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J. Fd Hyg. Safety 19(3), 112 118 (2004) w j» t Á x Á Á w Á * 3/- w * w wœ w The Development of Functional Food with Plant Extracts for Enhancing Growth Rate Jeong Chan Ra, Hyeong Geun Park, Mi Kyung Choi, Hang Young Lee and Kyung Sun Kang* &RVBMMZDPOUSJCVUFE3/--JGF4DJFODF-UE4FPEVO%POH,XPOTVO(V4VXPO(ZVOHHJ,PSFB *%FQBSUNFOUPG7FUFSJOBSZ1VCMJD)FBMUI$PMMFHFPG7FUFSJOBSZNFEJDJOF4FPVM/BUJPOBM6OJWFSTJUZ 4JMMJN%POH(XBOBL(V4FPVM,PSFB ABSTRACT It has been reported that various kinds of chinese herbs have an activity to promote growth rate in both animals and human. To investigate the growth promoting effect of the selected plants, fish and pigs were used as experimental animals. In fish, Eleutherococcus senticosus extract and Artemisia capillasis extract were found to be most effective. And these plant extracts were given to pigs. The result showed that plant extracts-fed pigs were significantly increased their body weight gain at 7.06% of average daily gain, as compared to control. To verify this result, secreted growth hormone (GH) levels and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels into blood were measured. This result indicated that GH and IGF-1 levels in the blood in plant extracts-fed pigs were higher than those of control. To confirm growth promotion effect on human, we manufactured the mixture of these plant extracts, and coated this mixture onto rice, named as Kiwoomi. When we administered Kiwoomi to elementary students, it was found to be effective in growth promotion. This result showed that Kiwoomi -treated elementary students significantly increased their growth rate (about 2.14 times), as compared to untreated children. Taken together, it is suggested that this functional rice (Kiwoomi ) might be helpful for growing children without any side effects. Key words: Growth promotion, Kiwoomi, Growth hormone, IGF-1 z y k w, kƒ j. w j j yw z»ƒ x y j j» w š. y n, v, t ù w. y n,, m, šx, ü (glucose intolerence),,», y w, û y ùkù z» w y n y, k D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D), (Insulin-like-growth factor) ƒ y w» Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. w š w w. 1) v d w ¼ ƒ e ù, jƒ w y š m ù z w e w w w w w w. y n jš w w w y w ª j w k š. w y s,, w, s w w j q, ¼ ƒ ¼ y w. 2) w y» ƒ y, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) somatostatin w m 112

5IF%FWFMPQNFOUPG'VODUJPOBM'PPEXJUI1MBOU&YUSBDUTGPS&OIBODJOH(SPXUI3BUF 113 y secretagogue w w y w. w, y secretagogue (branch chain amino acids, valine, leucine, isoleucine, ornithine, glutamine, arginine and glycine), inositol hezanicotinate k, Coleus forskohlii Forskolin w. p w w w y secretagogue y n ƒ ƒ w w w ü». w y w» p w x w t w t š y. w y secretagogue w y 191, ¾ ù. w y ƒ, ù ƒ ƒ»» w p y IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor) y x mw ƒ» w. y IGF-1 w w ƒ š š w. IGF-1 70 s rk IGF-1 mw» {w. x IGF-1 ü» w ƒ š w mw IGF-1 w, x s y w ü» ³ š. IGF-1» s v, š 3) IGF-1 ü ƒ š. w 4) IGF-1 mw, IGF-1 s 5) w w w y ( 1x 2x) IGF-1 e z ùkü ƒ š 6). IGF-1 v z,, ƒ w, w ùkü y y š, y w y ù, IGF-1. 7) wr, IGF-1 v y IGF-1 n w,, ¼ šƒ, x ü IGF-1 8) IGF-1 binding protein 3 ƒ û jƒ, jƒ j IGF-1 IGF-1 binding protein 3 x ü ƒ 9). š w IGF- 1» e j ƒ j z IGF-1 y w y e z. y w y secretagogue, y w x mw j w z w, yww j w x w j mw x ü y IGF-1 ƒ ƒ y w. w ü w w j gqw j 3 g» j w w e y w. x z z xk w k, w y k x w. z ƒƒ (50 mg/kg/day) 1 n w z x ƒƒ w. feed oil yww, yw( n 2% )w k n w. x ƒ ƒ,» ƒ w w ww. = {( s³ s³ ) = / s³ } 100 ƒ = {( s³ s³ ) = / s³ } 100 j j j mw w z j w 3050 w z 36» 48 ü 72 q» w w ù 4 ü 7 y w, v 0.1 ü 10 µm vl w z 60 ü 80 o C 24ü 60 5 ü 10 w 30 o C w þƒw

114 +FPOH$IBO3BFUBM w j w. w j w gq yww z, gq» w 1 kg 25 g gq w gqw w. j w x j ƒƒ (50 mg/kg/day) 4 yw( n 2% )w g n z x ƒƒ w. x ƒ ƒ,» ƒ w w ww. = {( s³ s³ ) = / s³ }Ü100 ƒ = {( s³ s³ ) = / s³ }Ü100 j w x x x x s³ 72.14 kg 3 [(Duroc Yorkshire) Landrace] 40 ƒƒ 20 x 20 ù 8 x w. x w NRC(1998) - w (basal diet) j (basal diet added 0.2% of Kiwoomi extract) yww w x ù xw. wì m w. x d x» 2 w» d, (Average Daily Gain, ADG), (Average Daily Feed Intake, ADFI) z (G/F), Ì d w. x ü y IGF-1 d x ü y d w 8 x ww z xw. x z y DSL- 10-73100 R(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Diagnostic System Laboratory) w š, IGF-I DSL-10-5600 ACTIVE R(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Diagnostic System Laboratory) ELISA kit w d w. j w w j x j gqw j w ü w w j x w. x» 30 3 j g. 2 w d w. m x d e m w m computer program SAS(Statistical Analysis System) w one-way ANOVA Duncan's multiple range test10) w w. z z š ƒ v(eleutherococcus senticosus), (Artemisia capillasis), (Allium sativum), zw(foeniculum vulgare), qq (Medicago sativa), r (Verbena brasiliensis), y q (Trigonella foenumgraecum), (Arctium lappa) w x ww. 3z x w z s³ ü ùkü 2z j ww z ƒ (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). w 1 wš ƒ, ƒ ù ùkü Fig. 1. Effect of plant extracts on fish growth. *shows statistical difference from control in height growth rate, and # shows statistical difference from control in weight growth rate (p<0.05, Duncan's multiple range test). E.S., Eleutherococcus senticosus; A.C., Artemisia capillasis; A.S.. Allium sativum; F.V., Foeniculum vulgare.

The Development of Functional Food with Plant Extracts for Enhancing Growth Rate Fig. 2. Effect of plant extracts on fish growth. M.S., Medicago sativa; V.B., Verbena brasiliensis; T.F., Trigonella foenumgraecum; A.L., Arctium lappa. 115 Fig. 3. Effects of dietary Kiwoomi extract on height and weight growth. Kiwoomi extract-fed fishes were increased their height and weight growth rate, as compared to control. 하였다(Table 1). 어류를 이용하여 성장 촉진 시험을 시행한 결과 체장증가율면에서는 오가피, 인진쑥, 회향, 알팔파, 호 로파 순으로 효과적이었으며, 체중증가율면에서는 회향, 인 진쑥, 알팔파, 오가피, 마늘, 우방자순으로 효과적이었다. 키우미 추출분말을 이용한 어류의 성장 촉진효과 시험 성장 촉진에 효과가 우수한 인진쑥과 오가피 등의 식물체 를 주성분으로 키우미 추출분말을 만들었으며, 이를 금붕 어에 투여하여 성장 촉진 효과를 알아보았다(Fig. 3). 키우 미 추출분말을 섭취시킨 어류는 체장과 체중 모두 대조군 에 비해 성장이 촉진되어 있음을 확인하였다(Fig. 4). 키우미 추출분말을 이용한 비육돈의 성장촉진시험 대조군(basal diet) 비육돈 20마리와 실험군(basal diet added 0.2% of Kiwoomi extracts) 비육돈 20마리를 8주 동안 각각의 사료와 물을 자유급이 한 후 시험기간 중에 2 주에 한 번씩 정기적으로 체중을 측정, 일일 증체량(Average Table 1. Index of weight, height growth rate. Plant extracts Control Eleutherococcus senticosus Artemisia capillasis Allium sativum Foeniculum vulgare Medicago sativa Verbena brasiliensis Trigonella foenumgraecum Arctium lappa Height growth rate 1 2.5 2.1 0.7 1.6 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 Weight growth rate 1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 Fig. 4. Effects of dietary Kiwoomi extract on fish. Kiwoomi extract-fed fishes were increased their body size, as compared to control. Daily Weight Gain, ADWG), 일일 사료 섭취량(Average Daily Feed Intake, ADFI), 사료효율(Average Daily Weight Gain/Averge Daily Feed Intake, G/F)를 계산하였 다. 시험결과 평균 일일 증체량(ADWG)은 대조군(basal diet)이 765 g/day, 실험군(Kiwoomi extracts)은 819 g/ day로 실험군이 대조군에 비해 평균 일일 증체량이 7.06%가 증가하였다(Fig. 5). 또한 평균 일일 증체량을 일일 사료 섭 취량(ADFI)으로 나누어 사료효율(G/F)를 계산하면 실험군이 0.413으로 대조군의 0.383보다 사료효율이 더 높음을 확인하 였다(Fig. 6). 이것은 키우미 추출분말을 포함한 사료를 섭 취한 비육돈이 일반사료를 섭취한 비육돈에 비해서 사료섭 취량 당 체중의 증가가 큰 것으로 키우미 추출분말이 비육돈의 성장에 효과가 있음을 말해준다. 또한 키우미 추출분말의 원료인 오가피, 인진쑥 등이 천연 식물체 안에 Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, Vol. 19, No. 3

116 +FPOH$IBO3BFUBM Fig. 5. Average daily weight gain (ADWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) on the pig. Kiwoomi extract-fed pigs were significantly increased their average daily weight gain, as compared to control(p<0.05, Duncan's multiple range test). Fig. 6. Feed intake efficiency (Average daily weight gain/ average daily feed intake) on the pig. Kiwoomi extract-fed pigs were increased their feed intake efficiency, as compared to control. y secretagogue ƒ w w. w Ì(Backfat thickness) d w (Fig. 7) 26.55 mm x ̃ 24.55 mm x ̃ j w y ƒ w w e. j y secretagogue y w» w x ü y (GH) IGF-I d w y 2.2978 ng/ml x 3.046 ng/ml w j w x y w j y w y. x ü IGF-1 215.33 Fig. 7. Backfat thinkness on the pig. Backfat thickness of Kiwoomi extract-fed pigs was reduced, as compared to control. ng/ml x 298.77 ng/ml ƒ j y w ewš (Table 2). j w w j x j gqw j ü w w 30 3 k z 2 w j d w j ƒ» j w e w. x 3 30» s³ ƒw 3.21 cm s³ 1.07 cm ƒw w s³ j 0.5 cm š w j w w w 2.14 w y (Table 3). w x w x j

5IF%FWFMPQNFOUPG'VODUJPOBM'PPEXJUI1MBOU&YUSBDUTGPS&OIBODJOH(SPXUI3BUF 117 Table 2. Effects of dietary Kiwoomi extract on growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 Concentrations(ng/ml) Control Kiwoomi extract GH 2.297 Û 0.012 3.046 Û 0.034 IGF-1 215.33 Û 25.47 298.77 Û 23.21* Values are mean Û S.D. *Significantly different from control group (p<0.05, Duncan's multiple range test). Table 3. Effects of dietary Kiwoomi extract for 3 months on growth of elementary students ƒ w q. š Control x w y n, v, t w ƒ üš x. y n jš w w w y w ª j w k v w. j z š mw x j w Kiwoomi extract Height(cm/month) 0.5 Û 0.085 1.07 Û 0.073* Values are mean Û S.D. *Significantly different from control group(p<0.05, Duncan's multiple range test). z ƒ, y n, v. w» w ü.»,, w j g w j ùkü w ƒw w. w j y secretagogue y w» w x ü y IGF-1 d w j w w y IGF-1 ƒ. j sw ƒv ü y secretagogue w w w y ƒ ƒw ƒ. w j w ̃ w j y g s,, w w w ewš. 11) w 30 w j x w s³ 0.5 cm j w j 1.07 cm j ƒv y j w w. l w y sww j y w s w, w w ü q. w j y ƒ š š š. z y w» w x š» w. š» x ƒv ƒ z ùkû. š ƒv s³ w 7.06% ƒw. w» w x ü y (GH) Insulinlike growth factor-1(igf-1) d w. ƒv w x ü GH IGF-1 {. z» w ƒv yww gqw j (Kiwoomi ) w. j w j z y w. j w ( 2.14 ).» (Kiwoomi ) q.

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