KISEP Rhinology Korean J Otolaryngol 2005;48:338-46 인간배자에서코의초기발생 : 입체현미경및조직학적분석 김창훈 1 유종범 1 신우철 1 김민범 1 박형우 2 윤주헌 1,3 Early Development of the Nose in Human Embryo: Stereomicroscopic and Histologic nalysis hang-hoon Kim, MD 1, Jong-um Yoo, MD 1, Woo hul Shin, MD 1, Min um Kim, MD 1, Hyoung Woo Park, MD 2 and Joo-Heon Yoon, MD 1,3 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 2 natomy and 3 rain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University ollege of Medicine, Seoul, Korea STRT ackground and Objectives:We aimed to analyze the morphologic features of the nose in the human embryo from 4th to 8th developmental weeks according to the arnegie stage. Materials and Method: total of 27 cases of embryos, ranging from arnegie stage of 13 to 23, were analyzed. The external morphology was observed with a stereomicroscope, photographed and analyzed. The histologic features were observed with a light microscope in the horizontally-transected specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results:The nasal placode was observed at the stage 13, and it became flat or even concave at the stage 14. t the stage 15, the nasal pit was formed. t the stage 16, the nasal sac and nasal fin were observed. t the stage 17, the oronasal membrane was formed by thinning of the nasal fin. t the stage 18, the primitive choana was established by rupture of the oronasal membrane. t the stage 19, the lateral palatine process projected vertically below the level of the tongue. The cartilaginous nasal capsule was formed at the stage 20. t the stage 21, the olfactory area was localized to the upper portion of the lateral nasal wall and the nasal septum. t the stage 22, the lateral palatine process developed in a somewhat horizontal orientation. t the stage 23, the premaxilla and primitive choana were formed. onclusion:the development of the nose is most active from the arnegie stage of 13 to 19, which corresponds to the end of the 4th embryonic week to the end of the 7th week. Thus, this period is considered to be the most important period in human nasal embryonic development. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2005;48:338-46) KEY WORDS:Human embryo Nose Early development arnegie stage. - 338
김창훈외 - Table 1. Embryo used in this study Embryonic ge arnegie Stage Number of Embryo 4 wk 13 2 5 wk 14 2 15 3 6 wk 16 2 17 3 7 wk 18 3 19 2 8 wk 20 3 21 3 22 2 23 2 - - - - Fig. 1. arnegie stage 13. Mandibular and hyoid arch, and nasal placode lateral to prosencephalon were observed. Nasal placode, ectodermal thickening, was observed lateral to procencephalon 200. Some mitoses were observed in whole layer of nasal placodal epithelium 400. 339
코의초기발생 Fig. 2. arnegie stage 14. The nasal placode was clearly seen at the ventrolateral portion of the prosencephalon. The maxillary process and the stomatodeum were also observed. Not much of a difference was observed compared to the 13th stage at low power 100. However, at high power, it was noted that both nasal placodes were flattened and slightly concave 200. Fig. 3. arnegie stage 15. Depressed nasal placode of the 14th stage became more concave and thus the nasal pit was formed., The nasal placode gradually went deeper to form thenasal pit. To the lateral side of the nasal pit, the hypertrophy of the mesoderm turned into the lateral nasal prominence and it lay at the lateral 1/4 portion of the nasal placode 40, 100, respectively. 340 Korean J Otolaryngol 2005;48:338-46
김창훈외 - D Fig. 4. arnegie stage 16. The medial nasal prominence developed and the nasal pit went deeper to form the nasal sac., In the dorsal portion of the specimen, the nasal sac was well-developed and formed a moderate sized space. This nasal sac was separated from the stomatodeum by the nasal fin 40, 100, respectively. DIn the ventral portion, the primitive nasal cavity and the stomatodeum had a common cavity 40. Fig. 5. arnegie stage 17. The well developed medial and lateral nasal prominences and the globular process of His and the maxillary process fused together to form the boundaries of the nasal sac., Degeneration of the rostroventral portion of the nasal fin occurred and, by becoming thinner, formed the oronasal membrane. The maxilloturbinal, the anlage of the inferior turbinate was now observed 40, 100, respectively. 341
코의초기발생 D Fig. 6. arnegie stage 18. The fusion of the maxillary process and the globular process of His was nearly complete and a smooth inferior border of the anterior nares was observed. The oronasalmembrane was ruptured and the primitive choana was formed., DThe dorsal portion of the oronasal membrane was ruptured to form the primitive choana, and the primitive nasal cavity and the stomatodeum had a common cavity 40, 100, respectively. D Fig. 7. arnegie stage 20. Epithelial plugs filling the anteriornares were noted., artilage formation was observed not only in the cartilage of nasal septum but also in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity to form the cartilaginous nasal capsule.the lowest part of the intermaxillary segment, the globular process, was completely fused with the maxillary process 40, 100, respectively. DThe epithelial plugs of the anterior nares were also observed histologically 40. 342 Korean J Otolaryngol 2005;48:338-46
김창훈외 Fig. 8. arnegie stage 21. The lateral palatine process lay vertically beneath the tongue, and the ethmoturbinal has moved from the upper portion of the nasal septum to the upper portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity 40. The development of the olfactory epithelium progressed and became localized to the ethmoturbinal area and upper nasal septum, thus forming the olfactory area 100. Fig. 9. arnegie stage 22. Meckel's cartilage was noted, and the long and vertical lateral palatine process was observed. The middle meatus has formed between the maxilloturbinal and ethmoturbinal 40. From the dorsal view, the la-teral palatine process was shown to be slightly horizontal 100. 343
코의초기발생 D Fig. 10. arnegie stage 23. The anterior portion of the nasal cavity was separated by the premaxilla from the oral cavity. However from behind, it was observed that the primitive posterior choana was open and the lateral nasal prominences from both sides fuse to form a definitive palate from ventral to dorsal. In the dorsal portion, well developed maxilloturbinal, ethmoturbinal, and the middle meatus in between were noted. The lateral palatine process was still vertical 20. In the ventral portion, the lateral palatine process was more horizontal 20. DThe premaxilla was observed 20. 344 Korean J Otolaryngol 2005;48:338-46
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