#.3. - PDF 무료 다운로드

Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 43(3): 196-207 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2013.43.3.196 ISSN 1225-8318 Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim* Department of Biology and Basic Science Institute, Sungshin Women s University, Seoul 136-742, Korea (Received 17 June 2013; Accepted 18 August 2013) 한국산골풀속 ( 골풀과 ) 식물들의식별형질 김성민 김상태 * 성신여자대학교 ABSTRACT: As a recent infrageneric classification of Juncus (Juncaceae), Kirschner suggested two subgenera which are distinguished by the type of and the absence/presence of bracteole along with 10 sections which are distinguished by the characters of the leaves, the position of the, and types of stamens and seeds. However, an intensive morphological investigation on Korean Juncus has yet to be performed. We surveyed the morphological characters of 14 taxa distributed throughout the Korean peninsula, including one North Korean taxon. The quantitative and qualitative characters of rhizomes, leaves, s, flowers, fruits, and seeds were investigated on each taxon using about 950 specimens of Korean Juncus on loan from major Korean herbaria. As a result, we provide diagnostic characters with illustrations and a key to Korean Juncus. Keywords: Juncaceae, Juncus, morphological characters, key, electron microscopy 적요 : 전세계 Juncus ( 골풀속 ) 의속내분류체계는최근 Kirschner 에의해 2 아속 10 절로정리된바있으며, 두아속은소포의유무와화서에의해구분되며, 각각의절은잎의특징, 화서의위치, 수술, 종자의형질등에따라구분된다. 현재까지한국산 Juncus 분류군들을구분하는형질들에대한종합적검토는미흡한상태이다. 그러므로본연구는지금까지한반도에자생한다고보고된분류군들중채집및표본조사가가능한 14 개의 Juncus 분류군들에대하여국내 11 개표본관으로부터약 950 점의표본을대여하여조사하였고, 이들에대한지하경, 잎, 화서, 꽃, 과실, 종자등의외부형태학적형질들에대한형질상태의유형을파악하여도해하고, 분류군들간의구분성을검토하였다. 이를바탕으로주요식별형질들을이용한검색표를제시하였다. 주요어 : 골풀과, 골풀속, 형태형질, 검색표, 전자현미경 골풀속 (Juncus L., 1753) 이속하는골풀과 (Juncaceae Juss., 1789) 는세계적으로는 7 속 440 여종이남극을제외한전지역, 주로북온대의습지와고산지역에걸쳐광범위한서식지를갖는다 (Cronquist, 1981; Mabberley, 1987; Balslev, 1996; Kirschner, 2002a, b). 골풀과는수염뿌리를가지며지하경이발달하기도하고, 줄기는원형또는편평형이며, 엽초는닫히거나열리며, 화피는 6 개가 3 개씩 *Author for correspondence: amborella@sungshin.ac.kr http://www.pltaxa.or.kr Copyright 2013 the Korean Society of Plant Taxonomists 두줄로배열되어떨어져있고숙존하며, 수술은 3개또는 6개이며, 열매가삭과라는특징을갖는다. 전통적으로골풀과내에서는골풀속, 꿩의밥속 (Luzula DC.), Distichia Ness & Meyen, Marsippospermum Desv., Oxychloe Philippi, Patosia Buchen., Rostkovia Desv., Prionium E. Meyer의여덟속을인식하여왔으나 (Cronquist, 1981; Clemants, 1990; Takhtajan, 1997), 최근 rbcl 유전자에의한연구 (Munro and Linder, 1998) 는 Prionium이골풀과와분리되는단계통군 (monophyletic group) 임을보여주어 Prioniaceae S. L. Munro & H. P. Linder로승격시킴으로써최근에는일곱속만을골풀과에포함시키고있다 (Kirschner, 2002a, b). 이들일곱속들중에서골풀속의종다양성이가장높으며 (315종 ), 꿩의 196

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 197 밥속이그다음이다 (115종 ). 나머지 5속인 Distichia (3종), Marsippospermum (3종), Oxychloe (6종), Patosia (1종), Rostkovia (2종 ) 는종다양성이매우낮고, 한반도에분포하지않고남반구에서만서식한다 (Cronquist, 1981; Clemants, 1990; Balslev, 1996; Kirschner, 2002a, b; Roalson, 2005). 골풀속내의분류군들에대하여 Linnaeus (1753) 가최초로 15종을기재하였는데, 줄기에잎이있는부류와잎이없는부류를인식하였다. 이후 Buchenau (1890) 는최초로전세계의골풀과를정리하여출판하였는데, 꽃아래에소포가있는 prophyllati 와소포가없는 eprophyllati 로나누었고이들을화서와잎의유형에따라 8개의아속으로분류하여종기재와형태형질을도해한바있다. Satake는일본을포함한동아시아의골풀속에대하여외부형태적연구와잎의해부학적연구 (Sadake, 1931a, b), 종자의표피구조연구 (Sadake,1932) 등을통하여, 37분류군에대하여 5아속, 8절, 4아절 20열로분류하였고, 이들중 16종 2변종이한국에분포함을밝혔다 (Sadake,1938). Novara (1976) 는소포가있는종은취산화서 (cyme) 를갖고소포가없는종은총상화서 (raceme) 를갖는다는특징을인식하였고, Brooks and Kuhn (1986), Kardrym and Khalik (2010) 등은종자의형태와크기가종을구별하는형질로유용함을제시한바있다. 최근골풀속을포함한골풀과전체에대한분류학적재고찰이이루어진바있는데 (Kirschner 2002a, b), 여기에서골풀속은 2아속 10절의 315 종으로정리되어기재된바있다. 골풀속에속하는한국산분류군에대해서는 Palibin (1901) 이 J. compressus Jacq., J. effusus L. 와 J. pauciflorus R. Br를보고한이래 Nakai (1911; 9종 ), Chung et al. (1937; 6종 ), Satake (1938; 16종 2변종 ), Park (1949; 18종 2변종 ), Nakai (1952; 16종 4변종 ), Chung (1957, 1965; 13종 ), Lee (1989; 15 종 2변종 ), Lee, Y. N. (1996; 15종 2변종 ), Lee, W. T. (1996a, b; 16종 2변종 ), Im (2000; 19종 6변종 ) 은각각다르게분류군들을인식하였지만, 최근정리된국가표준식물목록 (Korea National Arboretum and the Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea, 2007) 에서는날개골풀 (J. alatus Franch. & Sav.), 참골풀 (J. brachyspathus Maxim.), 애기골풀 (J. bufonius L.), 별날개골풀 (J. diastrophanthus Buchen.), 골풀 (J. decipiens (Buchen.) Nakai = J. effusus var. decipiens Buchen.), 물골풀 (J. gracillimus V. I. Krecz. & Gontsch.), 갯골풀 (J. haenkei E. May.), 한라골풀 (J. hallasanensis T. H. Chung), 비녀골풀 (J. krameri Franch. & Sav.), 참비녀골풀 (J. prismatocarpus subsp. leschenaultii (Laharpe) Kirschner = J. leschenaultii J. Gay.), 실비녀골풀 (J. maximowiczii Buchen.), 솔비녀골풀 (J. ounsanensis T. H. Chung), 청비녀골풀 (J. papillosus Franch. & Sav.), 백두실골풀 (J. potaninii Buchen.), 푸른갯골풀 (J. setchuensis Buchen. = J. setchuensis var. effusoides Buchen.), 태백비녀골풀 (J. stygius L.), 길골풀 (J. tenuis Willd.), 설령골풀 (J. triceps Rostk.), 구름골풀 (J. triglumis L.), 눈비녀골풀 (J. wallichianus Lahar.) 의 20 분류군을인식하고있다. 비슷한시기에정리된 The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea (Oh and Lee, 2007) 에서는한라골풀과솔비녀골풀을제외한 18 분류군을수록하였다. Kim (2012) 은북한에분포하는 5 종을제외한한국산분류군들을재고찰하여 14 분류군으로정리하였는데, 러시아, 일본에분포한다고알려져있었던검정납작골풀 (J. fauriei Lév. & Vaniot) 을미기록종으로포함한바있다. 한반도의골풀속분류군들은 Kirschner (2002a, b) 가인식한 10 개의절들중, 청비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀은 sect. Ozophyllum 에, 실비녀골풀, 백두실골풀, 설령골풀, 구름골풀은 sect. Stygiopsis 에, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀은 sect. Iridifolii 에, 애기골풀은 sect. Tenageia 에, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 갯골풀, 참골풀, 검정납작골풀은 sect. Juncotypus 에, 길골풀, 물골풀은 sect. Steirochloa 에속한다. 본연구에서는채집및표본조사가가능한한반도에분포하는골풀속에속하는 14 분류군들에대하여표본들에대한조사를실시하였다. 이들의형태적연구를통하여형질들의유형을구분하고형질상태들의연속성을파악하여분류군들간의구분성을확인하였고, 이를바탕으로골풀속에속하는분류군들에대한검색표를작성하였다. 재료및방법 본연구에사용된실험재료는 2009 년부터 2012 년에자생지에서채집한생체표본들과성신여자대학교표본관 (SWU), 서울대학교표본관 (SNU), 서울대학교수우식물표본관 (SNUA), 국립수목원표본관 (KH), 국립생물자원관표본관 (NIBR), 고려대학교표본관 (KUS), 이화여자대학교표본관 (EWH), 성균관대학교표본관 (SKK), 강원대학교표본관 (KWNU), 아주대학교표본관 (AJOU), 충북대학교표본관 (CBU) 에소장된석엽표본들을이용하였다. 골풀속식물의종자의모양과표피는주사전자현미경으로관찰하였다. 이를위하여먼저종자표면의이물질제거를위해생체및석엽표본에서채취한종자를증류수가담긴초음파세척기 (NXP1002, Nexul, Korea) 에서약 20 분처리후자연건조시켰고, 건조된종자는약 30-40 nm 두께로백금이온증착후주사전자현미경 (SEM; JSM-7500F, Jeol, Japan) 을이용하여관찰하였다. 결과및고찰 식물의생태형 : 생태형은다년생초본과일년생초본으로나눌수있으며, 일년생초본은애기골풀이고, 나머지분류군은모두다년생초본이다. 뿌리 : 뿌리는수염뿌리를가지며, 청비녀골풀에서는지하뿌리에별모양의부정아 (adventitious bud) 를형성하기도한다 (Fig. 1D). 지하경및포복경 : 네가지유형의지하경및포복경이

198 Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim Fig. 2. Cross section of stem of Korean Juncus. A, Terete; B, Subterete; C, Flat; D, Winged flat. Fig. 1. Rhizome and stolon types of the Korean Juncus. A, Denselyinternoded rhizome; B, Short-internoded rhizome; C, Long-internoded rhizome; D, Stolon. a, internode; b, stolon; c, adventitious bud. 관찰된다. 애기골풀은일년생초본으로지하경이없이총생한다. 다년생인나머지분류군중구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 길골풀등은절간이매우짧아줄기가총생하는것으로보이는밀집절간지하경형 (densely-internoded rhizome type; Fig. 1A) 이고, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀은지하경이발달하여옆으로벋지만마디간격이매우짧은형태인단절간지하경형 (short-internoded rhizome type; Fig. 1B), 비녀골풀과물골풀은지하경이발달하여옆으로벋고마디간격이길고뚜렷한형태인장절간지하경형 (long-internoded type; Fig. 1C), 청비녀골풀은특징적으로지상에서포복지 (stolon) 가벋는형태인포복지형 (stolon type; Fig. 1D) 이다. 줄기 : 줄기의단면은원형 (terete), 타원형 (subterete), 편평형 (flat), 편평날개형 (winged flat) 으로구분된다 (Fig. 2). 원형에해당하는분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀이며, 타원형에해당하는분류군은눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이다. 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀은줄기의단면이납작하고날개가달려있어줄기의폭이다른종들과차이가난다. 날개가없는편평형의줄기는최근한반도미기록종으로보고된 (Kim et al., 2012) 검정납작골풀에서만발견된다. Fig. 3. Leaf terminology of the Korean Juncus. A, Cauline leaf; B, Basal leaf; C, Cataphyll. 잎 : 잎은형태와위치에따라인엽 (cataphyll), 근생엽 (basal leaf), 경생엽 (cauline leaf) 으로나뉘는데, 이세가지잎을모두갖거나, 인엽만을갖거나, 근생엽과인엽만을갖는유형이있다 (Fig. 3, Table 1). 인엽은줄기의기부에비늘모양으로줄기를감싸며선단부가급첨두로뾰족하며분류군에따라 1-4 장이다. 인엽이여러장일경우각각의인엽의길이는안쪽으로갈수록길어진다 (Fig. 3C). 근생엽이나경생엽이없고인엽만을갖는분류군은골풀, 푸른갯골풀과검정납작골풀이다. 근생엽은줄기의기부에서나오는잎으로경생엽과동일한모양이며분류군에따라 1-4 장의근생엽을갖는다. 경생엽은원줄기의마디부위에서나오며, 하부에열린모양의엽초가줄기를감싸고, 분류군에따라 1-4 장으로나타난다. 길골풀의경우근생엽 (1-2 장 ) 과인엽 (1 장 ) 을갖으나경생엽을갖지않아

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 199 서경생엽을갖는다른종들과구별된다. 경생엽과근생엽의횡단면은원형 (terete), 타원형 (subterete), 납작형 (flat), 양가장자리가위로약간말리는내권형 (involute) 의네가지유형으로구분된다 (Fig. 4A, Table 1). 횡단면이원형인것은구름골풀, 눈비녀골풀이고, 타원형인것은실비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 납작형인것은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 내권형인것은애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀이다. 잎에가로로발달한격막은일부절을구분하는 데유용한형질이다. 완전한격막 (perfectly septate) 은 sect. Ozophyllum 에속하는눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀에서발견되고, 불완전격막 (imperfectely septate) 은 sect. Iridifolii 에속하는날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀에서발견된다 (Fig. 4B, Table 1). 경생엽과근생엽의정단부는둔두 (obtuse) 와예두 (acute) 의두가지형태로구분된다 (Fig. 4C, Table 1). 정단부가둔두인분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이고, 예두인것은날개 Table 1. Qualitative morphological characters of the Korean Juncus Taxa J. prismatocarpus J. triglumis J. maximowiczii J. alatus J. diastrophanthus Characters subsp. leschenaultii J. wallichianus C1. Plant longevity perennial perennial perennial perennial perennial perennial C2. Plant caespitose yes yes yes yes yes yes C3. Rhizome/stolon C4. Cross section of stem terete terete winged flat winged flat winged flat subterete C5. Cataphyll absent present present present present present C6. Basal leaf present present present present present present C7. Cauline leaf present present present present present present C8. Cauline leaf apex obtuse obtuse acute acute acute acute C9. Auricle present present present present present present C10. Auricle shape obtuse obtuse obtuse obtuse obtuse obtuse C11. Septation of leaf blade not septate not septate imperfectly imperfectly imperfectly perfectly C12. Inflorescence type head type raceme raceme raceme raceme raceme raceme C13. Primary bract shape _ leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like C14. Primary bract apex _ obtuse acute acute acute acute C15. Primary bract relative length _ C16. Bracteole absent absent absent absent absent absent C17. Bracteole shape C18. Bracteole apex C19. Tepal shape ovate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate C20. Tepal apex obtuse obtuse acute acute acute acute C21. Variation of tepals outer > inner equal inner > outer inner > outer equal inner > outer C22. Length between mature fruit and tepal tepal > fruit equal fruit > tepal fruit > tepal fruit > tepal fruit > tepal C23. Number of stamen six six six three three three C24. Fruit shape C25. Number of locule(s) in a fruit C26. Seed shape imperfectly imperfectly narrowly narrowly unilocular unilocular unilocular unilocular ovoid- C27. Seed appendage present present absent absent absent absent

200 Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim Table 1. Continued. J. krameri J. papillosus J. bufonius J. tenuis J. gracillimus J. decipiens J. setchuensis J. fauriei C1 perennial perennial annual perennial perennial perennial perennial perennial C2 no no yes yes no no no no C3 longinternoded stolon absent longinternoded shortinternoded shortinternoded longinternoded C4 subterete subterete terete terete terete terete terete flat C5 present present present present present present present present C6 present present present present present absent absent absent C7 present present present present present absent absent absent C8 obtuse obtuse acute _ acute _ C9 present present absent present present absent absent absent C10 obtuse rounded _ rounded obtuse _ C11 perfectly perfectly not septate not septate not septate _ C12 raceme raceme cyme cyme cyme pseudolateral cyme pseudolateral cyme pseudolateral cyme C13 leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like leaf-like stem-like stem-like stem-like C14 obtuse obtuse acute acute acute acute acute acute C15 longer than longer than longer than longer than longer than C16 absent absent present present present present present present C17 ovate lanceolate ovate lanceolate ovate ovate C18 acute acute obtuse acute acute acute C19 lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate ovate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate C20 acute acute acute acute obtuse acute acute acute C21 inner > outer inner > outer outer > inner outer > inner equal outer > inner outer > inner outer > inner C22 fruit > tepal fruit > tepal tepal > fruit tepal > fruit fruit > tepal equal fruit > tepal fruit > tepal C23 six or three three six six six three three six C24 C25 unilocular unilocular ovoid imperfectly ovoid imperfectly ovoid imperfectly ovoid imperfectly C26 globoid lunate-obovoid lunate-obovoid lunate- obovoid C27 absent absent absent absent absent absent absent absent 골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀이다. 경생엽의경우엽신과만나는엽초부분에귀모양의막질인엽이 (auricle) 가둔두 (obtuse), 원두 (rounded) 인분류군들과엽이가없는분류군이있다 (Fig. 4D, Table 1). 엽이가둔두인것은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 물골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀이며, 원두인것은청비녀골풀, 길골풀 ( 근생엽 ) 이고, 애기골풀은엽이가없다. 화서와포 : Kirschner (2002a, b) 는 subg. Agathryon 은취산 화서 (cyme) 로, subg. Juncus 는총상화서 (raceme) 로인식하였는데, 한반도의골풀속식물들은이를반영하고있다. 취산화서를형성하는분류군은애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이며, 총상화서를형성하는분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이다. 기본화서형들과구분되는변이들로는구름골풀은화서의절간이줄어든두상총상화서 (head-type raceme) 를갖고 (Fig. 1A, Table 1), 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀은포가

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 201 Fig. 4. Leaf characters of the Korean Juncus. A, Shape of cross section (a, terete; b, subterete; c, flat; d, involute); B, Septation (a, not septate; b, imperfectly septate, c, perfectly septate); C, Apex (a, obtuse; b, acute); D, Auricle (a, absent; b, rounded; c, obtuse). 화병과일직선으로뻗어취산화서가측생하는것처럼보이는가측생취산화서 (pseudolateral cyme) 를갖는다 (Fig. 1D, Table 1). 화서밑의일차포의모양은잎유사형 (leaflike) 과줄기유사형 (stem-like) 이있다. 일차포가잎유사형인분류군은실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀이며, 줄기유사형인분류군은골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다. 구름골풀는유일하게일차포가없다. 일차포의길이는화서보다짧거나길며정단모양은둔두이거나예두이다. 일차포의정단모양이둔두인분류군은비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이며, 예두인분류군은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다. 실비녀골풀의경우화서기부에화병이있으며, 화병밑에짧은잎같은포가있다. 소포 : 각낱꽃의기부에화피를감싸는 1 쌍의난형또는피침형의막질소포 (bracteole) 가있거나없다 (Fig. 6). 소포의유무는 Kirschiner 의분류체계 (2002a, b) 상의두아속을구분하는형질이다. 소포가없는 subg. Juncus 에속하는분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이며, 소포를갖는 subg. Agathryon 에속하는분류군은애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다. 난상소포를갖는분류군은애기골풀, 물골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이 Fig. 5. Inflorescence types of the Korean Juncus. A, Head-type raceme; B, Raceme; C, Cyme; D, Pseudolateral cyme; a, primary bract. Fig. 6. Flower terminology of the Korean Juncus. A: ST, stigma; CA, carpel; STA, stamen; OT, outer tepal; IT, inner tepal; B: CA, carpel (fruit); IT, inner tepal; OT, outer tepal; BR, bracteole; C: TE, tepal; AN, anther; FL, filament.

202 Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim 며, 피침형의소포를갖는분류군은길골풀과골풀이다. 꽃 : 화피는 6 장이 3 개씩 2 줄로배열한다. 대부분피침형 (lanceolate) 의화피를이루고있으나, 구름골풀과물골풀의경우난형 (ovate) 의화피를이루고있어서다른분류군들과뚜렷한차이를보인다. 화피의가장자리는주로막질이다. 화피열편의정단은둔두이거나예두이다. 화피열편의정단이둔두인분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 물골풀이며, 예두인분류군은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다. 내화피가외화피보다긴분류군은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀청비녀골풀이며, 내화피와외화피의길이가비슷한분류군은실비녀골풀, 참비녀골풀, 물 골풀이고, 내화피가외화피보다짧은분류군은구름골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다 (Table 1, 2). 수술의수는분류군에따라 3 개또는 6 개가화피와대생으로배열하는데, 수술이화피보다긴분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이며, 화피보다짧은분류군은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 길골풀, 물골풀, 골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다 (Fig. 6, Table 1, 2). 암술머리는모든분류군에서 3 개로깊게갈라진다. 과실 : 과실은 3 개의봉선으로포배열개하는삭과 (capsule) 인데, 삼릉상타원형 ( ) 과난형 (ovoid) 으로구분된다 (Fig. 7, Table 1). 과실이삼릉상타원형인분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 날개골풀, 별날개골풀, Table 2. Quantitative morphological characters of the Korean Juncus. Taxa J. prismatocarpus J. triglumis J. maximowiczii J. alatus J. diastrophanthus Characters ssp. leschenaultii J. wallichianus C1. Plant height (cm) 19 (21.1) 23 7.1 (11.2) 15.0 31.5 (36.7) 41.5 15.3 (29.8) 51.0 13.8 (21.5) 28.0 22 (29.8) 43.8 C2. Stem height (cm) 18.2 (20.3) 22.2 6.5 (10.5) 14.5 26 (29.7) 36.1 10.4 (21.5) 36.5 9.6 (15.4) 20.0 16.1 (21.7) 30.8 C3. Stem diameter (mm) 0.7 (0.9) 1.1 0.2 (0.4) 0.6 2.1 (2.3) 2.5 1.3 (1.7) 2.4 0.9 (1.3) 1.8 1.0 (1.1) 1.6 C4. Internode length (cm) 2.0 (2.6) 3.5 0.0 (2.6) 5.3 7.5 (8.4) 10.4 2.7 (6.9) 15.3 3.3 (5.3) 8.2 5.0 (8.0) 12.3 C5. Basal leaf number (no.) 1.0 (1.8) 2.0 1.0 (1.8) 3.0 0.0 (0.8) 1.0 0.0 (1.2) 2.0 0.0 (0.5) 1.0 0.0 (0.3) 1.0 C6. Basal leaf legth (cm) 5.0 (6.3) 7.0 6.2 (10.2) 15.4 0.0 (8.5) 16.1 1.9 (14.0) 83 0.0 (5.2) 13.6 0.0 (4.2) 4.8 C7. Cauline leaf number (no.) 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 1.0 (1.8) 2.0 3.0 (3.8) 5.0 2.0 (3.1) 4.0 2.0 (2.9) 3.0 2.0 (2.8) 3.0 C8. Cauline leaf legth (cm) 4.0 (9.7) 12 6.3 (6.9) 7.3 10.0 (13.3) 18.4 6.1 (11.2) 19.9 3.4 (7.2) 10.3 1.9 (9.8) 11.8 C9. Cauline leaf width (mm) 0.5 (0.8) 1.0 0.7 (0.9) 1.1 2.6 (3.3) 3.6 1.4 (2.6) 4.3 0.9 (1.7) 2.5 1.0 (1.5) 1.8 C10. Leaf sheath number (no.) 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 1.0 (1.8) 2.0 3.0 (3.8) 5.0 2.0 (3.1) 4.0 2.0 (2.9) 3.0 2.0 (2.8) 3.0 C11. Leaf sheath length (cm) 2.0 (2.8) 3.8 0.7 (1.2) 1.6 3.0 (3.1) 3.2 1.7 (3.2) 5.7 0.9 (2.4) 2.8 1.8 (3.0) 4.4 C12. Cataphyll number (no.) 0.0 1.0 (1.3) 2.0 0.0 (0.3) 1.0 0.0 (1.1) 2.0 0.0 (0.2) 1.0 1.0 (1.0) 1.0 C13. Cataphyll length (cm) 0.0 0.4 (0.8) 1.0 0.0 (0.6) 2.4 0.0 (1.7) 2.9 0.0 (0.5) 2.8 0.0 (1.8) 2.3 C14. Inflorescence length (cm) 0.7 (0.8) 0.8 0.5 (0.6) 0.7 2.3 (6.4) 12.0 2.7 (8.6) 14.4 3.6 (6.0) 10.1 3.7 (6.8) 12.1 C15. Inflorescence width (cm) 0.7 (0.8) 0.9 0.4 (0.5) 0.6 1.5 (4.2) 11 2.1 (6.5) 11.9 1.7 (4.2) 7.8 2.2 (4.5) 10.3 C16. Lower bract length (cm) 0.0 0.0 2.3 (3.4) 5.0 1.1 (3.9) 6.9 1.0 (2.8) 3.9 1.8 (3.6) 8.7 C17. Lower bract width (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.5 (1.4) 2.5 0.4 (1.3) 2.6 0.3 (1.1) 1.8 0.5 (0.9) 1.7 C18. Bracteole number (no.) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C19. Bracteole length (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C20. Bracteole width (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C21. Tepal legth (mm) 4.4 (5.0) 5.5 3.1 (3.3) 3.6 3.3 (3.4) 3.7 3.0 (3.5) 4.1 3.2 (3.4) 3.9 2.1 (3.0) 3.3 C22. Tepal width (mm) 1 (1.2) 1.5 0.8 (0.9) 1.0 0.9 (1.0) 1.1 0.5 (0.6) 0.8 0.3 (0.6) 0.7 0.5 (0.6) 0.8 C23. Stamen number (no.) 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 C24. Capsule length (mm) 3.8 (4.1) 4.3 3.5 (4.1) 5.0 3.5 (3.8) 4.0 3.7 (4.7) 5.5 3.5 (3.9) 4.4 3.1 (4.0) 4.5 C25. Capsule width (mm) 1.5 (1.6) 1.7 1.6 (2.4) 3.0 1.2 (1.4) 1.6 0.9 (1.1) 1.4 1.0 (1.2) 1.4 0.9 (1.1) 1.5 C26. Seed length (mm) 1.2 (1.4) 1.7 1.2 (1.4) 1.5 0.4 (0.4) 0.5 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 C27. Seed width (mm) 0.1 (0.2) 0.2 0.1 (0.2) 0.3 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.2) 0.3 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.2) 0.2

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 203 Table 2. Continued. J. krameri J. papillosus J. bufonius J. tenuis J. gracillimus J. decipiens J. setchuensis J. fauriei C1 17 (42.7) 55.0 15.0 (34.3) 70.0 9.2 (14.8) 23.5 19.5 (38.8) 82.5 33.5 (58.2) 95.0 7.8 (67.9) 130.0 35.0 (62.3) 90.0 40.0 (52.5) 60.0 C2 10.0 (32.8) 42.0 7.6 (23.4) 46.5 4.4 (7.8) 11.5 12.0 (30.3) 73 34.0 (48.8) 75 21.0 (56.6) 112.023.0 (46.9) 74.0 26.0 (36.8) 50.0 C3 1.0 (1.4) 1.8 0.7 (1.2) 1.8 0.4 (0.6) 0.9 0.5 (0.8) 1.5 0.6 (0.9) 1.4 1.0 (1.5) 1.9 0.9 (1.2) 1.6 0.9 (1.4) 1.7 C4 5.9 (11.3) 16.5 3.1 (7.7) 11.5 0.0 (2.7) 5.1 1.0 (1.8) 4.4 5.9 (15.3) 29 0.0 0.0 0.9 (1.2) 1.5 C5 0.0 (1.0) 1.0 1.0 (1.1) 2.0 0.0 (1.0) 1.0 1.0 (1.9) 2.0 2.0 (2.5) 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C6 0.0 (8.1) 15.5 2.6 (6.7) 13.1 0.0 (2.9) 4.8 8.9 (14.8) 19.7 15.0 (27.7) 39 0.0 0.0 0.0 C7 2.0 (2.8) 3.0 2.0 (3.0) 4.0 1.0 (1.6) 2.0 0.0 1.0 (1.9) 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C8 1.1 (19.5) 28.0 1.7 (13.4) 25.0 0.3 (0.7) 1.0 0.0 1.3 (2.3) 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 C9 1.0 (1.7) 2.3 0.7 (1.6) 2.5 0.4 (0.6) 0.8 0.0 0.7 (0.9) 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 C10 2.0 (2.8) 3.0 2.0 (3.0) 4.0 1.0 (1.6) 2.0 0.0 3.0 (4.3) 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C11 2.3 (4.2) 6.0 2.0 (2.9) 5.9 0.6 (1.2) 1.5 0.0 2.0 (7.8) 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 C12 0.0 0.0 (0.1) 0.1 0.0 (1.0) 1.0 0.0 (0.2) 1.0 0.0 (0.4) 1.0 2.0 (2.9) 4.0 2.0 (2.5) 3.0 2.0 (3.0) 4.0 C13 0.0 0.0 (0.2) 2.8 0.0 (1.3) 2.1 0.0 (0.4) 2.5 0.0 (1.1) 3.5 4.2 (11.1) 20.1 5.0 (8.9) 13.6 7.1 (8.2) 8.6 C14 4.9 (10.0) 14.5 3.7 (10.4) 22.5 2.9 (6.7) 15.3 2.0 (4.4) 9.2 2.4 (5.4) 7.8 1.5 (2.9) 4.1 1.8 (3.8) 6.5 3.7 (4.1) 4.5 C15 2.0 (5.2) 10.6 2.1 (6.9) 15.4 0.9 (2.5) 7.0 1.0 (2.4) 7.7 1.1 (2.1) 4.0 1.0 (2.7) 3.8 0.9 (2.6) 5.5 1.7 (2.0) 2.3 C16 2.0 (5.7) 10.8 1.6 (3.5) 5.8 2.1 (4.3) 8.5 4.5 (8.7) 15.3 4.8 (8.3) 18.5 7.1 (14.2) 25.5 7.0 (15.3) 29.0 6.0 (9.7) 13.0 C17 0.7 (1.0) 1.6 0.3 (0.8) 2.0 0.2 (0.5) 0.7 0.4 (0.7) 1.0 0.3 (0.6) 0.8 0.8 (3.0) 2.5 0.7 (1.0) 1.4 1.0 (1.2) 1.3 C18 0.0 0.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 2.0 (2.0) 2.0 C19 0.0 0.0 1.6 (2.4) 3.4 1.5 (1.8) 2.3 0.9 (1.3) 1.7 1.0 (1.2) 1.5 0.9 (1.3) 1.6 1.8 (1.9) 1.9 C20 0.0 0.0 1.0 (1.5) 2.0 0.9 (1.2) 1.5 0.7 (0.9) 1.5 0.6 (0.8) 1.1 0.6 (1.0) 1.4 1.4 (1.5) 1.5 C21 2.3 (2.9) 3.7 2.0 (2.2) 2.6 5.2 (5.5) 6.3 3.5 (4.1) 4.6 1.6 (2.1) 2.5 2.1 (2.4) 2.6 2.0 (2.6) 3.0 2.9 (3.1) 3.4 C22 0.6 (0.7) 0.8 0.4 (0.6) 0.7 0.8 (1.1) 1.4 0.9 (1.0) 1.3 0.6 (0.7) 0.9 0.5 (0.6) 1.0 0.8 (0.9) 1.2 0.9 (1.2) 1.5 C23 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 6.0 (6.0) 6.0 C24 2.3 (3.1) 3.8 2.6 (3.6) 4.5 2.0 (3.7) 4.5 2.1 (2.9) 3.4 1.3 (2.0) 2.7 2.3 (2.5) 2.7 1.9 (2.6) 3.1 3.0 (3.5) 4.0 C25 0.8 (1.0) 1.2 0.6 (0.9) 1.1 0.8 (1.5) 2.7 1.3 (1.8) 2.4 1.2 (1.3) 2.2 1.1 (1.4) 1.8 1.0 (1.7) 2.0 1.8 (1.9) 2.0 C26 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 0.3 (0.5) 0.6 0.3 (0.46) 0.5 0.3 (0.4) 0.5 0.5 (0.5) 0.6 0.4 (0.5) 0.6 0.7 (0.8) 0.9 C27 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.2) 0.3 0.1 (0.19) 0.2 0.1 (0.17) 0.2 0.2 (0.2) 0.3 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 0.4 (0.5) 0.5 * minimum (mean) maximum 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 애기골풀, 골풀이며, 난형인분류군은길골풀, 물골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이다. 과실의방 (locule) 은 1 실형 (unilocular), 3 실형 (), 불완전 3 실형 (= 3 격막형 ; imperfectly ) 으로구분된다. 과실의방이 1 실인분류군은날개골풀, 별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀이며, 불완전 3 실인분류군은구름골풀, 실비녀골풀, 길골풀, 물비녀골풀, 푸른갯골풀, 검정납작골풀이고, 3 실을갖는분류군은애기골풀과골풀이다. 종자 : 종자는꼬리모양의부속체를갖는 (appendaged) 좁은타원체형 (narrowly ), 타원형 (), 난상타원형 (ovoid-), 초승달모양의도란형 (lunate obovoid), 구형 (globoid) 으로분류된다 (Fig. 8, Table 1). 부속체가달려 있는좁은타원형의종자를갖는분류군은구름골풀과실비녀골풀이며, 타원형을갖는분류군은별날개골풀, 참비녀골풀, 눈비녀골풀, 비녀골풀, 청비녀골풀, 골풀, 검정납작골풀이고, 난상타원체를갖는분류군은날개골풀이고, 초승달모양의도란형은길골풀, 물골풀, 푸른갯골풀이고, 구형을갖는분류군은애기골풀이다. 종자의표피세포는사각형또는다각형의세포로이루어지는데, 두꺼운망상맥을형성하는세포벽사이는결절이발달되고, 망상무늬안쪽에다시세포벽이얇은맥을형성한다 (Fig. 9). 골풀속식물의종자표피구조는속내절또는종간의분류형질로사용된바있는데 (Satake, 1932; Brooks & Kuhn, 1986; Kardrym & Khalik, 2010), 본논문에서는한국산골풀속식물의종자에대해서부속체의존재, 종자의형태만을분류

204 Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim Fig. 7. Fruit types of the Korean Juncus. A and B, ovoid; C and D, oblong. A and C, horizontal view; B and D, top view. Fig. 8. Seed types of the Korean Juncus. A, Narrowly ; B, Globoid; C, Lunate obovoid; D, Ovoid ; E. Ellipsoid. 군들을구분할수있는형질로사용하였고, 표피무늬에대한자세한형질들의이용을위해서는향후추가적인연구를통해분류군내변이파악이선행되어야할것으로생각된다. 질적형질들의유형구분과양적형질들의측정값들은 Table 1 과 Table 2 에종합하였고, 이들을바탕으로한반도에분포하는골풀속분류군들에대한검색표를작성하였다. 한국산골풀속분류군검색표 1. 화서는총상화서이고, 꽃에한쌍의소포가없으며, 여러개의꽃이밀집화를이룬다 [Subg. Juncus] 2. 화서는 1개의두상화를이루며, 종자에꼬리모양의부속체가있다 [sect. Stygiopsis] 3. 화피는담갈색이고, 화서기부에화병이없다 구름골풀J. triglumis 3. 화피는흰색이고, 화서기부에화병이있으며화병밑에잎같은작은포가있다 실비녀골풀J. maximowiczii 2. 화서는여러개의두상화를이루고, 종자에꼬리모양의부속체가없다. 4. 잎은납작하며다관질이며불완전한격막을갖고줄기에날개가있다 [sect. Iridifolli] 5. 수술은 6개이고줄기에넓은날개가있다 날개골풀J. alatus 5. 수술은 3개이고줄기에좁은날개가있다. 6. 두상화는구형이고, 열매길이는화피보다매우길다 별날개골풀J. diastrophanthus 6. 두상화는반구형이고, 열매길이는화피와비슷하다 참비녀골풀J. prismatocarpus subsp. leschenaultii 4. 잎은원형이거나타원형이며단관질이고완전한격막을가지며, 줄기에날개가없다 [sect. Ozophyllum] 7. 잎은원형이며, 지하경은밀집절간형이다 눈비녀골풀J. wallichianus 7. 잎은타원형이며, 지하경은장절간형또는포복지형이다. 8. 지하경은장절간형이며, 두상화는 4-10개의꽃으로되어있고, 삭과의길이는 (2.3-3.8 mm) 화피 (2.0-3.6 mm) 와비슷하다 비녀골풀J. krameri 8. 지하경은포복지형이며, 두상화는 2-3개의꽃으로되어있고, 삭과의길이는 (2.6-4.5 mm) 화피 (2.0-2.6 mm) 보다길다 청비녀골풀J. papillosus 1. 화서는취산화서이고, 꽃에한쌍의소포가있으며, 꽃은단독으로핀다 [Subg. Agathryon] 9. 일년생이고, 식물체의높이는 9-20 cm이며, 내 / 외화피의모양과길이가뚜렷이다르고, 삭과는 3실이며, 종자는구형이다 [sect. Tenageia] 애기골풀J. bufonius 9. 다년생이고, 식물체의높이는 20 cm 이상이며, 내 / 외화피의모양은같고, 삭과는불완전 3실이며, 종자는구형이아니다.

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 10. 화서가 정생하고, 일차 포는 줄기의 연장처럼 보 이지 않고 잎모양이다[sect. Steirochloa] 11. 지하경은 밀집절간형이고, 화피는 피침형이며 예두이고 길이는 3.5-4.6 mm로 삭과(길이 2.13.4 mm)보다 길다 길골풀J. tenuis 11. 지하경은 장절간형이고, 화피는 난형이며 둔두 205 이고 길이는 1.6-2.5 mm로 삭과(길이 1.3-2.7 mm) 와 비슷하다 물골풀J. gracillimus 10. 화서가 가측생하고, 일차 포는 줄기의 연장처럼 보이고 줄기 모양이다[sect. Juncotypus] 12. 화피의 가장자리가 넓고 검정색이며, 수술은 6 개이고, 줄기는 편평형이며 주로 나선상으로 Fig. 9. SEM images of seeds and magnified surfaces of the Korean Juncus. A and a, J. triglumis; B and b, J. maximowiczii; C and c, J. alatus; D and d, J. diastrophanthus; E and e, J. prismatocarpus subsp. leschenaultii; F and f, J. wallichianus; G and g, J. krameri; H and h, J. papillosus; I and i, J. bufonius; J and j, J. tenuis; K and k, J. gracillimus; L and l, J. decipiens: M and m, J. setchuensis; N and n, J. fauriei. Scale bars of A-N are 100um and a-n are 10 um, respectively.

206 Sungmin Kim and Sangtae Kim 꼬인다 검정납작골풀 J. fauriei 12. 화피의가장자리가좁고갈색이며, 수술은 3 개이고, 줄기는원통형이며일직선이다. 13. 줄기에세로줄이뚜렷하지않고, 삭과는길이가화피와비슷하며 3 실이다 골풀 J. decipiens 13. 줄기에세로줄이뚜렷하며, 삭과는길이가화피보다길고불완전한 3 실이다 푸른갯골풀 J. setchuensis 골풀과에대한최근분자계통학적연구에서골풀속은꿩의밥속, Oxychloë, Distichia 와함께하나의분계조를이루고있어골풀속이병계통군 (paraphyletic group) 임을보여주고있고 (Drábková et al., 2003; Roalson, 2005), 또한골풀속내의 subg. Juncus 와 subg. Agathryon 과같은주요아속들도병계통군임이밝혀졌다. 그러므로지금까지형태적인연구에의해확립된골풀속내의분류체계 ( 예를들면 Kirschner, 2002a, b) 에대한재검토가요구되고있지만현재까지는새로운분류체계확립을위한충분한분자계통학적인자료가축적되지못한상태이다. 앞으로다수의유전자구간으로부터수집된충분한분자계통학적자료와기존의형태적형질들의통합적고찰에의해골풀속의속에대한한계제시와함께명확한속내분류체계를확립할수있을것이다. 향후이러한연구와병행한한반도에분포하는골풀속식물들에대한분자계통학적연구는이들에대한명확한속내의계통학적위치를제시할수있고, 이를통해한반도에분포하는골풀속분류군들의외부형태학적형질에대한진화적고찰이가능할것이다. 사 사 이논문은 2011 년도성신여자대학교학술연구조성비지원에의하여연구되었음을밝힙니다. 인용문헌 Balslev, H. 1996. Flora Neotropica: Juncaceae. The New York Botanical Garden. New York. Brooks, R. E. and C. Kuhn. 1986. Seed morphological under SEM and microscopy in Kansas Juncus (Juncaceae). Brittonia 38: 201-209. Buchenau, F. 1890. Monographia Juncacearum in Engler. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik. 12: 1-495. Chung, T. H. 1957. Korean Flora. Kyo-yuk publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Chung, T. H., P. S. To, B. D. Lee and F. J. Lee. 1937. Nomina Plantarum Koreanum. Chosen National History Institute. Seoul. (in Korean). Clemants, E. 1990. Juncaceae of New York State. New York State Museum. New York. Cronquist, A. 1981. An Intergrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press. New York. Drew Yor, L., J. Kirschner, O. Seberg, G. Petersen, and, avlg.. 2003. Phylogeny of the Juncaceae based on rbcl sequences, with special emphasis on Luzula DC. and Juncus L. Plant Systematics and Evolution 240: 133-147. Im, R. J. 2000. Flora Coreana vol. 8. The Science and Technology publishing house. Pyongyang. (in Korean) Jussieu, A. L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum. Et Theophilum Barrois, Paris. Kardrym, N. and A. Khalik. 2010. Seed coat morphology and its systematic significance in Juncus L. (Juncaceae) in Egypt. Journal of Systematic Evolution 48: 215-223. Korea National Arboretum and the Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea. 2007. A Synonymic List of Vascular Plants in Korea. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon. Pp. 338-339. (in Korean) Kim, S. M. 2012 Phylogeny and classification of Juncus: focused on Korean taxa. Ph.D. dissertation. Sungshin Women s University. Seoul. (in Korean) Kim et al., 2012. Juncus fauriei Lév. & Vaniot (Juncaceae): A new record in Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 330-334. (in Korean) Kirschner, J. 2002a. Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus, Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 7. Australian Biological Resources Study. Canberra. Kirschner, J. 2002b. Juncaceae 3: Juncus subg. Agathryon, Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 8 Australian Biological Resources Study. Canberra. Lee, T. B. 1989. Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyang-mun publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Lee, W. T. 1996a. Colored Standard Illustrations of Korean Plants. Academy publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Lee, W. T. 1996b. Lineamenta Florae Koreae. Academy publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Lee, Y. N 1996. Flora of Korea. Kyo-hak Publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae. Mabberley, D. 1987. The Plant-Book. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Munro, S. L. and H. P. Linder. 1998. The phylogenetic position of Prionium (Juncaceae) within the order Juncales based on morphological and rbcl sequence data. Systematic Botany 23: 43-55. Nakai, T. 1911. Flora Koreana II. The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo. 31: 266-268.

Diagnostic characters of Juncus (Juncaceae) species in Korea 207 Nakai, T. 1952. A Synoptical Sketch of Korea Flora. Tokyo Natural Science and Museum. Tokyo. Novara, L. J. 1976. Contribution al conocimiento de las inflorescencias de Juncus y su signification taxonomica. Kurtziana 9: 41-61. Oh, Y. C. and Lee. C. S. 2007. Juncaceae In The Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea, Park, C.-W. (ed.), Academy Publishing Co. Seoul. (in Korean) Palibin, J. 1901. Conspectus Florae Koreae III. Acta Horti Petropoli 19: 16-17. Park, M. K. 1949. An Enumeration of Korean Plants. Ministry of education. Seoul. (in Korean) Roalson, H. 2005. Phylogenetic relationship in the Juncaceae inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 166: 397-413. Satake, Y. 1931a. Systematic and anatomical studies on the Japanese Juncaceae (1). Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 45: 235-249. Satake, Y. 1931b. Systematic and anatomical studies on the Japanese Juncaceae (2). Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 45: 446-453. Satake, Y. 1932. Systematic and anatomical studies on the Japanese Juncaceae (3). Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 46: 639-658. Satake, Y. 1938. Nova Flora Japonica I Juncaceae. The Sanseido Co., Ltd., Tokyo & Osaka. Takhtajan, A. 1997. Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York.