농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1-7 (2018) Open Access https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2018.22.1.1 Online ISSN 2287-2051 Print ISSN 1226-6183 ORIGINAL ARTICLES 경북지역사과과수원에서총채벌레류의발생과살충제감수성 김지원 1 * 김세진 1 이선영 1 이동혁 1 도윤수 2 김명수 2 1 농촌진흥청국립원예특작과학원사과연구소, 2 농촌진흥청국립원예특작과학원과수과 Seasonal Occurrence and Insecticide Susceptibility by Thrips on Apple Orchards in Gyeongbuk Area Ji Won Kim 1 *, Se Jin Kim 1, Sun-Young Lee 1, Dong-Hyuk Lee 1, Yun-Su Do 2 and Myeong Soo Kim 2 1 Apple Research Institution, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of Korea 2 Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea (Received on November 3, 2017. Revised on January 15, 2018. Accepted on February 8, 2018) Abstract This study was conducted to assess the seasonal occurrence and contact and ingestion toxicity of 5 insecticides on thrips in apple orchards. We identified the collected species as Frankliniella intonsa Trybom, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and Mycterothrips glycines Okamoto. Among the collected thrip species, the dominant species was F. intonsa and the damage of shoots by thrips was varied from 3% to 43% on study sites. The blue sticky traps monitoring showed that the thrips appeared from early April along with three or four peaks until late October. Significantly higher contact and ingestion of toxicity (96% to 100% mortality) of chlorfenapyr SC were found on larvae and adults of F. intonsa 48 hours after treatment but the effectiveness of other tested insecticides was low. In the laboratory test, chlorfenapyr SC, caused about 96% F. intonsa mortality, while in the field test, the control values were 40% and 72% at 1 and 2 days after treatment, respectively and insecticide efficacy was found to decrease as passed time of treatment. These results indicate that the chlorfenapyr SC can be a potential option for controlling of thrips in field. However, this insecticide has high contact toxicity to bees and should be cautiously applied in apple orchards during May because of insecticide exposures. Key words Apple, Chlorfenapyr, Contact and ingestion of toxicity, Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips 서 론 총채벌레는식식성곤충으로다양한원예작물 (Lee et al., 2017) 과더불어낙엽과수의성숙한과실또는성숙하는과정의과실에직접적피해를입히는해충으로알려져있으며, 세계적으로최소 12종의총채벌레가낙엽과수에경제적피해를주는것으로보고되어있다 (Broughton et al., 2015). 사과, 체리, 배, 자두등에서총채벌레피해는어린과실에산란흔적을남기며가해부위가팬지꽃모양을띠고흰색으로탈색된다 (Terry, 1991; Cockfield et al., 2007). 그리고과 *Corresponding author E-mail: kjw99341018@korea.kr 실성숙기의직접적피해를통해수확시동녹현상, 상처, 함몰, 반점등의특징 (Broughton et al., 2015) 을나타내며간접적으로신초와잎의성장을저해하여결국과실품질저하에영향을미친다 (Childers, 1997; Ahn et al., 2014). 외국의사과원에서는꽃노랑총채벌레 (Frankliniella occidentalis), 대만총채벌레 (Frankliniella intonsa), 파총채벌레 (Thrips tabaci) 등이발생하는것으로알려져있으나 (Jacobs, 1995; Pearsall, 2000; Badowsk-Czubik and Olszak, 2006; Cockfield et al., 2007; Broughton et al., 2015; Przybylska et al., 2016) 우리나라사과원에서총채벌레의발생과피해를준다는보고는없었다. 그러나최근국내사과원에서신초잎의끝부분이갈색으로변하면서안으로말리고착과후어린과실표면에곤충의산란흔적과주변이하얗게탈 1
2 김지원 김세진 이선영 이동혁 도윤수 김명수 색되는증상이종종관찰되고있으며피해가늘어나고있다. 신초피해는복숭아순나방에의한피해증상과유사하고과실의산란흔적은노린재류의구침흔적과유사하여사과재배농가에서오인하는경우많고, 사과원총채벌레방제로등록된약제가없어효율적으로관리할수있는약제선발이필요한실정이다. 본연구는경북의주요사과주산지를대상으로총채벌레의발생실태와피해를조사하였다. 또한사과원에서사용하는약제중다른작물의총채벌레방제에이용되는 5종의살충제를선발하였다 (KCPA, 2015). 선발된살충제는대만총채벌레의유충과성충의약제감수성을평가하고, 살충활성이높은약제를선정하여사과원총채벌레의효율적인방제체계개발을위한기초자료로활용하고자수행하였다. 재료및방법 총채벌레동정및발생밀도조사사과과수원에발생하는총채벌레의피해를조사하기위해경북 6개지역 18농가를대상으로총채벌레채집및신초피해율을조사하였다. 채집은총채벌레가존재하는신초를잘라 70% 에탄올유리병 (Clear Glass 21 73 mm, Wheaton, USA) 에넣어실험실로옮겨왔다. 총채벌레는슬라이드표본화시킨후 Woo (1974, 1976) 와 Wang et al. (2010) 이제시한분류키를이용하여실체현미경 (Olympus BX53, Olympus, Japan) 하에형태적종동정을실시하였다. 신초피해율은사과원에서 5주를임의로선정하고, 한주당 8개신초씩, 총 40개의신초중의피해신초수를조사하여신초피해율을환산하였다 (Choi et al., 2008). 총채벌레의발생밀도는 2014년부터 2016년에걸쳐사과재배기간인 4월부터 10월까지군위사과연구소시험포장에서파란색끈끈이트랩 (15 25 cm, Greenagrotech, Korea) 을이용하여조사하였다. 끈끈이트랩은과원의중앙부에약 1.5 m 높이에설치하여 10일간격으로교체하였고, 육안및휴대용루페 ( 10, Nikon, Japan) 를이용하여포획성충수를조사하였다. 총채벌레약제실내및포장검정시험곤충시험곤충은사과과수원에발생하는총채벌레중우점하는대만총채벌레 (Frankliniella intonsa) 를충북대학교식물의학과곤충생태및독성학연구실에서분양을받아실내사육실조건에서사육하면서이용하였다. 사육실은온도 25 ± 1 o C, 습도 60 ± 2%, 광주기 16L: 8D 조건으로유지하였으며, 여과지가깔린 insect breeding dish (100 40 mm, SPL 310102) 에 3~4일간물에불린강낭콩떡잎을먹이로이용하여개체를사육하였다. Table 1. List of insecticides used to toxicity study of Frankliniella intonsa Insecticide AI a) (%) Formulation b) RC c) (ppm) Neonicotinoids Imidacloprid 10 WP 50 Thiacloprid 10 WG 50 Thiamethoxam 10 WG 50 Niacins Flonicamid 10 WG 50 Pyrroles Chlorfenapyr 10 SC 50 a) Active ingredient. b) WP = Wattable powder, WG = Water dispersible granule, SC = Suspension concentrate. c) Recommended concentration. 시험약제국내사과과수원에서총채벌레를방제하기위해등록된살충제가없기때문에사과과수원에서이용하는약제중다른작물의총채벌레방제에이용되는살충제 5종류를선발하였다 (KCPA, 2015). 선발된약제는 Imidaclorpid, Thiamethoxam, Thiacloprid, Flonicamid, Chlorfenapyr 이며약제계통별로네오니코티노이드계 3종, 니아신계 1종, 피롤계 1종이다. 살충제에대한일반명, 유효성분량, 제형및추천농도는 (ppm) 는 Table 1 과같다. 실내검정 대만총채벌레의유충과성충에대한약효시험으로접촉독성과섭식독성을조사하였으며모든시험 ( 온도 25 ± 1 o C, 습도 60 ± 2%, 광주기 16L: 8D) 은 5 반복으로수행하였다. 접촉독성은약제별추천농도로희석한후 2령유충과성충을각각 10마리씩넣은 insect breeding dish (φ50 15 mm, SPL 310050) 에시험곤충이충분히적셔지도록일반분무용스프레이 (3.5 cm 11.3 cm) 를이용하여 5회 (2 ml) 살포하였으며무처리는동일한조건으로물 2ml를살포하였다. 이후유충과성충은신선한강낭콩떡잎에접종시킨후 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48시간까지사충수를조사하였다. 섭식독성은추천농도로희석된시험약제에 1분간침지시킨후 30분음건한강낭콩떡잎을여과지 (φ55 mm, Advantec, Filter-Paper No.5A) 가깔린 insect breeding dish (φ50 15 mm) 에넣고유충을 10마리씩접종하여 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48시간까지사충수를조사하였다. 무처리는떡잎을물에처리하여조사하였으며성충의섭식독성시험은유충시험과동일한방법으로실시하였다. 사충은 ( 죽은개체의구분은 ) 붓으로건드렸을때전혀움직임이없는것을사망한것으로간주하였으며사충률 (%) 은사충수 / 총마리수 100로산출하였다.
경북지역사과과수원에서총채벌레류의발생과살충제감수성 3 포장검정방제효과를위한포장검정은국립원예특작과학원사과연구소내시험포장에서완전임의배치법으로 3반복수행하였다. 약제처리는 6월하순경파란색끈끈이트랩 (15 25 cm, Greenagrotech, Korea) 에 1일포획되는총채벌레류의밀도가 100마리를초과했을때 5가지시험약제를추천농도로희석하여약액이충분히흐르도록살포하였다. 조사는파란색끈끈이트랩을이용하여약제처리후 1일간격으로 5일간트랩의총채벌레류성충포획수를조사하였으며, 무처리구는동일한방법으로물을처리하였다. 무처리구대비방제가 (Control value, %) 는 [(a b) / a] 100으로산출하였으며이때 a는무처리구의총채벌레포획수, b는처리구의총채벌레포획수이다. 자료분석선발된 5가지약제에대한대만총체벌레의실내검정결과분석은 Duncan s multiple range test로유의수준 5% 에서약제간사충률의차이를비교하였다 (SAS Institute, 2009). 결과및고찰 총채벌레발생현황사과과수원의총채벌레신초피해율과우점종을조사한결과 Table 2와같다. 총채벌레의신초피해는 13개농가에서나타났으며, 신초피해율은 3~43% 로농가마다차이를보이는것으로조사되었다. 피해과원에서채집된총채벌레는대만총채벌레 (Frankliniella intonsa Trybom), 파총채벌레 (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), 콩어리총채벌레 (Mycterothrips glycines Okamoto) 3종으로확인되었으며대만총채벌레가사과과수원의우점종으로나타났다. 본조사의대만총채벌레와파총채벌레는우리나라원예및화훼작물에서주로발생하는해충으로알려져있으며 (Moon et al., 2006; Seo et al., 2006; Kang et al., 2011; Choi et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015), 국외의경우자두와사과원에발생하는해충으로알려져있다 (Badowsk-Czubik and Olszak, 2006). 콩어리총채벌레는제주지역감귤원에발생하는해충으로알려져있으며 (Kim et al., 2000) 현재까지이들은국내사과원에발생하는해충으로보고된바없다. Fig. 1은 2014년부터 2016년까지사과재배기간인 4월 ~ 10월파란색끈끈이트랩을이용하여사과원에발생하는총채벌레발생밀도변화를조사한결과이다. 2014년의경우 5월중순부터발생하기시작하여 6월하순 ~ 7월상순, 8월중하순, 9월중순에발생피크를보였으며이후발생밀도가감소하였다. 2015년은 4월상순부터발생하기시작하여 6월하순, 7월하순, 8월하순 ~ 9월상순, 9월하순에발생피크를보였으며 10월상순부터밀도가감소하였다. 2016년의경우 4월중순에발생을시작하여 6월하순에가장높은밀도를보였고그이후밀도가감소하다 7월하순부터다시증가하여 8월중순과 10월상순에발생피크를보였다. 노지에서총채벌레의발생은전북지역고추의경우대만총채벌레와꽃노랑총채벌레 (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) 가 5월 ~ 9월에발생하고, 연 4회의발생피크 (Moon et al., 2006) 를보이며제주도감귤은볼록총채벌레 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 가 5월부터 10월까지최소 7세대가발생 (Hyun et al., 2012) 한다고보고하였다. 대만총채벌레는토끼풀 ( 클로버 ) 의개화수와상관성이높다고하였으며꽃노랑 Table 2. Shoot damage rate and dominant species of thrips in apple orchards, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea Region Farm a) Shoot damage rate (%) Yeongju Yeongcheon Cheongsong Frankliniella intonsa Thrips tabaci Species Mycterothrips glycines Unidentified A 3 - - - B 3 - - C 1 - - - larva A 10 - - - B 24 - - - C 30 - - - A 40 - - - larva B 30 - - - larva C 43 - - - Andong A 6 - - - larva B 13 - - - Uiseong A 10 - - - Gunwi A 5 - - - a) Farm of thrips damage by region.
4 김지원 김세진 이선영 이동혁 도윤수 김명수 Fig. 1. Population density of thrips from apple orchard in Gunwi during 2014 to 2016. Fig. 2. Control value of 5 insecticides against thrips by apple tree spray treatment under the field condition. 총채벌레는꽃이존재할때증식률이높고, 이들의발생최성기가목화의개화최성기기간과연관성이있다고하였다 (Pickett et al., 1988; Umeya et al., 1988; Gerin et al., 1999; Moon et al., 2006). 이와같이노지에서총채벌레발생은총채벌레의종, 지역, 작물과기주식물에따라발생양상이다르게나타나므로사과원의총채벌레발생은지역과과원내기주식물등에따라발생양상이다를것으로판단된다. 대만총채벌레살충제감수성 선발된 5종의살충제를추천농도 (ppm) 로희석하여대만총채벌레유충과성충에대한접촉독성과섭식독성을검정한결과는 Table 3, Table 4와같았다. 접촉독성의경우유충과성충은 Chlorfenapyr를제외한나머지약제는처리 48 시간에 50% 이하의살충효과를보였으며, Chlorfenapyr 는 96% 이상의살충효과를보였다. 섭식독성은 Thiacloprid 와 Thiamethoxam이약제처리 48시간 60% 이상의살충효과를나타내었으며 Chlorfenapyr는 100% 의살충률을보였다. Fig. 2는 5종의살충제에대한야외방제효과를조사하기위해포장검정을수행한결과이다. 실내검정에서 95 % 이상의살충률을보였던 Chlorfenapyr는약제처리 1일차에 40% 의방제효과를보였고, 2일차에 72%, 3일차이후부터는방제효과가감소하는경향을나타냈으며, 나머지약제는 40% 이하의방제효과를보였다. Chlorfenapyr는피롤계통으로총채벌레에대한식독효과가가장크며접촉독성도가지고있고, 식물체에대해잔류독성을가지고있는것으로알려져있다 (Park et al., 1999). Yu et al. (2002) 은 Chlorfenapyr가충북의장미재배지에서채집된꽃노랑총채벌레에대해서높은살충효과를보인다고하였으며, Park et al. (1999) 은오이총채벌레에대해약효가 9일까지지속되고, 높은방제효과를보인다고보고하였다. Lee et al. (2017) 은과채류재배지의꽃노랑총채벌레에대해 Chlorfenapyr가
Table 3. Comparative toxicity of 5 insecticides against F. intonsa larva and adult by spray treatment Mortality (%, mean ± SE) Insecticide Larva Adult 3h 6h 9h 12h 24h 48h 3h 6h 9h 12h 24h 48h Neonicotinoids Imidacloprid 52.0 ± 2.2b a) 12.0 ± 2.2c 16.0 ± 2.7c 22.0 ± 4.2c 26.0 ± 2.7c 26.0 ± 2.7c 50.0 ± 0.0b 52.0 ± 2.2b 54.0 ± 4.2bc 58.0 ± 4.2cd 58.0 ± 4.2c 16.0 ± 2.7d Thiacloprid 52.0 ± 2.2b 20.0 ± 3.5b 36.0 ± 6.7b 42.0 ± 4.2b 50.0 ± 3.5b 50.0 ± 3.5b 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0b 58.0 ± 4.2b 14.0 ± 2.7b 22.0 ± 4.2b 30.0 ± 3.5b Thiamethoxam 50.0 ± 0.0b 12.0 ± 2.2c 16.0 ± 4.5c 20.0 ± 3.5c 30.0 ± 3.5c 30.0 ± 3.5c 50.0 ± 0.0b 52.0 ± 2.2b 12.0 ± 4.2bc 18.0 ± 4.2bc 20.0 ± 3.5b 40.0 ± 3.5c Niacins Flonicamid 56.0 ± 2.7ab 58.0 ± 2.2c 14.0 ± 2.7cd 18.0 ± 2.2c 26.0 ± 2.7c 26.0 ± 2.7c 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0b 52.0 ± 2.2c 56.0 ± 2.7cd 58.0 ± 2.2c 18.0 ± 4.2d Pyrroles Chlorfenapyr 10.0 ± 3.5a 38.0 ± 4.2a 76.0 ± 4.5a 82.0 ± 2.2a 92.0 ± 4.2a 96.0 ± 2.7a 42.0 ± 4.2a 44.0 ± 2.7a 50.0 ± 3.5a 56.0 ± 2.7a 58.0 ± 4.2a 96.0 ± 2.7a Control 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0c 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0c 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0c 50.0 ± 0.0e a) Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different at P < 0.05 by Duncan s multiple range test (SAS Institute, 2009). Table 4. Comparative toxicity of 5 insecticides against F. intonsa larva and adult by kidney bean dipping treatment Mortality (%, mean ± SE) Insecticide Larva Adult 3h 6h 9h 12h 24h 48h 3h 6h 9h 12h 24h 48h Neonicotinoids Imidacloprid 50.0 ± 0.0b a) 58.0 ± 2.2b 20.0 ± 5.0c 24.0 ± 6.7d 36.0 ± 7.6c 540.0 ± 5.0d 54.0 ± 2.7b 56.0 ± 2.7c 16.0 ± 2.7f 18.0 ± 4.2d 24.0 ± 2.7d 540.0 ± 3.5e Thiacloprid 54.0 ± 2.7b 24.0 ± 2.7a 30.0 ± 3.5c 42.0 ± 4.2bc 56.0 ± 5.7b 562.0 ± 4.2bc 56.0 ± 2.7b 20.0 ± 3.5b 22.0 ± 4.2cf 32.0 ± 4.2c 36.0 ± 2.7c 566.0 ± 2.7c Thiamethoxam 14.0 ± 2.7a 28.0 ± 4.2a 40.0 ± 5.0b 50.0 ± 3.5b 58.0 ± 4.2b 566.0 ± 5.7b 16.0 ± 2.7a 32.0 ± 2.2a 42.0 ± 4.2b 48.0 ± 4.2b 56.0 ± 2.7b 574.0 ± 2.7b Niacins Flonicamid 56.0 ± 2.7b 14.0 ± 2.7b 24.0 ± 2.7c 36.0 ± 2.7c 52.0 ± 4.2b 554.0 ± 2.7c 56.0 ± 2.7b 22.0 ± 4.2b 30.0 ± 3.5c 32.0 ± 2.2c 40.0 ± 3.5c 556.0 ± 2.7d Pyrroles Chlorfenapyr 16.0 ± 2.7a 32.0 ± 4.2a 50.0 ± 3.5a 72.0 ± 2.2a 84.0 ± 4.5a 100.0 ± 0.0a 20.0 ± 3.5a 36.0 ± 2.7a 56.0 ± 2.7a 80.0 ± 3.5a 96.0 ± 2.7a 100.0 ± 0.0a Control 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0c 50.0 ± 0.0d 50.0 ± 0.0e 50.0 ± 0.0d 550.0 ± 0.0e 50.0 ± 0.0b 50.0 ± 0.0c 50.0 ± 0.0e 50.0 ± 0.0e 50.0 ± 0.0e 550.0 ± 0.0f a) Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different at P < 0.05 by Duncan s multiple range test (SAS Institute, 2009). 경북지역사과과수원에서총채벌레류의발생과살충제감수성 5
6 김지원 김세진 이선영 이동혁 도윤수 김명수 높은살충활성을나타낸다고하였으며, 세계적으로총채벌레방제에이용되는유기인계, 카바메이트계, 네오니코티노이드계, 피레스로이드계약제들은총채벌레에대해약제저항성을나타낸다고하였다 (Brødsgaard, 1994; Yu et al., 2002; Choi et al., 2005; Gao et al., 2012; Gholami and Sadeghi, 2016). 본연구의결과에서도네오니코티노이드계의 Imidaclopird, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam 약제에대해대만총채벌레의살충과방제효과가낮게나타나는것으로보아약제저항성과관련된것으로생각된다. 이상의결과를종합해보면, 사과원의총채벌레의우점종은대만총채벌레로나타났으며방제약제로유충과성충에살충력이높은 Chlorfenapyr를적용할수있을것으로판단된다. 또한이약제는사과굴나방을방제하는데이용되므로적절한방제시기설정을통한사과굴나방과의동시방제가가능할것으로생각된다. 그러나 Chlorfenapyr는꿀벌에높은접촉독성이있어 (KCPA, 2015) 사과원에서꿀벌의방화활동시기인 5월은신중한약제살포와살포지주변양봉농가에게도주의를당부해야하며농약허용물질목록관리제도 (Positive List System) 가시행됨에따라농약사용기준이강화되고있어적용작물에따른 Chlorfenapyr의제형별사용유 무, 사용시기, 사용횟수등정확한정보를확인하여방제전략을수립해야할것으로사료된다. 뿐만아니라최근총채벌레의약제저항성문제가대두되고있어같은계통약제의반복사용을지양하고교호살포및선택성살충제이용등다각적측면을고려해야할것으로생각된다. 감사의글 본연구는농촌진흥청기관고유사업 ( 과제번호 : PJ01124303) 의지원에의하여이루어진것입니다. Literature Cited Ahn, S. J., M. R. Cho, C. H. Park, T. J. Kang, H. H. Kim, D. H. Kim and C. Y. Yang (2014) Halo spot symptom induced the by oviposition of Frankliniella occidentalis on grape fruits: molecular diagnosis by a species-specific DNA amplification and microscopic characterization of the symptom. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 53(3):281-286. Badowska-Czubik, T. and R. W. Olszak (2006) Thripidae in Polish plum and apple nurseries and orchards. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 14(3):143-147. Brødsgaard, H. F. (1994) Insecticide resistance in European and African strains of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) tested in a new residue-on-glass test. J. Econ. Entomol. 87(5):1141-1146. Broughton, S., J. M. A. Bennington and D. A. Cousins (2015) Thrips (Thysanoptera) damage to apple and nectarines in Western Australia. Crop Prot. 72:47-56. Childers, C. C. (1997) Feeding and oviposition injuries to plants, In Thrips as crop pests; Lewis, T. ed; CABI International, New York, USA, pp. 505-537. Choi, B. R., S. W. Lee, H. M. Park, J. K. Yoo, S. G. Kim and C. H. Baik (2005) Monitoring on insecticide resistance of major insect pests in plastic house. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 9(4):380-390. Choi, K. H., S. W. Lee, D. H Lee, D. A. Kim and S. K. Kim (2008) Recent occurrence status of two major fruit moths, oriental fruit moth and peach fruit moth in apple orchards. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 47(1):17-22. Choi, K. S., J. H. Song, J. Y. Yang, H. R. Choi and D. S. Kim (2014) Pest species, damage and seasonal occurrences on greenhouse cultivated asparagus in Jeju, Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 53(3):231-237. Cockfield, S. D., E. H. Beers, D. R. Horton and E. Miliczky (2007) Timing of oviposition by western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in apple fruit. J. Entomol. Soc. B. C. 104:45-54. Gao, Y., Z. Lei and S. R. Reitz (2012) Western flower thrips resistance to insecticides: detection, mechanisms, and management strategies. Pest Manag. Sci. 68(8):1111-1121. Gerin, C., T. Hance and G. V. Impe (1999) Impact of flowers on the demography of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 123(9):569-574. Gholami, Z. and A. Sadeghi (2016) Management strategies for western flower thrips in vegetable greenhouse in Iran: a Review. Plant Protect. Sci. 52(2):87-98. Hyun, J. W., R. Y. Hwang, K. S. Lee, J. H. Song, P. H. Yi, H. M. Kwon, D. H. Hyun and K. S. Kim (2012) Seasonal occurrence of yellow tea thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in citrus orchards and its damage symptoms on citrus fruits. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(1): 1-7. Jacobs, S. (1995) Thrips damage and control in apple orchards. Decid. Fruit Grow. 45(8):323-331. Kang, T. J., M. R. Cho, H. H. Kim, H. Y. Jeon and D. S. Kim (2011) Economic injury level of thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on welsh onions (Allium fistulosum L. var) in the early transplanting stage. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 50(4): 289-293. Kim, D. H, H. M. Kwon and K. S. Kim (2000) Current status of the occurrence of the insect pests in the citrus orchard in Cheju island. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 39(4):267-274. Kim, D. H., M. R. Cho, T. J. Kang, C. Y. Yang, H. H. Kim and J. B. Yoon (2015) The status of pest occurrence on Phalaenopsis orchid in Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 54(4):345-349. Korea Crop Protection Association (KCPA) (2015) User s guidebook of pesticides. Moon, H. C., I. K. Cho, J. R. Im, B. R. Goh, D. H. Kim and C.
경북지역사과과수원에서총채벌레류의발생과살충제감수성 7 Y. Hwang (2006) Seasonal occurrence and damage by thrips on open red pepper in Jeonbuk province. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 45(1):9-13. Park, J. D., H. B. Lee, D. I. Kim, S. G. Kim and S. D. Song (1999) Evaluation of effectiveness and bioassay of insecticide residues of chlorfenapyr (ac303 630) against Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under laboratory and vinyl house conditions. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 3(2):69-73. Pearsall, I. A. (2000) Damage to nectarines by the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thrpidae) in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. J. Econ. Entomol. 93(4):1207-1215. Pickett, C. H., L. T. Wilson and D. Gonzalez (1988) Population dynamics and within-plant distribution of the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an early season predator of spider mites infesting cotton. Environ. Entomol. 17(3):551-559. Przybylska, A., Z. Fiedler and A. Obrepalsk-Steplowska (2016) PCR-RFLP method to distinguish Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella intonsa, Frankliniella pallida and Frankliniella tenuicornis. J. Plant Prot. Res. 56(1):60-66. Seo, M. J., S. J. Kim, E. J. Kang, M. K. Kang, Y. M. Yu, M. H. Nam, S. G. Jeong and Y. N. Youn (2006) Attraction of the garden thrips, Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to colored sticky cards in a Nonsan strawberry greenhouse. Korean J. Apple. Entomol. 45(1):37-43. Terry, L. I. (1991) Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) oviposition in apple buds: role of bloom state, blossom phenology, and population density. Environ. Entomol. 20(6):1568-1576. Umeya, K., I. Kudo and M. Miyazaki (1988) Pest thrips in Japan. pp. 422. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyoika, Tokyo (in Japanese). Wang, C. L., F. C. Lin, Y. C. Chiu and H. T. Shin (2010) Species of Frankliniella Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from the Asian-Pacific Area. Zool. Stud. 49(6):824-838. Woo, K. S. (1974) Thysanoptera of Korea. Korean J. Entomol. 4(2):1-90. Woo, K. S. (1976) On the Thysanoptera a Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 15(1):29-38. 경북지역사과과수원에서총채벌레류의발생과살충제감수성 김지원 1 * 김세진 1 이선영 1 이동혁 1 도윤수 2 김명수 2 1 농촌진흥청국립원예특작과학원사과연구소, 2 농촌진흥청국립원예특작과학원과수과 요약이연구는사과원의총채벌레발생현황과 5 종의살충제를이용하여접촉과섭식독성의약제감수성을조사하였다. 신초에서채집한총채벌레를동정한결과대만총채벌레 (Frankliniella intonsa Trybom), 파총채벌레 (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), 콩어리총채벌레 (Mycterothrips glycines Okamoto) 등 3 종이확인되었다. 우점종은대만총채벌레였으며, 신초피해율은 3~43% 로농가마다차이를보였다. 파란색끈끈이트랩을이용하여조사한총채벌레의발생은 4 월상순에시작하여 10 월하순까지 3~4 회의발생최성기를보였다. Chlorfenapyr SC 는대만총채벌레유충과성충에대한접촉과섭식독성에서 96~100% 의살충력을보였지만다른살충제는효과가낮았다. 실내시험에서 Chlorfenapyr SC 는대만총채벌레에대해약 96% 의사망률을유발하였으나야외시험에서는처리 1 일과 2 일에각 40% 와 72% 의방제가를보였고 3 일후부터는감소하는경향을나타내었다. 본연구결과를통해 Chlorfenapyr SC 는사과원에서총채벌레방제약제로이용할수있을것으로판단된다. 그러나이살충제는꿀벌에높은접촉독성이있어사과원에서꿀벌의방화활동시기인 5 월은신중한약제적용이필요할것으로사료된다. 색인어 사과, Chlorfenapyr, 접촉과섭식독성, 대만총채벌레, 총채벌레류