earring
earring Contents Slide No R Introduction 3 Base Polymer 4-13 Carbon Fiber 14 R 300 15-17 R 525 12-27 R 재질적용분야 28 37 R 재질적용시혜택 (Benefits) 38 50 Case Studies 51-71 AR1 재질 73-89 R/AR 재질가공지침 (Machining Guide) 90-93 Introduction to wsoftware in www.gtweed.com 94
earring 소개 원심펌프 (centrifugal pum) 에설치되어있는금속부품들을대체하기위해현재사용되고있는그린트위드의엔지니어링플라스틱 : 1. R300 2. R525 양재질은탄소섬유 (carbon fiber) 로강화된 PEEK 고분자 ( polymer) 로이루어져있다.
earring 기본고분자 (Polymer) PEEK 는 PolyEtherEtherKetone 의약어 - 강건한반결정체 (semi-crystalline) 열가소성플라스틱 (thermoplastic) - 주요특성 :. 내화학성 (Chemical resistance). 내가수분해성 (Hydrolysis resistance). 우수한기계적특성 (Mechanical properties). 우수한마찰특성 (Tribological properties). 내부식성 (Corrosion resistance). 우수한고온성능 (High temperature performance)
earring 고분자 (Polymer) Types 열가소성플라스틱 (Thermoplastics) 열을가하고냉각시킴으로써 ( 얼음과물처럼 ) 반복적으로부드럽게연해지고단단해지는플라스틱 열경화성플라스틱 (Thermosets) 중합반응 (polymerlization) 동안서로단단히결속 / 연결되어그중의약간의연결고리라도느슨해지지않고는유연해지지않는플라스틱
earring 열가소성플라스틱 (Thermoplastic) 수지 (Resin) 의종류 비결정체형 (Amorphous) 고분자 (polymer) 체인에어떠한명확한정렬이없는열가소성플라스틱 ( morphous means structure so amorphous means without structure) 결정체형 (Crystalline) Thermoplastics containing areas of dense 분자결정체 (crystal) 로알려진분자정렬 (molecular (chain) alignment) 이밀집된부분이있는열가소성플라스틱
earring 비결정체형 (Amorphous) 반결정체형 (Semi-Crystalline) 고분자체인의정렬
earring 내화학성 (Chemical Resistance) 유기물과무기물에대한광범위하고우수한내화학성 eight change (%) after 7 day immersion @ 23 C Heptane 0 Xylene 0 Gasoline 0 Kerosene 0 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 0.7 Toluene 0 Sulfuric Acid (30% conc.) 1.3 *Not recommended for concentrated acids, bromine, chlorine and phenol
earring 내가수분해성 (Hydrolysis Resistance) 고온의스팀과고압의물조건에서도변하지않는기계적강도 Effect of water at 200 C (392 F) at 14 Bar (200 psi) Property Original @ 1000 hrs @ 3000 hrs Tensile strength 13,300 14,000 14,000 Flexural strength 20,600 23,900 22,600
earring 우수한기계적특성 (Mechanical Properties) 특출하게뛰어난기계적특성 : 1. 인장강도 (Tensile strength) 2. 굽힘강도 (Flexural strength) 3. 압축강도 (Compressive Strength) 4. 내피로한도 (Fatigue resistance) 5. 내크리프한도 (Creep resistance)
earring 우수한마찰특성 (Tribological Properties) PEEK 는여러가지의조건에서우수한마찰특성을보여준다. @ 210 kg (463 lbs), 30.5m/min (100 ft/min) Coeff. of Friction @ 20 C (68 F).11 152 @ 200 C (390 F).12 152 ear Rate (µ m/hour) @ 40 kg (88 lbs), 183m/min (600 ft/min) Coeff. of Friction @ 20 C (68 F).17 190 @ 200 C (390 F).14 132 ear Rate (µ m/hour) *Note: All testing conducted dry on an AMSLER wear tester (block on ring)
earring 내부식성 (Corrosion Resistance) 반결정형구조의 PEEK 는부식성매체에접하는모든플라스틱가운데당사 R 재질은최고의내부식성을강화시켜주는역할을합니다.
earring 우수한고온성능 (High Temperature Performance) PEEK 는모든엔지니어링플라스틱중에서가장높은연속사용온도특성을지닌재질가운데하나입니다.
earring 탄소섬유 (Carbon Fiber) 기계적특성을크게강화시킴 탄소섬유 (Carbon fiber) 를강화시킴으로써연속사용온도 (Continuous Use Temperature) 를 274 C (525 F) 까지증가시키며및열변형온도 (Heat Distortion Temperature) 는 300 C (572 F) 이상으로유지시킴 열팽창계수 (CTE: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) 를감소시킴
earring R300
earring R300 압축성형 (Compression molded) PEEK 와탄소섬유 (Carbon fibers) 의독특한혼합 (30% carbon fiber by weight) 열팽창계수 ( 반지름방향 ) 는 Carbon Steel 의 2.5 배 추천사용온도 : 135 C (275 F)
earring R300 은아래 Dry running 조건하에서 열을더욱더잘확산시킨다. Lubricated PEEK Standard carbon filled PEEK R300 Dry running 베어링테스트 @3600 RPM/50 PSI 하중
earring R300 의대표적적용 주적용 : Press-in(Hole 내부끼워맞춤 ) 수평 (horizontal) 및수직 (vertical) ANSI 펌프의 Throat 또는 Throttle 부싱 (bushing) 수직 (vertical) Sump 펌프의 Line shaft steady 베어링 (bearing) 수직 (vertical) 터빈펌프의인터스테이지 (interstage) 부싱과 Bowl 마모링 (wear ring)
earring R300 의대표적적용 (Continued) 일단 (single stage) 의수평 (horizontal) 또는수직 (vertical) API 펌프의케이스마모링 (case wear ring) 다단 (multistage) 고압 Split 펌프의케이스마모링 (case wear ring), 케이스마모링인서트 (case wear ring inserts), Center stage bushing 및 Throat bushing Shaft 외부끼워맟춤 ( Press-on) 적용도가능 임펠러마모링과슬리브 (Impeller wear ring and sleeve)
earring R525
earring R525 연속탄소섬유 (Continuous carbon fiber) 와 PEEK 의합성 (68% carbon fiber by weight) 섬유배치기술 (Fiber Placement technology) 에의한제조 철보다높은물성치 (winding 방향 ) 열팽창계수 ( 반지름방향 ) 는 Carbon Steel 의 Max. ½ (Min. 1/6) 추천사용온도 : 274 C (525 F)
earring Fiber Placement inding R525
earring 로보트를이용한감기 (inding) 작업부위사진 : 열과압축을동시에가함. R525
earring In-Situ robotic winding method enables winding of tubes up to 48 (1,219mm) in diameter and 420 (10,668mm) in length R525
earring 2 scrap on each end of R525 tube R525
earring Split Components Material is very stable even when used for split components R525
earring R525 의대표적적용 주적용 : Press-on(Shaft 외부끼워맞춤 ) API 펌프의임펠러마모링 (impeller wear ring) 과슬리브부싱 (sleeve bushing):. 일단및다단 (single & multistage). 수평및수직 (horizontal & vertical) Hole 내부끼워맟춤 (Press-in) 적용도가능 케이스마모링 (case wear ring) 과부싱 (bushing)
earring R 재질적용분야 1. 기화하기쉬운저윤활성매체 (media) 가있는장비의신뢰성을증가 2. 특정펌프설계상내재된문제점해소 3. 펌프운전비용 ( 소모전력 ) 이많은장비의효율증대 Upgrading Goals : 1. To increase the reliability of the equipment in media with poor lubricating properties that have a tendency to vaporize. 2. To solve problems inherent in certain pump designs 3. To increase the efficiency of equipment with costly power consumption
earring Single API overhung pump opportunities Case wear rings Impeller wear rings Throat bushing R525 R300
earring Double impeller overhung pump at Chevron, LPG service 진동 (vibration) 감소및 MTBF 증가
earring Double suction pump opportunities 스로트부싱, (throat bushing), 케이스, 또는임펠러마모링 R525 R300
earring Vertical in-line pump opportunities Throat bushings Impeller wear rings Case wear rings R525 R300 Picture Courtesy of ITT-Goulds Pumps
earring
earring Vertical Can Pump Opportunities API Type Impeller or case rings Line shaft bearings and interstage bearings R525 R300
earring Horizontal Split Case Multistage Pump R525 R300 Picture Courtesy of Sulzer Pumps
earring Horizontal Split Case Pump Opportunities Floating case wear rings or impeller wear rings Floating case wear ring inserts Center stage bushing or center stage bushing insert Solid sleeves or overwind sleeves R525 R300
earring Sulzer 의다단수평 (multistage horizontal) Split Case 펌프 Multistage Horizontal Split Case Pumps fitted with R300 inserts, turnkey job.
earring R 재질 Bushing 과 Sleeve 용으로적용시혜택 R vs. 청동 (bronze) 혜택 : R 은철을갉거나문지르지않음 * 이유 : R 재질은더욱더부드럽고자기희생적이기때문 혜택 : 저진동 (Lower vibrations) * 이유 : R 재질은매우유연하고충격을흡수하는성질이있기때문
earring 혜택 (Benefits) - Continued 혜택 : 물과탄화수소와같은비윤활성물질이있는곳에사용될때연장된마모수명 * 이유 : 낮은마찰계수 혜택 : 정격이상의 Dry Run 시열발생감소 * 이유 : PEEK 는 340C(644F) 온도에서표면이녹아버리지만, 청동 (bronze) 과같은재질은이온도이상에서도잘견디며엄청난열과마찰을발생시킴
earring R 재질부싱 (Bushing) 의혜택 - Continued - R vs. 카본그라파이트 (carbon graphite) 또는그라파이트합금 (graphite alloy): 더나은내충격성 설치시카본함유재질처럼잘부서지지않음 압축 (compression) 되는곳뿐만아니라인장 (tension) 되는곳에도적용가능
earring R 마모링 (ear ring) 적용시혜택 R 이상대편재질을긁지않는 (non-galling) 특성은펌프사용자로하여금최소의 running clearance 를적용할수있게함. *0.0015mm/mm (R300 재질적용시 : 임펠러 OD x 0.0015) *0.0010mm/mm (R525 재질적용시 : 임펠러 OD x 0.001) 줄어든 running clearance 의혜택 : 감소된전력소모 작아진간극 (clearance) 이작아짐으로써 Back flow 가감소하고, 펌프는더효율적인펌프운전이가능하며마력소모를줄일수있다. (See following actual, not theoretical case history)
earring 줄어든간극 (Clearance) 에대한혜택 - Continued 진폭 (vibration amplitude) 감소 간극 (clearance) 이줄어듬으로써로터 (rotor) 를불안정하게하는요인인마모링 (wear ring) 에지나가는유체의양을줄이기때문. 줄어든간극 (clearance) 으로인하여마로링으로부터추가적인유체역학적 (hydrodynamic) 베어링효과를얻을수있기때문. R 재질의열가소성플라스틱 (thermoplastics) 의유연성이충격을흡수하기때문. (see following actual case history)
earring R 재질마모링 (ear ring) 의혜택 - Continued R 재질의긁지않고붙잡지않는 (non-galling, nonseizing) 자기희생적인특성으로인하여고비용의수리비 (repair cost) 를줄임 : 순간적인 Suction Loss 시에펌프의상대편부품에전혀손상을입히지않고보존될수있는재질특성. w 재질은카본그라파이트 (carbon graphite) 나합금과는달리잘부서지지않음.
earring R 재질마모링 (ear ring) 의혜택 - Continued 펌프의베이링이고장났을때펌프손상을최소화함. The R 재질은상대편금속부품에손상을가하지않으며오직 w 마모링 (wear ring) 만을교체하면된다. 왜냐하면상대편금속부품을마모및손상시키지않기때문이다. (See following actual case history)
earring R525 재질임펠러마모링 (Impeller wear ring) 적용시추가적인혜택 열팽창계수특성으로인하여 w525 재질은금속마모링 (wear rings) 을대체하는데적용된다. ( 극저온적용제외 ). *Shaft OD 에 R525 Tube ID 를끼워맞춤 (press-on) 할때, 0.050mm(.002 ) - 0.100mm(.004 ) 의차이가요구된다. 독특한열팽창계수특성으로인하여고온의극한상황에서간극 (clearance) 을최대한개방시킴으로써펌프내부품들이늘어붙거나녹아버리는현상을줄일수있다. 짧은시간동안의 Dry Run 시에뛰어난복원능력을가지고있다.
earring 순간적인 Upset(Dry run) 발생시간극개방 (Clearances Open Up)
earring R 재질마모링 (ear ring) 의혜택 - Continued 중량감소 (eight Reduction) 스테인레스 410 과비교하여 R525 적용시 80% 의중량감소, 그리고 R300 적용시 81.5% 의중량감소를기대할수있다. (Example) Six stage 펌프에치수가 146mm(5.75 ) OD x 133.4mm(5.25 ) ID x 25.4mm(1 ) ide 인 12 개의임펠러마모링 (impeller wear ring) 과치수가 57.2mm(2.25 ) OD x 50.8mm(2 ) ID x 76.2mm(3 ) ide 인 3 개의슬리브 (sleeve) 를적용하였을때 6.12Kg(13.6Lbs) 의중량감소
earring R525 재질과 410SS 재질사용대비중량비교 6 Stage Pump eight Reduction Example 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7.769 1.611 0.546 0.113 0.083 0.403 Kg./ear Ring Kg./Sleeve Total kg. R-525 410ss
earring 원심펌프 (Centrifugal Pump) 의 Throttle Bush 에 R 재질적용 스로트부위 (throat bush) 를 R 로변경하여최소간극 (tight clearance) 을구현함과동시에유체역학적베이링의얇은막을형성함으로써미케니컬씰에서의 Radial shaft 안정성을증대시키는데도움을줄수있다. Hydrocarbon 매체사용시, 미케니컬씰문제를야기할기화 (vaporization) 를방지하기위하여최소간극의부쉬 (bush) 는 Stuffing box 압력을유지함으로서역류 (Back flow) 를방지하는데도움을줄수있다. 펌프문제발생시다른고가의부품교체에비해훨씬경제적
earring 펌프내의기존의금속마모부품을 R 재질로대체사용함으로써얻을수있는장점들 : 우수한기계적특성 상대부품을벗겨내거나, 붙들지않는특성 내충격성 Non-sparking 내열충격성 우수한내화학성 낮은마찰계수 자기희생적인특성 기존금속에비해가벼움
earring Case Studies
earring 운전비용감소 (Reduction of Operating Cost) 장비의신뢰성증가 : 유지비용감소 ( 즉, MTBF 개선및교체부품수량감소 ) 펌프효율증대 : 소비전력감소
earring 신뢰성증대 펌프사용유체의윤활특성이낮은경우에는기화하기쉬운경향이있다. 펌프설계자체에문제점을가지고있을때
earring Sulzer Bingham Pumps; PEEK 기반내마모성부품설계사양적용 다음과같은요구사항들이필요할때 : 1) 짧은시간동안흡입 (Suction) 실패로인하 Dry Running 시 2) 최소필요유량보다도적은유량으로상당시간동안운전시 3) 고흡입맥동 (high suction pulsation) 시 4) 미케니컬씰과베어링의수명연장을위한저진동요구시 5) 미케니컬씰챔버 (seal chamber) 압력증대
earring Dry Running 펌프 : 4 단 (Four Stage) United MSN 원심펌프 ( centrifugal pump) 1500 hp, 5400rpm, 1050 gpm Service : Carbonate Solution at 8 º C 적용업체 : Chevron Mississippi 문제점 : 스테인레스마모링이장착된펌프에서간헐적인 Dry running 문제가발생하여정기정비이전의시기상조의문제와함께펌프내금속재질부품에엄청난손상을가져왔으며, MTBF 는 6 개월정도였음.
earring Dry Running 해법및제안 : 스테인레스재질임펠러마모링과부슁 (bushing) 을 R525 로교체하여운전 간극 (running clearance) 을약 50% 줄임. 결과 : 펌프는일년이상정상적인운전을하고있으며간헐적인 Dry running 이계속되고있지만 R525 는잘견디고, 또한줄어든간극으로인해 펌프효율은 4%(400gpm) 증대됨.
earring Dry Running 펌프 : 다단 (Multi stage) 수직터빈펌프 (vertical turbine pumps) Service : Hot water 적용업체 : Equilon/Texaco 문제점 : 펌프상부에설치된필터로인하여저흡입압력이발생하였으며 Flash용으로 Hot water가 Flash되는원인이됨. 청동 (bronze) 재질 Line Shaft 베이링이마모되어간극을넓히고펌프는 6개월이내에멈추어축과미케니컬씰을교체또는수리하여야만했음.
earring Dry Running 해법및제안 : 청동재질베어링을 R525 로교체 결과 : 펌프는 2 년이상문제없이운전하고있음. R525 는잠시동안윤활이되지않을때에도축을갉아먹거나붙들어멈추지않을것이며, 뛰어난마찰성능 (tribological properties) 은간극이넓어지는것을방지함.
earring Excessive Vibration 펌프 : Single stage, Vertical in-line Pump 적용업체 : Tesoro Refining, Alaska 문제점 : 고진동으로인하여축의변형을가져왔으며이는미케니컬씰의수명단축과함께소음을발생하였다. 해법및제안 : 스테인레스재질임펠러마모링과카본재질스로트부슁 (throat bushing) 을 R525 로교체.
earring Excessive Vibration 결과 : 초소간극은베어링효율증대와함께진폭 (vibration amplitude) 을최소 30% 이상줄일수있었으며, 이는미케니컬씰및베어링수명연장과함께더욱원활한펌프운전을가져옴. R525 고유의유연한특성이충격과진동을포용함.
earring Vertical in-line pump opportunities Throat bushings Impeller wear rings Case wear rings R525 R300
earring
earring Excessive Vibration 펌프 : 300hp, 8 stage Horizontal Split Case Pump 적용업체 : Fina Oil 문제점 : 과도한진동및낮은펌프효율 해법및제안 : 청동재질케이스마모링과부슁 (bushing) 을 R300 으로교체. API 규격기준운전간극 (running clearance) 이 0.0015 in/in로줄어듬.
earring Excessive Vibration 결과 : 개조전진동 - 0.94 in/sec 개조후진동 - 0.6 in/sec 효율증대 (Efficiency gain) - 5% 다음과같은이유로진동이줄어듬. - Recirculation flow와 Rotor 불안정성의최소화 - 줄어든마모 - 충격흡수펌프는 4년이상문제없이운전하고있음.
earring High ear Rate 믹서 : Lightning Mixer 적용업체 : BP Amoco 문제점 : Steady Bearing의과도한마모발생. 마모및축변형문제를해결하기위하여 PTFE, Carbon, Graphite등을적용해보았지만모든재질이 2-3개월내에실패하였음. PTFE(Teflon) 을기반으로한제품은축을문질러갈아내고마모에의해닳아없어짐으로써미케니컬씰의실패를가져옴.
earring High ear Rate 해법및제안 :R525 로교체 결과 : 교체후 1 년이지난후에도아무런 문제점이발생되지않았음. 8 개월후의마모는 0.005 이하 per side.
earring 효율증대 (Increased Efficiency) Multistage pumps Large Single stage pumps 더큰수두 (head) 를얻기위해최대크기의임펠러 (impeller) 를가진펌프
earring 효율증대 (Efficiency Gain) 펌프 Service : United 3x9 MSND (13 stage), 3600rpm : Hydrocarbon 적용업체 : ExxonMobil Refinery Rated Conditions Pump 1 Gains Pump 2 Gains GPM 583 589.6 585.5 TDH 3705 3820 4018 EFF. 73 % 79 % 79.7% BHP 396 381.7 395.1 허용진동은 Max. 0.2 /sec 이었지만, 실제진동결과는 0.06 /sec 이하였음.
earring 효율증대 (Efficiency Gain) Union Pump 9 Stage Horizontal BF ater Pump Capacity in GPM 2,200 2,200 Diff. Head in FT. 5,100 5,100 SP. GR. 0.96 0.96 Delt P PSIG 2,119 2,119 Efficiency % 81.2% 83.0% BHP @ 0.96 3,350 N / A BHP @ 0.96 N / A 3,277 Hours/day pump is in operation 24 2. Days per year 365 3. Cost of electricity in $0.00 per K-H 0.12 4. K=73HP x.746 54.46 Savings per year $57,248
earring Chevron 적용사례 약 1200 대펌프에적용 MTBF(Mean Time Between Failures) 가 4.1 년에서 6.4 년으로연장됨. 50 hp 펌프의평균효율증대 6% 로할때, 연간 US$1.44 mil( 약 17 억 ) 을에너지를절약할수있었음. 줄어든펌프의수리및부품교체를감안하면절약효과는더많아짐.
earring ExxonMobil 적용사례 Pilot program 으로우선고에너지소비및정비횟수가잦은 30 대의펌프에적용 연간 US$50,000(6,000 만원 ) 의에너지절약과 US$35,000(4,200 만원 ) 의수리비절감효과를가져왔음. 현재나머지펌프에대해계속적용해나가고있음.
earring Major Approvals Ebara Sulzer KSB Flowserve ITT-Goulds Shin Nippon Machineries
earring AR 재질
earring AR PTFE(Teflon) 에가까운내화학성과뛰어난내마멸성 (abrasive resistance) 을가진열가소성합성물 (thermoplastic composite) 모래, Silt 및 Coke fine 과같이상대재질에대하여마멸성이강한매개체에적합하도록제조됨.
earring AR 특성및적용분야 : Rubber 베어링에비해내마멸성이뛰어나고, 납을첨가한청동과카본에비해서도훨씬우수하다. 모래나기타연마재질을함유한배출 (sump) 펌프, 강물펌프, 태풍 / 장마비펌프내의부슁 (bushing), Line shaft 베어링및 Bowl 마모링 (wear ring) 대기온도에서정적 (static application) 인곳에만적용추천
earring 배출펌프 (sump pump) 의부싱 (bushing) 으로서뛰어난재질 AR
earring 물성치 (Physical Properties) 색상 Black 비중 2.0 경도 (Shore D) 63 인장강도 2270 psi 연신율 300% 마찰계수 0.09 항복강도 (Compressive) 2700 psi
earring Cutlass Rubber 베어링대비 AR 장점 AR1 has outstanding chemical resistance ( 뛰어난내화학성 ) AR1 is self lubricating ( 자체윤활성 ) AR1 has a much lower coefficient of friction ( 훨씬더낮은마찰계수 )
earring AR 168 Hour Laboratory Test 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0-0.005-0.01 AR1-0.0061 0.0155 Rubber Cutlass 시험조건 : Colmonoy 코팅축 (shaft, 70RC) - 내경 1.500 베어링 - 900 RPM Speed - 25 psi 베어링하중 - Media: 95% 물 + 5% 실리카모래 ( 부피기준 ) - 대기온도 eight change (grams)
earring 테스트운전조건 : - 회전속도 : 900 rpm - 하중 : 25 psi - 유량 : 500 ml per minute - 대기온도 - 운전간극 (Running clearance): Diameter.007 to.010 in. - 시험시간 : 8 시간
earring TEST RIG Bearing Housing
earring ater/sand Reservoir TEST RIG Pump
EAR (cc/hr) earring 0.50000 EAR RATE COMPARISON 0.45000 0.40000 0.35000 0.30000 0.25000 THESE TEST RESULTS ARE THE PROPERTY OF GREENE, TEED & CO. AND SHALL NOT BE DISCLOSED TO ANYONE OUTSIDE OF OUR COMPANY ITHOUT PERMISSION FROM AN AUTHORIZED GREENE, TEED REPRESENTATIVE. Operating Conditions: Shaft: 316 S.S. 1.500 in. diameter 900 rpm shaft speed Load on bearing: 25 psi Media: 95% water, 5% silica sand (by volume) Flow rate: 500 ml/min. Temperature: Ambient R300,525 CARBON GRAPHITE GRAPHALLOY 0.2581 R525 PTFE 0.3674 C932 LEADED TIN BRONZE 0.3930 0.20000 0.1775 0.1897 0.15000 SIMSITE 300 0.1141 0.10000 0.05000 0.00000 AR EN4315 SILICON CARBIDE 0.0016 0.0074 0.0082 0.0134 AVALON 42 AVALON 92 0.0213 A!
earring 마멸운전조건하에서청동 (Bronze) vs AR 마멸상태
earring Case Study
earring High ear Rate 펌프 : Single Stage Vertical Seawater Cooling Pump 적용업체 : 발전소 (Singapore) 문제점 / 해법 : Cutlass Rubber 재질 Inter-stage 베어링의과도한마모발생. 축슬리브 (shaft sleeve) 가심각하게닳아서고진동을유발하고있었음. 펌프는 12개월이내에실패하였으며, AR 으로교체한 후 1 년이상현재까지사용하고있음. 진동또한매우낮아졌으며나머지다른펌프에대해서도 AR 적용을진행중임. *Note: 이베어링은아시아 / 태평양지역에서가장큰것으로알려져있음. (OD 256mm x ID 230mm x length 420 mm)
earring Cutlass Rubber 베어링의닳아갈라진모습
earring AR should only be used for stationary wear parts at ambient temperatures. Applications above ambient should be specifically engineered. AR
earring If AR is applied as an insert, mechanical restraints are required. AR
earring General Machining Guide Lines For R & AR
earring R525 가공방법 Turning Operations Cutting speed (rough cut ) OD < 5 550 rpm OD > 5 but < 8 345 rpm OD > 8 but < 11 250 rpm Finish Cut - reduce speed by half for finish cut. Change tool for finish cut & leave 0.030 for finishing. Cutting Feed - 0.009-0.012 per revolution Cutting Depth - 0.090 for rough cut & 0.005 for finish cut.
earring R300 가공방법 Turning Operations Cutting speed (rough cut using Carbide / diamond tools) OD < 5 400 rpm OD > 5 but < 8 375 rpm OD > 8 but < 11 275 rpm Finish Cut - reduce speed by half for finish cut. Cutting Feed - 0.015 per revolution Cutting Depth - 0.090 for rough cut & 0.005-0.010 for finish cut.
earring AR 가공방법 피이드 (feed) 와속도 (speed) 는 R-300 가공방법과동일. AR-1 은일반카바이드 (carbide) 공구롤쉽게가공할수있으며, 다이아몬드공구는필요없음. AR-1 은유연한재질이므로 Tool 에 1/32 radius 를가질것을추천.
earring software 이용방법 @www.gtweed.com 그린트위드 web site(www.gtweed.com) 방문 좌측 Markets 항목들가운데, Fluid Handling Click 좌측하단 Design Tools 항목들가운데, Pump Efficiency Calculator Click Registration 항목들가운데, New User Registration Click New users 아래 New Registration Click First Name( 이름 ) 과 Last Name( 성 ) 입력후, Continue Click Profile 항목들입력후, Continue Click End
earring Questions & Answers