10 113136 : ( ) I 1 (Humanity)?,, 98% Nearly Human? 4 4 38 1)
114 2, 115,,?,,,, (Distinctiveness of Humanity),, (eternity),,, 1),,, (, 1998), 344 (David Brower) 6 8, 4, 11 2/3, 2?, 2) 1935 3) 4) 5), 6) 2) John Hedley Brooke, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives, (Cam bridge University Press, 1991), 34 3) Bertrand Russell, Religion and Science,, : (, 1994) 4) John William Draper, History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, 1875 5 ) Andrew Dickson White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, 1895 6) Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (London: Cambridge Uni versity Press, 1926), 263
116 2, 117 20 ( ) ( ) 7) 20 3 (, ), 30,,,, 20 7 ) John Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science (New York: Vail-Ballou Press, 1998), 80, ( ) ( ),, 8), 9), 8) Ian BarbourIssues in Science and religion(scm Press, 1966) 9 ) Fritjof Capra, Turing Point: Science, Society, and the Rising Culture ( L o n d o n : Richard Clay Ltd, 1984), 1 7, 32
118 2, 119 30 : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ( ) ( ), II 1687 10) 11), 12) 19 13) 1905, 10) Stephen Hawking, Brief History of Time (London: Bantam, 1988), 18 21 11), Ibid, 5 6 12), Ibid, 12 13 13) 1865 Ibid, 21 22
120 2, 121, (space time) 1915, ( ), 14),, 15),, 100 200, (solution) 14), Ibid, 44, 168 15) Ibid, 127 16) 16) 1929 (red shift),, 17) 1965 (cosmic background radiation) (Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson) ( ),, ( ) (an oscillating cosmos theory) 1970 ; 18), NASA 1992 Ibid, 45 53, 134 17),, Ibid, 43 18) Ibid, 38
122 2, 123, ( ) 19) 20 10 43 1032, 1096 1 0 3 5 1028, 10 10 1015, 10 4 1012 10 1 9 ) Stephen Hawking, The Illustrated a Brief History of Time, trans, Kim Dong Kwang, (Seoul: Kkachi Glbang, 1998), 56, 180 This book is a new addition of A Brief History of Time in 1988 It includes Cobe probes observation; Worthing Mark William, God, Creation, and Contemporary Physics (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996), 162, 50, 2, 3, 20) 12 1951 21) 22),! 17, 19 2 0 ) I b i d, 129, 133; Ian, G Barbour, Religion in an age of science (London: SCM, 1990), 125 128; John Polkinghone, Science and Christian Belief (London: SPCK, 1994), 71 73 21) Ian G Barbour, Religion in an Age of Science (London: SCM Press, 1990), 128 22) ed W Mark Richardson and Wesley J Wildman, Religion and Science: History, Method, Dialogue (London: Routledge, 1996), 208
124 2, 125,, 23), III 1974 (Brandon Carter) 24), 25),,,,, (fine tuning) (anthropic principle) (B J Carr and M J Ress) 1979 ; 26),,, 23) S Hawking, 59 24) Robert Russell, Theology and Science: Current Issues and Future Directions, 25) I Barbour, 135 136; S Hawking, 134 135 2 6 ) Alister E McGrath, 182; I Barbour, 135; quote in B J Carr and M J Ress, The Anthropic Principle and the Structure of the Physical World, N a t u r e 2 7 8 (1979), 605 612
126 2, 127 27), 100, 50, 30 28) (mental component), (designer) (John D Barrow) (Frank Tipler) (There exists one possible Universe designed with the goal of generating and sus taining observers ) B) ( ) (Observers are necessary to bring the Universe into being) C) (An ensem ble of other different universe is necessary for the existence of our Universe) D), (Intelligent infor mation processing must come into existence in the Universe, and once it comes into existence, it will never die out) 29), 30) A), 27) John Polkinghorne, Science and Creation (London: SPCK, 1988), 24 28),,,, 2, 3 100 S Hawking, 131 133, 137 138 IV 29) John D Barrow and Frank J Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 22 23 30) Mark William Worthing, God, Creation, and Contemporary Physics (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996), 45
128 2, 129 (Paul Davis) (Freeman Dyson), (Arthur Peacocke) (John Polking horne),, 31),,,,, 32) 31) There are many fundamental numbers, like the size of the electric charge of elect ron and the radio of the masses of the proton and the electron If the electric charge had been only slightly different, stars either would have been unable to burn hydrogen and helium S Hawking, 138 139 32) S Hawking, 61, 139 140; M Worthing, 45, ( ), (Singular Point, t=0) 33), ; 34) 35) 33) S Hawking, 156, 187 34) Paul Davies, God and the New Physics (London: JM Dent Sons Ltd, 1983), 189
130 2, 131, 36),, (a mental component), 37) (personal explanation), (personal agency) 38) 35) M Worthing, 46 36) J Polkinghorne, 76 37) M Worthing, 40 (person hood), ( ) (personal) (supra personal) 39), (personal agency) (mental component),, (John Leslie)? 38) Arthur Peacocke, Theology for a Scientific Age (London: SCM Press, 1993), 111 39) Ibid, 112
132 2, 133? 40),, (the many worlds idea) 41) (prodigal) (contrived an air) 42) 40) John Polkinghorne, Science Meets Faith (London: SPCK, 1998), 20 22 41), Hawking, 141 147; (many worlds theory) Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science, 8 42) J Polkinghorne, Science and Creation, 24 150, 43), 44), 45), 46) 43) J Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science, 9 44) J Polkinghorne, Science Meets Faith, 21 45) J Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science, 9 10 46) S Hawking, 139
134 2, 135 47),,, Epilogue 1:,, ( ) 47) J Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science, 19, Epilogue 2,, ( ) ( )? (?) ( ),
136 2 (10) Epilogue 3 t=0 (creatio ex nihilo),, (continua creatio)???