한수지 47(6), 869-873, 14 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),869-873,14 환경에서의넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 심기능의경시적변화 이경선 * 목포해양대학교환경 생명공학과 Time-course Response of the Heart Function in Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to Kyoung-Seon Lee* Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 5-729, Korea Cardiorespiratory variables were measured in flounder Paralicthys olivaceus exposed to acidified seawater equilibrated with a gas mixture containing 5% gas for 72 h at. It was found that produced a significant increase in arterial P (Pa ) and significant decreases in arterial ph (pha). transiently increased heart rate within min of exposure. After cardiac output was elevated by the increase in heart rate within min, was then reduced by the decrease in both stroke volume and heart rate. The heart responses of flounder differ from those of yellowtail to high environment. Key words: Flounder,, Heart function, Cardiac output 서론 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) 7.5-1, 1.4-5.8.,, CCS (Carbon capture & storage). CCS, 2, m, (Yoo et al., 7; Kim, 9). CCS,.,,, (Post, 1979). Ishimatsu et al. (4, 8). (Paralicthys olivaceus) ph (Hayashi et al., 4), (Lee et al., 3). (Ishimatsu et al., 4, 8). (Seriola quinqueradiata). in vitro (negative inotropic effect) (Gesser and Poupa, 1983; Höglund and Gesser, 1987), in vivo. in vivo,. http://dx.doi.org/.5657/kfas.14.869 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) 869-873, December 14 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3./)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 6 August 14; Revised 26 September 14; Accepted 28 November 14 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 61. 2. 7317 Fax: +82. 61. 2. 7321 E-mail address: kslee@mmu.ac.kr Copyright 14 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 869 pissn:374-8111, eissn:2287-8815
87 이경선 재료 및 방법 실험생물로 사용한 넙치는 인근 어시장에서 구입하여 실내 FRP원형수조에 넣어 로 온도순치 시킨 후 실험에 사용하 였으며, 온도 순치 중에는 사료를 급이 하지 않았다. 실험에 사 용한 넙치의 평균체중은 657±48 g (N=9)을 나타내었다. 실험은 Lee et al. (3), Hayashi et al. (4)의 실험조건 및 방법에 따라 실시하였으며, 간략히 설명하면 다음과 같다. 넙치 는 mg/l의 벤조카인용액으로 충분히 마취시킨 후에 냉각기 가 부착된 수술대에서 관류 마취 상태로 수술을 시행하였다. 심 박출량을 측정하기 위하여 복부대동맥에 도플라 전극(aperture size 2.-2.4 mm, type ES, Iowa Doppler Product, USA)을 장 착하였으며, 혈압측정 및 혈액채취를 위하여 미부동맥에 혈관 삽입용 폴리에틸렌튜브(ø.58.965 mm, Becton Dickinson & Co., USA)를 장착하였다(Fig. 1). 수술이 끝난 개체는 호흡 실에서 48 h 동안 충분히 회복시킨 후 5% 농도의 CO2 로 폭 기된 해수에서 노출실험을 실시하였다. CO2는 가스혼합장치 (MB2C, Koflock, Japan)를 이용하여 압축공기와 CO2를 5% 농도가 되도록 혼합시켜 header tank에 폭기 되도록 하였으며, Header tank의 CO2의 농도변화는 ph를 측정하여 간접적으로 확인하는 방법을 사용하였다. 해수의 ph는 8.15±.5에서 5%-CO2 혼합가스 폭기 후 min 이내에 6.27±.4로 감소 한 후 일정하게 유지되었다. 실험기간 동안, 혈압(blood pressure)은 넙치의 혈관에 삽입 한 케뉴라를 혈압 측정용 transducer (DPT-3, Kawasumi Laboratories, Japan)에 연결하고, 심박출량(cardiac output)은 Doppler flowmeter (545C-4, Bioengineering, USA)에 연결 한 뒤, 각각의 신호는 PowerLap Multi system (PowerLab/8sp, ADInstruments, USA)을 거쳐 디지털신호로 컴퓨터에 기록하 였다. 심박출량의 기록으로부터, 심박수(heart rate) 및 박동량 (stroke volume)을 구했으며, 심박수는 혈압기록과 비교하여 서로 상이함이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 혈액분석을 위하여 CO2 노출 전 2회에 걸쳐 혈액을 채취, 분석하여 대조구( h)의 측정 치로 사용하였다. CO2 노출 개시 후.5, 1, 3, 8, 24, 48, 72 h의 시간간격으로 측정을 행했다. 혈액의 ph는 혈액가스분석시스 템(Blood Gas meter, Cameron Instrument Company, USA)을 사용하여 측정하였으며, 혈장 CO2 농도는 Capni-Con5 (Cameron Instrument Company, USA)를 사용하였다. 혈액의 ph (pha)와 혈장 CO2 농도값으로부터 혈장 CO2 분압(PaCO2) 및 중탄산이온농도[(HCO3-)p]를 아래의 계산식에 의하여 구하였 다. PaCO2=TCO2/αCO2 (1+pH-pK ) [HCO3-]p= TCO2-αCO2 PaCO2 αco2=.869-.28 t+4.6143x-5 t2-2.8889-7 t3 pk =6.125-log(1+pH-8.7)-.26 (t-37)+.12 (t-37)2 (t: 온도) 결과값은 평균값±표준편차(SD)로 표기했다. 통계처리프로 그램 SPSS (version 22.)를 사용하여 시간의 측정치와 CO2 노출후의 각 측정치를 비교하기 위하여, one-way ANOVA분석 을 한 후에 Dunnett s test를 행했다. 폐사가 일어나 개체수가 감 소된 측정치에 대해서는 통계처리하지 않았다. front back C DP Berbus Fig. 1. Photograph of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus showing position of the Doppler flow probe (DP) secured around the ventral aorta and caudal aortic cannular (C). 8. ) 7.8
환경에서의넙치심반응 871 결과및고찰 5%- 8 h, 24 h 22.2%, 72 h 77.8%. Hayashi et al. (4), 72 h (Table 1). Hayashi et al. (4). 1%- 72 h (Lee et al., 3), (Hayashi et al., 4).. ph 24 h (Fig. 2). min 3 h,...,., (Nanba, 2)., (Höglund and Gesser, 1987).. (Tinca tinca) (tachycardia) (Randall and Shelton, 1963). (Salmo salar) ph 5.2 (Brodeur et al., 1999). (Acipenser transmontanus) mmhg (Crocker et al., ), (chronotropic effects) (inotropic effects)., (5%-, ) (Lee et al., 3). (Farrell and Jones, 1992)., (Randall and Perry, 1992; Crocker et al., ).,, (PaO 2 ) (CaO 2 ) ( ). (Gesser and Poupa, 1983; H 1983; and Gesser, 1987; Vandenberg et al., 1994), (Farrell and Jones, 1992). ph (Gesser and Poupa, 1983). (Lee et al., 3). in vitro (Gesser and Poupa, 1983; H 1983; and Gesser, 1987) in vivo.,., Table 1. Cumulative percent mortality of flounder Paralicthys olivaceus subjected to 5%- environment at N Surgical apparatus Elapsed time (h) 3 8 24 48 72 Reference 6 Cannula % 17% 33% % Hayashi et al. (4) 9 Cannula+ probe % % 22% 78% 78% Present study
872 이경선 8. pha 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7. Q (ml/min/kg) 6.8 1 3 8 24 48 72 1 3 8 24 48 72 8 7 Pa (kpa) 6 4 2 HR (beats/min) 1 3 8 24 48 72 1 3 8 24 48 72 Ta (mm) 8 SV (ml/kg). 1 3 8 24 48 72 1 3 8 24 48 72 1.5 1..5 [HCO 3 - ]p (mm) 8 BP (cmh 2 O) 1 3 8 24 48 72 1 3 8 24 48 72 7 Time elapsed (h) Time elapsed (h) Fig. 2. Time-dependent changes in arterial blood ph (pha), P (Pa ), total concentration (Ta ), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO 3- ]p), cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and arterial blood pressure (BP) in flounder Paralicthys olivaceus subjected to 5%- environment. Triangles () represent data from 5%. Open symbols () indicate significant differences from h values (P<.5; Dunnett s test). Down-triangles indicate that N was decreased due to mortality, to which no statistical comparison was applied. Means±SD.
환경에서의넙치심반응 873..,., CCS. References Brodeur JC, Ytrestoyl T, Finstad B and McKinley S. 1999. Increase of heart rate without elevation of cardiac output in adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to acidic water and aluminium. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56, 184-19. Crocker CE, Farrell AP, Gamperl AK and Cech JR JJ.. Cardiorespiratory responses of white sturgeon to environmental hypercapnia. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279, 617-628. Farrell AP and Jones DR. 1992. The heart. In: Fish physiology vol 12A. Hoar WS, Randall DJ and Farrell AP, eds. Academic Press, New York, USA, 1-88. Gesser H and Poupa O. 1983. Acidosis and cardiac muscle contractility: comparative aspects. Comp Biochem Physiol 147A, 123-128. Hayashi M, Kita J and Ishimatsu A. 4. Comparison of the acid-base responses to and acidification in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Mar Pollut Bull 49, 62-65. Höglund L and Gesser H. 1987. Electrical and mechanical activity in heart tissue of flounder and rainbow trout during acidosis. Comp Biochem Physiol 87A, 543-546. IPCC. 7. Climate Change (7), The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Ishimatsu A, Kikkawa T. Hayashi M, Lee KS and Kita J. 4. Effects of on Marine Fish: Larvae and Adults. J Oceanography, 731-741. Ishimatsu A, Hayashi M and Kikkawa T. 8. Fishes in high-, acidified oceans. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 373, 295-2. Kim JM. 9. Status and prospect of carbon dioxide storage technologies. KIC News 12, 31-41. Lee KS, Kita J and Ishimatsu A. 3. Effects of lethal levels of environmental hypercapnia on cardiovascular and bloodgas status in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Zoo Sci, 417-422. Nanba KJ. 2. Respiration Circulation. In: Elementary of fish physiology, Aida KM ed. Kouseisha-kouseikaku Co. Tokyo, Japan, 45-66. Post G. 1979. Carbonic acid anesthesia for aquatic organisms. Pro Fish Cult 41, 12-144. Randall DJ and Perry SF. 1992. Catecholamines. In: Fish physiology vol 12A, ed. Hoar WS, Randall DJ and Farrell AP, eds. Academic Press, New York, USA, 255-. Randall DJ and Shelton G. 1963. The effects of the changes in the environmental gas concentrations on the breathing and heart rate of a teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A 9, 229-239 Vandenberg JJ, Metcalfe JC and Grace AA. 1994. Intracellular ph recovery during respiratory acidosis in perfused heart. Am J Physiol 266, C489-C497. Yoo DG, Kim GY, Park YC, Huh DG and Yoon CH. 7. Feasibility study for geological sequestration in offshore Korean Peninsula. JKSMER 44, 572-585.