since dawn had been -ing 어떤행동이완료되었으면완료시제어떤, 계속행동이이어지고완료되었으면있으면완료완료진행시제라고시제, 계속이어지고생각하면있으면쉬워완 료진행시제라고생각하면쉬워 (3) 미래완료진행 - 미래의특정시점이전에시작되어그때까지진행되고있는일을나타냄 - 미래완료진행 = 미래완료 (will have pp) + 진행 (be ~ing) 미래완료 will have pp 진행 be ~ing Ex) If you arrive at noon, I will have been standing here for 2 hours will have been -ing 4
1 C o n c e p t - E 1 주절, 종속절의시제일치 (1) 주절의동사가현재, 미래, 현재완료일때는종속절의동사가무엇이든상관없지만, 주절의동사가과거일때에는종속절의동사는과거또는과거완료가와야함 - Everyone thinks that he can win the game Everyone thought that he could win the game - She wonders why Tom loved this girl She wondered why Tom had loved this girl (2) 예외 - 주절의시제와상관없이, 종속절시제를항상현재시제또는과거시제를써야함 ( 진리 ) The teacher say that the earth is round The teacher said that the earth is round ( 격언 ) He believes that honesty is the best policy He believed that honesty is the best policy ( 현재습관 ) Tom says that he gets up at six Tome said that he gets up at six ( 역사적사실 ) We know that Korean war broke out in 1950 We knew that Korean war broke out in 1950 2 간접화법에서의시제일치 (1) 직접화법을간접화법으로전환할때, 간접화법에서주절의동사 (tell, say 등의전달동사 ) 가 과거로쓰였을경우, 전달되는말의시제가현재 과거, 과거 과거완료시제로고쳐져야함 - He said to me, I don t like milk ( 직접화법 ) He told me that he didn t like milk ( 간접화법 ) - She said, I bought some books ( 직접화법 ) She said that she had bought some books ( 간접화법 ) 5