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NCAII-RER-05032/2005. 10. 27

1... 2... 1... 2 RFID... 3 USN... 4... 3 IP... 1 IMS... 2 NGN/BCN... 3 NGN... 4... 1 GPRS IP GRX... 2 CDMA...... 4 WIBROWLAN/... 5... 6 BCN... 5 END-TO-END QOS ISP... 1 END-TO-END QOS... 2 QOS ISP... 3 EUQOS... 4 QOS : MESCAL... 6 VOIP... 1 VOIP...

2... 3... 4 (SESSION BORDER CONTROLLER)... 5... 6... 7 IXP... 1... 2 IXP... 3... 4 IXP... 5 KIX... 8......

2-1... 2-2... 2-3 RFID... 2-4... 2-5 EPCGLOBAL... 2-6... 2-7 EPC ISO... 2-8 UID... 2-9... 2-10 LR-WPAN... 2-11... 2-12... 3-1 IMS INTERFACE PROTOCOL STACK............ 4-1 1... 4-2 2... 4-3 3... 5-1 SLS... 5-2 QOS... 5-3 MESCAL... 6-1 SBC IMS... 7-1 IX... 7-2 IX... 7-3 IXP... 7-4 IXP... 7-5 MAE...

7-6 LINX... 7-7 MANAP SWITCH SITES... 7-8 IX... 7-9 KINX... 7-10 PRIVATE BR DSCP MARKING REMARKING... 7-11 ISP BR EGRESS INTERFACE DSCP MARKING... 7-12 ISP BR INGRESS INTERFACE DSCP REMARKING...

2-1... 2-2 ()... 2-3... 2-4 MAC... 2-5 MAC... 2-6 PDU... 2-7 MAP... 2-8... 2-9... 2-10... 2-11 ISO... 2-12 EPC... 2-13 EPCGLOBAL... 2-14 RFID... 2-15 RFID... 2-16... 2-17... 2-18 IEEE 802.15.4 TASK GROUP... 2-19 IEEE 802.15.4... 2-20 ZIGBEE ALLIANCE... 2-21 ZIGBEE... 2-22 DMB DMB... 2-23... 3-1 IMS... 3-2 IMS... 3-3... 3-4 PRIVATE USER ID PUBLIC USER ID... 3-5 IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM...

3-6 PHASE III... 3-7 TISPAN NGN ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT... 3-8 NGN OVERALL ARCHITECTURE... 3-9 NGN FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL... 3-10 GROUPING OF NGN FUNCTIONAL ENTITIES... 3-11... 3-12 ACCESS... 3-13 HOME... 4-1 GPRS... 4-2 MMS GRX... 4-3 WLAN GRX... 4-4 GPRS INTER-PLMN... 4-5 PLMN GRX... 4-6 GRX... 4-7 GPRS... 4-8 ASYMMETRIC ROUTING... 4-9 NETWORK CONFIGURATION ASYMMETRIC ROUTING... 4-10 DOUBLE GRX PROBLEM... 4-11 FUTURE NETWORK GROWTH... 4-12 CENTRAL EXCHANGE POINT... 4-13 CRX... 4-14 CRX PEERING... 4-15 CDMA2000/GPRS 1... 4-16 CDMA2000/GPRS 2... 4-17 4... 4-18... 4-19 NIA IG... 4-20 WIBRO... 4-21 WIBRO... 4-22...

4-23... 4-24 WIBRO ( )... 4-25 2... 4-26 WIBRO ( 2)... 4-27 3... 4-28 WIBRO... 4-29... 4-30... 4-31 DTN... 4-32 DTN... 4-33 IP... 4-34... 4-35 1... 4-36 2... 4-37 3... 5-1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH... 5-2 TOP-DWON APPROACH... 5-3 H.360 FUNCTIONAL ENTITY... 5-4 OPTION 1: ASP... 5-5 OPTION 2:... 5-6 QOS... 5-7 NSIS... 5-8 NSIS ENTITIES... 5-9 FLOW FLOW... 5-10 NSLP... 5-11 SENDER-INITIATED RESOURCE RESERVATION... 5-12 RECEIVER-INITIATED RESOURCE RESERVATION... 5-13 END-TO-END QOS GENERIC MODEL... 5-14 QOS... 5-15 QOS...

5-16 QOS... 5-17 POLICY... 5-18 POLICY... 5-19 HIGH LEVEL POLICY LOW LEVEL POLICY... 5-20 LOW LEVEL POLICY... 5-21 COPS... 5-22 COPS... 5-23 DIFFSERV PEP... 5-24 DIFFSERV PEP... 5-25 QOS... 5-26 PB-QM... 5-27 QOS-IST EVEREST PROJECT... 5-28 QOS... 5-29 QOS BILATERAL... 5-30 QOS COOPERATIVE... 5-31 QOS THIRD-PARTY... 5-32 CADENUS... 5-33 CADENUS... 5-34 EUQOS... 5-35... 5-36 THE MESCAL... 5-37 LOCAL QOS CLASS(L-QC) AND EXTEND QOS CLASS(E-QC)... 5-38 INTER-DOMAIN QOS PEERING (CENTRALIZED )... 5-39 INTER-DOMAIN QOS PEERING (CASCADED )... 5-40 INTER-DOMAIN QOS PEERING (BILATERAL )... 5-41 LOOSE GUARANTEES... 5-42 STATISTICAL GUARANTEE... 5-43 HARD GUARANTEES... 6-1... 6-2 H.225.0/AMD.1...

6-3 H.225.0/AMD.1... 6-4... 6-5... 6-6... 6-7... 6-8... 6-9... 6-10... 6-11... 6-12... 6-13... 6-14... 7-1 (PEERING)... 7-2 (PEERING)... 7-3 (TRANSIT)... 7-4 (TRANSIT)... 7-5 IX... 7-6 A SIMPLIFIED VIEW OF AN IXP INFRASTRUCTURE... 7-7 MESHED ISP PEERING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BR1... 7-8 ROUTE REFLECTOR ISP PEERING... 7-9 ROUTE SERVER ISP PEERING... 7-10 JPIX... 7-11 HKIX... 7-12 MAE... 7-13 MAE ATM PEERING... 7-14 THE LIST OF LINX MEMBERS... 7-15 PEERING MATRIX... 7-16 MANAP NETOWRK TOPOLOGY... 7-17 PORT TYPES... 7-18 AMS-IX TOPOLOGY...

7-19 IX (2004 8)... 7-20 KT-IX... 7-21 DACOM-IX... 7-22 KIX... 7-23 KIX... 7-24 INTERCONNECTION STATES... 7-25 ISP PRIVATE INTERCONNECTION...

SUMMARY 1. Title: A Study on Deployment Strategies of Integrated Service and Establishment of interconnction system on IP based network 2. Reach Objectives The objective of this research is to present network interconnection strategies for packet-based IP convergence networks. The future networks based on the IP It is also aimed to provide gradual evolution strategies for network architectures and to analyze recent standardization activities and system development status for accommodating VoIP services in the NGN environment. 3. Research Result In this research, we first analyzed the recent technological developments which can be characterized as the integration of voice and data, the integration of wireless and wired networks/services. Specifically, we analyzed and described the state-of-the art networking technologies and the recent standaradization activities related to WiBro, USN and BcN. We then developed strategies for seamless communication services toward the next generation convergence network. We presented evolution and deployment strategies of multimedia services based on the IMS in the 3GPPs. We note that ITU-T also considers the IMS structure as the basis of NGN network. We also studied the current status of NGN deployment stategies of the foreign countries. We described the interconnection issues and approaches for internetwork services. For example, we present the GRX and CRX which are the roaming network for the GPRS and cdma2000 network operators, respectively. We also explain that seamless interconnection methodologies between different access technologies.

In the interconnected network, it is very important to provide the end-to-end QoS for various applications. Thus, we analysed the current status or trend for the standardization and research for the QoS, paricularly policy based QoS control mechanism at the IETF. The network configuration is composed by the service provider, network operator, and service user. And, the interfaces between 3 component are defined in the framework for the policy based end-to-end QoS. Those result will be the basic model for the KIX evolution. As one typical example of KIX, we consider KIX as an interconnection network among different internet telephony operators. Voice over IP service is expected to play an important role in the evolution of NGN as a killer application of NGN. So, we studied the interoperablity using session border gateway as well as clearing house. FInally, we paid attention to the future model for the KIX. We studied the current situation of major IX operators and their evolution strategies for the NGN era. We proposed the approaches to extend the role and functions of KIX in the near future.

CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 New Emerging Network Technolies 3 Section 1 WiBro 3 Section 2 RFID 21 Section 3 Ubiquotous Sensor Network 37 Section 4 Convergence of Communication and Broadcasting 50 Chapter 3 IP-based Next generation convergence Network 58 Section 1 IMS based Network convergence 58 Section 2 NGN/BcN technologies and current issues 72 Section 3 Interconnection of NGN networks 89 Chapter 4 Interconnection Issues and Approaches 94 Section 1 GPRS roaming network : GRX 94 Section 2 CDMA packet data roaming network 108 Section 3 Next Generation Wireless Network 118 Section 4 Integration of WiBro and WLAN/cellular network 124 Section 5 Interconnection of wireless sensor network with Internet 136 Section 6 Convergence of Comm/Broadcast using BcN backbone 150 Chapter 5 Interconnection of ISP for End-to-End QoS 158 Section 1 End-to-End QoS Technologies 158 Section 2 Interconnection Model of ISP for End-to-End QoS 185 Section 3 EuQoS Project 191 Section 4 MESCAL Project 194 Chapter 6 VoIP Interconnection 210 Section 1 VoIP service interconnection 210 Section 2 Korean Policy for Internet telephony 212 Section 3 Interconnection Standard Trends 215

Section 4 Session Border Controller 221 Section 5 Network configuration for Internet telephony 226 Section 6 Clearing House method 229 Chapter 7 Proposal for Korean Internet Exchange Evolution 232 Section 1 Internet Exchange Types 232 Section 2 IXP trend analysis 243 Section 3 Issues of Internet Interconnection 269 Section 4 Features and Limitations of Korean IX 278 Section 5 KIX and Korean Interconnection network Evolution 282 Chapter 8 Conclusion 296 References 302

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 10MHz : 128 kb/s : 512 kb/s 1 : DL/UL = 6/2 (bits/sec/sector) : DL/UL = 2/1 (bits/sec/sector) < 150msec 60 km/hr (Picocell) : 100m (Microcell) : 400m (Macrocell) : 1km

U (PSS) (RAS) scope A (ACR) out-of-scope IR (ACR) (ACR) out-of-scope I core (AAA, HA) out-of-scope

ISO/IEC SG1 Data Syntax 15961 Tag Commands IS SG2 Tag 15962 Data Syntax IS SG3 Air Interface() 15963 RFID Tag ID IS 18000-1 Generic Parameters IS 18000-2 below 135 khz IS 18000-3 13.56MHz IS 18000-4 2.45GHz IS Traceability 18000-5 5.8GHz CD ITS 18000-6 UHF 860~960MHz IS 18000-7 UHF 433MHz(Active) IS SG5 ARP TR18001 Application IS(TR)

ISO/IEC 15961 Tag Commands. 15962 Data Syntax. 15963 RFID Tag ID 18000-1 Generic Parameters 18000-2 below 135kHz 18000-3 13.56MHz 18000-4 2.45GHz 18000-6 UHF 860~960MHz 18000-7 UHF 433MHz(Active) Tag ID. Tag ID IC.., DIN type A/B. type A/B. 1/2 1 IC (ISO/IEC 15963) Tagsis option 2(Magellan ) 424kbps. 1,2. 1,2 1(Intermec ) FHSS. 2(Siemens/Nedap ). Philips, TI 5. SAVI 100m. TR18001 Application RFID.

Date 2002 11 14 2003 2 1 2003 2 23 2003 8 12 2003 9 5 2003 9 15 2004 4 1 Contents 860MHz~930MHz Class I RFID Tag Radio Frequency & Logical Communication Interface Specification Candidate Recommandation, Version 1.0.1 13.56MHz ISM Band Class 1 Radio Frequency Identification Tag Interface Specification : Candidate Recommandation, Version 1.0.0 Draft protocol Specification for a 900MHz Class 0 RFID Tag Auto-ID Object Name Service(ONS) 1.0 Auto-ID Center Working Draft Auto-ID Savant Specification 1.0 Auto-ID Reader Protocol 1.0 Working Draft PML Core Specification 1.0 Auto-ID Center Recommandation EPC Tag Data Standards Version 1.1 Rev.1.24 Standard Specification

/ EPCglobal 1 EPCglobal 2 EPCglobal 3 EPCglobal 4 EPCglobal 5 EPC Tag Data Specification 900MHz Radio Frequency(RF) Identificaion Tag Specification (Class 0) Candidate recommendation 13.56MHz ISM Band class 1 Radio Frequency(RF) Identification Tag Interface Specification(Class 1) 860MHz~930MHz Class 1 Radio Frequency(RF) Identification Tag Radio Frequency & Logical Communication Interface Specification (Class 1 Version 1) Radio Frequency Identity Protocols Generation 2 Identity Tag(Class 1) : Protocol for Communication at 860MHz~960MHz(Generation 2) SAG Version 1.24 2003.9 2003.9 2003.9 EPCglobal 6 Reader Protocol EPCglobal 7 Savant Specification 2003.9 EPCglobal 8 Physical Markup Language(PML) Core Specification, XML Schema and Instance Files 2003.9 EPCglobal 9 Object Name Service(ONS) Specification V1.0

Air Interface EPC Data Rate Security EPC C1 Gen2 PIE-ASK Miller, FMO 96.256b 40/640kb/s 32-bit Kill access EPC Class 0 PWM FSK 64.96b 40/80kb/s 24-bit Kill EPC Class 1 PWM PIM 64.96b 70/140kb/s 8-bit Kill ISO Type A PIE ASK, FM0 not defined 33/40kb/s none ISO Type B Manchester ASK, FM0 not defined 8/40kb/s none

2003.6() 01-001 Class 1 -chip Hitachi 2003.6() 01-002 Class 1 T-Juction Toppan Printing 2003.6() 04-001 Class 4 etron/16-ae45x YRPUNL(*5)/University of Tokyo, Renesas Technology 2003.11() 00-001 Class 0 BarCode Sato Corporation 2003.11() 00-002 Class 0 BarCode Toppan Printing Co.Ltd 2003.12() 00-003 Class 0 BarCode Dai Nippon Printing Co.Ltd 2004.5() 01-003 Class 1 MB89R116 Fujitsu Ltd 2004.5() 01-004 Class 1 MB89R116 Fujitsu Ltd

WEBS UC berkely, http://webs.cs.berkely.edu NETS WiseNET Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology http://www.csem.ch/homepage WINS UCLA, http://www.janet.ucla.edu/wins/ DSN USC, http://dsn.east.isi.edu AMPS-II MIT, http://www-mtl.mit.edu/research/icsystems/uamps Great Duck Island The Most Sensed Campus GlacesWeb UC berkely, http://www.greatduckisland.net CMU, http://www.ices.cmu.edu/sensornets Envisense, http://envisense.org/glacsweb.htm Flock of Birds UW, http://lazowska.cs.washington.edu/r8hemi.lo3.pdf

802.11b WLAN BluetoothTMWPA N Low Rate WPAN ~100m 10~100m 10m 2~11Mb/s 1Mb/s ~0.25Mbps Medium Low Ultra Low Larger Smaller Smaller / Higher Medium Very Low

() PCL FTTH HFC 60bps~10kbps 10kbps~1Mbps 1~10Mbps 10~200Mbps 1.25Gbps DOCSIS 1.0 : 10(40)Mbps, 1(4)Mbps DOCSIS 2.0 : 30(40)Mbps, 5(7)Mbps DOCSIS 3.0 : 500m~1Km 10Km 500m() Km Home Networking HA(Home Automation), Broadband Service 54Mbps PLC HD TV PLCLSI /VoIP PC/TV VoD HFC / VoIP CATV TV VoD / Terayon DOCSIS 2.0 CMTS

2006 2007 2008 2009 Cable DMB TV C W VoIP C W HFC/Cable Modem W DVB-RCS T C W S-DMB C W C T-DMB W DVB-H W UDSL C W PLC W FTTx C W WiBro C W HSDPA C W WCDMA W 4G * T: C: W: T

Open Mobile Alliance e tur ecdriven t i ch ss ArWirele 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3rd Generation Partnership Project2 Define IMS network elements and infrastructure Harmonization effort has kept definitions as similar as possible ols To Internet Engineering Task Force Nearing agreement to use 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS International Telecommunication Union Q.1912.SIP covers interworking between ITU-T ISUP and SIP H.248 for media control Multiservice Switching Forum American National Standards Institute T1.679 covers interworking between ANSI ISUP and SIP Defining standards for open interoperable systems cy ga e L Defines SIP, SDP and other protocols underlying IMS IMS is driving some of the work in IETF Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions The Parlay Group Integral to IMS architecture, define standard API frameworks Agreement on reuse of 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS in comprehensive NGN plans Defining IMS services, e.g. Instant Messaging, Push-to-Talk Not strictly mobile oriented, driving wireline services also ETSI TISPAN - Merger of TIPHON (VoIP) and SPAN (Fixed) s ce rvi e S rged onve C & res lin e Wire rchitectu A 그림 3-1 IMS의 표준화 체계 두 번째로, PSTN/PLMN 등 기존 망과 IMS망과의 연동을 위한 분야가 있다. 망간 연동을 위 해 기존 ISUP 신호방식을 표준화한 ITU, ANSI에서 추진 중이다. 주요 작업은 SIP 신호방식 과 기존 ISUP 간의 연동 및 미디어 제어를 위한 H.248 프로토콜의 변경 등을 수행하고 있 다. 셋 째로는 IMS의 핵심 구조의 표준화를 진행하고 있는 3GPPs 작업이다. 주요 업무는 IMS를 구성하고 있는 각 기능 실체들의 내용을 정의하고 상위 요구사항. 기능 흐름 및 세부 프로 토콜을 정의하며, 3GPP와 3GPP2간의 조화를 위한 공동의 용어 사용, 공통성(commonality) 및 상호 연동성(interoperability) 확보에 노력하고 있다. 다음은 IMS의 핵심 프로토콜인 SIP와 SDP의 표준화 분야가 있다. 이는 인터넷 RFC 표준을 생성하는 IETF에서 표준화를 진행 중이며 SIP를 위한 기존 RFC3261 외에 필요에 따라 이동 망을 고려한 Extension, 헤더 등을 정의하며 SIP/SDP 프로토콜을 개정하고 있다. ６０

Based on 3GPP IMS R6 IP Connectivity Access Network And related functionality Network Attachment Functionality Applications Other Multimedia Subsystems (RTSP - based) Streaming services (SIP -based) IP Multimedia Subsystem (Core IMS) (SIP - I based) PSTN/ISDN Emulation Subsystem PSTN GW Resource and Admission Control Functionality GW Access Transport Network IP GW GW Core Transport Network 3GPP IP-CAN

Service stratum Application functions Customer DB functions Service and control functions Customer functions UNI Network entry functions Access Access Transport Transport functions functions Transport stratum Transport adaptation functions Network entry functions Core Transport Core Transport functions functions Media handling functions Gateway functions NNI Other Other networks networks Control Media Note: Charging and billing functions and Management functions are applied to both Service and Transport strata

IMS PSTN/ISDN emulation function PSTN/ISDN simulation function Multi media function Messaging function Presence function Terminal Function A-1 Application Server Function (may include own Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) A-2 Application Gateway Function S-9 S.Authentication & Authorization Function S-10 S-4 S-17 Registration User Profile DB Function Function LS Function S-13 S-1 Session Control Function PGCF S-18 S-11 S-19 S-12 Session Control Proxy Media Resource Control Function AGCF MGCF Function T-16 Transport Adaptation Transport Resource / Policy Control Function T-12 SGF Application Session & Call Control Network Border Other NGN other IP MM Network (e.g. IMS) NMS EMS Proxy Function Management T-6 AMGF T-7 Access Relay Function T-1 T-18 T. Authentication &Authorization Function T-20 T.Network Access Control Function T-4 T.Network Access Process Function T-8 Mobility Support Function T-15 Transport Resource & Enforcement Functions Packet Transport Function T-13 T-11 Media Resource Processing Function Traffic Measurement Function T-3 PGF T-9 TMGF Transport Internet PSTN/ISDN Scope of NGN All lines of this type attach to the corresponding input line at the CCF within session & call control Connection point

IMS Functions NGN Functions 1. CSCF Session Control Function 2.P-CSCF Session Control Proxy Function 3.MGCF MGCF 4.MGW TMGF 5.MRFP MRPF 6.MRCF MRCF 7.BGCF PGCF 8.IP-CAN Packet Transfer Function (Access Part) 9.AS ASF 10UE Terminal Function 11.HSS Terminal Function 12.Charging Function NMS 13.SLF

Based on IMS Applications Legacy Terminals IP Connectivity Access Network And related functionality GW User Profiles Network Attachment Functionality NASS Other Multimedia Components Streaming Services (RTSP based) PSTN / ISDN Emulation (SIP-I based) IP Multimedia Component ( IMS) (SIP based) Resource and Admission Control Functionality RACS Other Networks Customer Networks Access Transport Network Core transport Network NGN Terminals

(,, ) ()() VMS, UMS IM, SMS, MMS email BcN BcN TV GW (,, ) DTV,, VOD,, IP GW

1 2 3 QoS IPv6 QoS IPv6 QoS IPv6 MPLS IPv4/IPv6 MPLS GMPLS GMPLS, End-to-End

IP (SS7) IP Connection-Oriented Connection-less Connection-less. (time-based tariff)

Circuit Switched BSC & PCU Um Abis A BTS SCP TDM PSTN SIM Packet Control Unit (PCU) Forward data frames from TDM BSS to packet core New hardware in BSC Packet Switched Core FR Gb HLR IP Gn Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Packet transfer to, from serving area Registration, authentication, mobility management / handover, CDRs logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN AUC Gi Internet Corporate Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Gateway to external IP networks (VPN/ISP etc) IP network security GPRS session mgmt, AAAA CDRs for charging

/ / QoS Security Ipv6 Open API, G/W MOS 3.8 VoIP ( MOS 3.6 ),, / VoD DMB, near-vod Interactive TV(T-commerce, T-Government) MPLS IPv4/IPv6 / Open API G/W 50~100Mbps FTTC(VDSL, HFC ) FTTH 3G 11~54Mbps WLAN Digital CATV, / DMB 300

/ / / QoS Security IPv6 Open API MOS 4.0 ( ) VoIP, WLAN,, / VoD DMB MPLS GMPLS / Open API G/W 50~100Mbps FTTC(VDSL, HFC ) FTTH 50Mbps HPi 1,000 G/W, Ubiquitous

/ MOS 4.3 ( ) VoIP / 4G, FTTH / HD QoS GMPLS, End-to-End Security IPv6 Open API Open API G/W 50~100Mbps FTTH 50~100Mbps 4G HDTV Ubiquitous

End-to-end QoS delivered to user QoS-enabled Domain 1 QoS-enabled Domain 2 QoS-enabled Domain n

End to end QoS required by user (QoE) QoS-enabled Domain 1 QoS-enabled Domain 2 QoS-enabled Domain n

Service Domain QoSPE C1 To End User Domain QoSM S4 C2 Other Service Domains T2 I1 To End User Domain NPE I3 I4 RM I5 I3 Network Operator Domain I2 Other Network Operator Domains ICF TF ICF Media Path

Service Domain 1 Service Domain 2 Option 1a Option 1b Network Operator Domain 1 Network Operator Domain 2 Network Operator Domain 3 QST: QoS Signalling Type Media Path QoS Signalling Path Alternative QoS Signalling Paths Note: Terminal may also be a gateway Service Domain 1 Service Domain 2 Network Operator Domain 1 Network Operator Domain 2 Network Operator Domain 3 QST: QoS Signalling Type Media Path QoS Signalling Path Note: Terminal may also be a gateway

Application Application NI NSIS NSIS NSIS... NF NF NR RMF RMF : NSIS Peer-session

Sender Receiver Application Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 Application NE NE NE NE Signaling Messages Data Flow Messages NE NE NE NE NSLP 1 NSLP 2 NSLP 1 NTLP NTLP NTLP NTLP Signaling Messages

Policy Editing tool Directory Server PDP Other Services e.g., Event PEP PEP PEP Managed devices

PDP PDP Policy Server Policies Current state 2 PROCESS A CHANGE REQ 3 B 1 DEC DEC BOOT PEP PEP 4 INSTALL C INSTALL UPDATE, DELETE PIB Device

Ingress Ports (Datapath start) Classifier Meter PEP In Profile Out of Profile Queue Dropper Egress Ports Premium Subnet A Default Tunnel encapsulation MPLS Tunnel to Address Y Queue Scheduler Queue A DiffServ element

Classifier Meter In Profile PEP Classifier Queue Scheduler Premium Out of Profile User 1 User 2 Dropper PDP

Video telephone QoS H.263 SLS parameters Loss 3% Maximum bit rate 384kbps Average bit rate 64kbps Guaranteed bit rate 28.8kbps Priority Real time level Traffic class Video + Audio Delay 100ms Jitter 30ms Security Needed MTTF, MTTR, MTBF Needed Customer #USID-> External file Provider ASP, ISP or Network provider

CAIDA IST EURESCOM AQUILA TEQUILA CADENUS MESCAL P807 P906 P1008,. QoS IP, SLA/SLS IP (SLA/SLS) QoS QoS QoS QoS,, IP QoS,, Performance,,,, MESCAL SLA, SLA SLS. QUASI.

Service Option Loose Guarantees Statisitical Guarantees Hard Guatantees Characteristics Loose Statisitical Hard E2E QoS Performance Qualitative Qualitative/Quantitative Quantitative (Statistical guarantee) E2E Bandwidth No guarantee Statistical guarantee Guaranteed Topological Scope Any reachable destination Specific destinations Specific destinations

Authorization/ Authentication Route Termination Server Collection Clearinghouse $ $ Service Provider A OSP Internet or QoS Backbone OSP Service Provider B VoIP Zone Signaling Media VoIP Zone PSTN PSTN PSTN PSTN

IMS IP ( ) SBC IP ( ) IP (S-SCSF) QoS (P-CSCF PDF) SIP QoS

IX PAIX MFN IX IBX Equinix IX Chicago-NAP AADS Telco/ISP MAE MFS CIX CIX LINX LINX Council AMS-IX AMS-IX FRIX FT De-CIX Eco NSPIXP WIDE Project JPIX JPIX Inc. IX JPNAP IIJ Group STIX Sing Tel ISP SOX NUS() HKIX CHHK()

IX (Mbps) IX KIX L2, L3 KT-KIX L3 DIX L3 155/1G/2.5G/10G KINX L2, L3 PAIX MAE L2 ATM, L2 10/100/1G 15/155/622 MetroPAIX(,) 5 AMS-IX LINX Namex L2 L2 L2 10/100/1G 100/1G/10G 100/1G 4 LINX Telx Netnod L2 1G Parix VIX XchangePoint PacketExchange L2 L2 L2 L2, L3 10/100/1G 10/100/1G 10/100/1G 10/100/1G 3 Aubervilliers 4 DWDM 4 NSPIXP JPIX JPNAP HKIX L2 L2 L2 L2, L3 10/100/1G 10/100/1G/10G 100/1G 10/100/1G 3 6 (2)/(2) SOX L2

IX Chicago NAP 1994 147 AADS ATM PVC Full Mesh PacBell NAP 1994 55 AADS Peering agreement PVC PAIX 1996 Site 10~12 MFN Seattle PAIX Seattle Internet exchange(six) Layer 2 Switch Fabric MAE 1994 East : 74 West : 73 Central : 30 Frankfurt : 37 Paris : 19 MFS MAE Port Access WorldCom Equinix IEX 1998 - Equinix Open Peering Policy Metro IX 2001 9 MetroIX POP Gigabit LINK 1994 133 Council ISP, IPv6 XchangePoint 2001 31 XchangePoint Metro Area Interconnectivity WAIX 1997 43 WAIA Global Internet Transit JPIX 1997 96 JPIX, IPv6 HKIX 1995 68 ITSC CUHK, Global Internet KIX 1996 15 - KT-IX 1996 54 KT - DIX 1996 60 - KINX 1998 27 -

IX NSPIX, IX 1994 3(NSPIXP) 1996 10(NSPIXP-2) 1997 9(NSPIXP-3) 1999 8(NSPIXP-6) MEX 1997 9,,,,, IX JPIX 1997 11,, IX JANAP 2001 5, LAN IX, IX BBX 2002 2,,,,,,,,,, NSPIXP MPLS ASSOCIO 2002 11,,,, MPLS LSP IX

Facility MAE Services Ports Available IPv6 Colocation MAE-East MAE-West MAE-Central MAE-Los Angeles Regional & Extended Peering, Transit Regional & Extended Peering, Transit Regional & Extended Peering, Transit Regional & Extended Peering, Transit ATM, Frame, GigE ATM, Frame, GigE ATM, Frame, GigE ATM, Frame, GigE Yes Yes Yes YES MAE-Paris LAN 10/100 Ethernet Yes Yes MAE-Frankfurt LAN 10/100 Ethernet, GigE Yes Yes Yes Yes YES Yes

Site 100Mb 1Gb Tunk 1Gb 10Gb Rackspace Managed PI Telehouse North Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Telehouse East Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TeleCity Milharbour Y Y Y N Y Y Y TeleCity Harbour Exchange Y Y Y N Y Y Y RedBus Soverign House Y Y Y Y Y Y Y RedBus Harbour Exchange Y Y Y N Y Y Y Route Server

"Lite Switch Site" "Standard Switch Site" "Premium Switch Site". 1Gbps dark fibre 1Gbps LES circuit 48 standard Premium switch site MaNAP. 10 or 100 Mbps speed,. standard or switch sites ring topology 48 MaNAP. Site dark fibre,. 10/100 Mbps & 1Gbps. 10Gigabit Ethernet modules Standard switch site. 100Mbps or 1Gbps full duplex. Premium sites 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards dark fibre. Lite/Standard switch site equipment.

1 KT-IX ISP (130.55G): 39 ( 3.2G): 1 2 DACOM-IX ISP (50G): 40 ( 5G): 1 3 KINX KINX ISP (46.055G): 35 4 KIX ISP ( 27.2G): 5 ( 10.9G): 2

IX (: 4000M) ISP (: 46,055M) (Peering) (:bps) KIX(NCA): 4G (100M),(1G),(5G),,(2G),(1G), Skteltcom(1G),EPN(3G),(2G),(4G),(1G), (1G), KTHitel(5G),KTS(1G),(200M),(3G), (1G), (100M),(1G),(1G), (1G), (1G), (1G), (1G),(100M),(100M), (155M),(4G),KRNIC(2G),SK(1G),LG CNS(45M), CATV(1G) TCP/IP, BGP-4 L2 switch L2(Peering) Layer3, peering

Packet Marking AS Interface Current DSCP Mark DSCP to Packet Remarking AS Interface Current DSCP Mark DSCP to ISP1 BR1-A DSCP11 DSCP21 ISP5 BR5-D DSCP21 DSCP11 ISP2 BR2-B DSCP11 DSCP31 ISP5 BR5-E DSCP31 DSCP11 ISP3 BR3-C DSCP11 DSCP41 ISP5 BR5-F DSCP41 DSCP11

Packet Marking AS Interface Current DSCP Next hop Mark DSCP to ISP1 BR1-G DSCP11 BR5-J DSCP21 ISP2 BR2-H DSCP12 BR5-J DSCP21 ISP3 BR3-I DSCP13 BR5-J DSCP21 Packet Remarking AS Interface Current DSCP Other Info Remark DSCP to ISP1 BR1-J DSCP21 Eg)MAC Addr /VLAN Tag/ GRE Header DSCP11 ISP2 BR2-J DSCP21 DSCP12 ISP3 BR3-J DSCP21 DSCP113