Untitled - PDF Free Download

מקדש מעט, BCE BCE BCE BCE 1 BCE BCE 2 BCE BCE 1. Rainer Albertz, Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E. (Studies in Biblical Literature 3; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003), 76-81. 2. Gosta W. Ahlstroem, The History of Anicent Palestine (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993), 791. 1

R Smend H Gunkel G B Gray S R Driver G Hölscher R H Pfeiffer A Bertholet H G May E Vogt H Schulz J Garscha S Herrmann R Liwak T M Raitt 3 Zimmerli Ezekielian School 4 5 3. Paul M. Joyce, Divine Initiative and Human Response in Ezekiel (JSOTSup 51; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1989), 21-29. 4. Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel 2: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 25-48 (Hermeneia 13/2; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983), xii-xv. 5. Menahem Haran, The Law-Code of Ezekiel XL- XLVIII and its Relation to the Priestly School, HUCA 50 (1979): 45-71. 2

6 7 Priestly theology Priestly ideology P 8 6. Marvin A. Sweeney, The Latter Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, in The Hebrewbible Today: An introduction to Critical Issues (eds. Steven L. McKenzie; Graham, M.P.; Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), 3; Fredrick H. Cryer, Divination in Ancient Israel and Its Near Eastern Environment: A Socio-Historical Investigation (JSOTSup 142; Sheffield: Sheffield Academy Press, 1994), 48. 7. Terry J. Betts, Ezekiel the Priest: A Custodian of Tora (Studies in Biblical Literature 74; New York: Peter Lang, 2005), 17-21, 35-39. Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 1-24, 16. Raymon Abba, Priests and Levites in Ezekiel, VT 28[1] (1978): 1-9. 8. Avi Hurvitz, A linguistic Study of the Relationship between the Priestly Source and the Book of Ezekiel (CahRB 3

P P P 9 P P P 10 מקדש מעט ל כ ן א מ ר כּ ה א מ ר א ד נ י י הו ה כּ י ה ר ח ק תּ י ם בּ גּוֹי ם ו כ י ה פ יצוֹת ים בּ א ר צ וֹת ו א ה י ל ה ם ל מ ק דּ שׁ מ ע ט בּ א ר צ וֹת א שׁ ר בּ אוּ שׁ ם ס מקדש מעט 11 20; Paris: J. Gabalda, 1982), 11. 9. Menahem Haran, Ezekiel, P, and the Priestly School, VT 58[2] (2008): 211-218. Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16: A new Translation with Introduction and Commentary (AB 3; New York: Doubleday, 1991), 3-13. 10. cf. Millar Burrow, The Literary Relations of Ezekiel (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society Press, 1925), 47-68. 11. Leslie C. Allen, Ezekiel 1-19 (WBC 28; Dallas: Word, 1994), 164. 4

12 מעט מקדש מקדש מעט מע ט mat uä 13 מע ט מע ט הפעיל פיעל פעל ו יּ ע שׂוּ כ ן בּ נ י י שׂ ר א ל ו יּ ל ק ט וּה מּ ר בּ ה ו ה מּ מ ע יט (16:17 (Exod P H als רב ה P מע ט 14 12. Paul M. Joyce, Ezekiel: A Commentary (OTS 482; London: T&T Clark, 2007), 113. 13. H. Zobel,,מעט TDOT 8:452-458. 14. Paul Jouüon; T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew-Part One: Orthography and Phonetics (Subsidia Biblica 14[1]; Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1996), 96Ak. 5

ה מ ע ט מ כּ ם כּ י ה ב דּ י ל א לה י י שׂ ר א ל א ת כ םמ ע ד ת י שׂ ר א ל ל ה ק ר יב א ת כ ם א ל יו ל ע ב ד א ת ע ב ד ת מ שׁ כּ ן י הו ה ו ל ע מ ד ל פ נ יה ע ד ה ל שׁ ר ת ם (16:9 (Num P מע ט מקדש P H P מקדש ו יּ ח לּ וּ ז ק ן בּ ח וּר וּב תוּל ה ו ט ף ו נ שׁ ים תּ ה ר ג וּ ל מ שׁ ח ית ו ע ל כּ ל א ישׁ א שׁ ר ע ל יו ה תּ ו א ל תּ גּ שׁוּ וּמ מּ ק דּ שׁ י תּ ח לּוּ בּ א נ שׁ ים ה זּ ק נ ים א שׁ ר ל פ נ י ה בּ י ת מקדש הבית מקדש מעט 6

מקדש מעט מעט מעט מקדש S ArwØz C J כנישתא בתי G ἁγίασµα µικρὸν), KJV small sanctuary NIV sanctuary for a little while M כּ ה א מ ר א מ ר ל כ ן מ ע ט בּ א ר צ וֹת א שׁ ר בּ אוּ שׁ ם א ד נ י י הו הכּ י ה ר ח ק תּ י ם בּ גּוֹי ם ו כ י ה פ יצוֹת ים בּ א ר צ וֹת ו א ה י ל ה ם ל מ ק דּ שׁ S ). " ",. ܗ) "!$ ܗ& *() ܐ", ", ܘܬ/. ܐܕ 3 5 ܩ ܐ& 5 ܢ ܘܐܗܘ/ @?ܘ ܢ (A;BC@ ܙ= 5 ܪ. 8 >ܪ =</ ܕܐܙ@ 5 78 9 ܘܐ 8 ;ܪ ܐ& 5 ܢ 8 >ܪ =</. 15.EF?@ ב כ ין א מ ר כ דנ ן א מ ר יוי א לה ים א ר י א רח יקת נוּן ל ב ינ י ע מ מ י א ו א ר י ב ד רת ינוּן ב מד ינ ת א C J 16 ו יה ב ית ל הוֹן ב ת י כ נ ישׁ ת א ת ני ן ל ב ית מ קד שׁ י ו א נוּן כ זע יר ב מד ינ ת א ד א ת גל יאוּ ל ת מ ן G διὰ τοῦτο εἰπόν Τάδε λέγει κύριος ὅτι Ἀπώσοµαι αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη καὶ διασκορπιῶ αὐτοὺς εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἔσοµαι αὐτοῖς εἰς ἁγίασµα µικρὸν ἐν ταῖς χώραις, οὗ ἂν εἰσέλθωσιν ἐκεῖ. 17 15.. "Because of that thus says the Lord of Authority, 'I will drive them far away among the nations and I will scatter them among the countries, yet I will be to them a small sanctuary among the countries where they have gone." cf. J. Azevedo, The Textual Relation of the Peshitta of Ezekiel 1-12 to M and to the ancient Versions (T J and G) (Ph.D Diss., Andrews University, 1999), 269-272. 16. "Because I removed them far away among the nations, and because I scattered them among the countries, I have given them synagogue, second to may sanctuary house, and they are as little in the countries to where they are exiled." Willem F. Smelik, Translation and Commentary in One: The interplay of Pluses and Substitutions in the Targum of the Prophets, Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 29[3] (1998): 249. 17. Trans. "Therefore, say: This is what the Lord says, I will drive them away into the nations, and I will scatter them into all the earth, and I will be for them as a small sanctuary in the countries, there where they enter. " (NETS) 7

NIV KJV Therefore say: This is what the Sovereign LORD says: Although I sent them far away among the nations and scattered them among the countries, yet for a little while I have been a sanctuary for them in the countries where they have gone. Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come. NIV 18 19 מעט מעט P רב י 18. K. D. Hutchens, Although Yahweh was there: The Land in the Book of Ezekiel (Ph.D Diss., Emory University, 1998), 559-569. 19. Hutchens, Although Yahweh Was There: The Land in the Book of Ezekiel, 341. 8

S G, KJV W Eichrodt מקדש מעט אהיה מעט למקדש להם אהיה להם לאלהים 20 מקדש אלהים מקדש מעט מעט 21 22 מעט 20. Walther Eichrodt, Ezekiel (Old Testament Library 22; SCM Press, 1970), 145. Paul M. Joyce, Dislocation and Adaptation in the Exilic Age and after, in After the Exile: Essays in Honour of Rex Mason (eds. John Barton; Reimer, David J.; Macon: Mercer University Press, 1996), 45-58. Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 1-24 (Hermeneia 13; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979), 262. ל כ ן א מ ר כּ ה א מ ר א ד נ י י הו ה כּ י ה ר ח ק תּ י ם בּ גּוֹי ם B ו כ י ה פ יצוֹת ים בּ א ר צ וֹת ו א ה י ל ה םל מ ק דּ שׁ מ ע ט (Ezek (11:16 בּ א ר צ וֹת א שׁ ר בּ אוּ שׁ ם B' A 'A Introduction.21 22. מקדש ו ה י ה ל מ ק דּ שׁ (8:14a (Is מקדש למקדש והיה a מקדש Marvin A. Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39 (FOTL 16; Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996), 173-174. " מקדש 9

מעט מקדש מעט C J C J מעט מקדש בתי כנישתא רש י רד ק מעט מקדש 23 24 מקדש מקדש מקדש מקדש מעט 23. Menachem Cohen, Ezekiel (Mikra ot Gedolot Haketer : A revised and augmented scientific Edition of Mikra ot Gedolot based on the Aleppo Codex and early Medieval MSS Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University, 2000), 56-57. רש"י: למקדש מעט-"לבתי כנישתא תניין לבית מקדשא" (ת"י) רד"ק: מעט, כלומר: להתפלל אלי, אני עמהם ושומע קולם ומצלים מיד אויביהם שלא יעשו בהם כלה. שם נועדים שהם כנסיות בבתי 24. b.b.bat 25a ורבי אושעיא סבר: שכינה בכל מקום, דאמר רבי אושעיא, מאי דכתיב: (נחמיה ט') אתה הוא ה' לבדך אתה עשית את השמים וגו'? cf. Ephraim E. Urbach, The Sages: The World and Wisdom of the Rabbis of the Talmud (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 37-65. 10

25 C J מעט מקדש 26 מעט מקדש 27 מקדש P מעט מעט מקדש מעט מקדש P P P P 25. Shaye J.D. Cohen, From the Maccabees to the Mishnah (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 106-09. George Foot Moore, Judaism: In the first Centuries of the Christian Era-The Age of Tannaim Hendrickson, 1997), 281-307. 26. Cohen, From the Maccabees to the Mishnah, 106-09. 27. Samson H. Levey, The Date of Targum Jonathan to the Prophets, VT 21[2] (1971): 186-196. Samson H. Levey, The Targum to Ezekiel, HUCA 46 (1975): 139-158. cf. Lilly, Ingrid E. Trajectories of the Scribes in Ezekiel: MT and Targum Ezekiel in Light of Ezekiel s Textual Tradition. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the SBL. 20th Nov., 2010. 11

מקדש 28 30 P יהוה כבוד 31 P מקדש משכן 32 P 28. מקדש Zimmerli, Ezekiel 1: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 1-24, 254. 29. Menahem Haran, Temples and Temple Service in ancient Israel: An Inquiry into biblical Cult Phenomena and the historical Setting of the Priestly School (Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1985), 195. Roche Bonnie, The Mishkan as metaphor-form and anti-form: On the Transformation of urban Space, Cross Currents 52[3] (2002): 342-352. 30. Menahem Haran, The Priestly Image of the Tabernacle, HUCA 36 (1965): 191-226. 31. F. Kutsko, Between Heaven and Earth: Divine Presence and Absence in the Book of Ezekiel (Biblical and Judaic Studies from the University fo California, San Diego 7; Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2000), 75. 32. John I. Durham, Exodus (WBC 3; Waco: Word Books, 1987), 354-355. 12

P 33 תבנית 34 מקדש 24:21; 23:38,39; 8.6; (5:11; מקדש 25:3; 37:26,28; 43:21; 44:1,5,9,15,16; 45:3,4,18; 47:12; 48:8,10,21). P מקדש 35 P תבנית תבנית 33. Israel Knohl, The Sanctuary of Silence (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995), 204-212. 34. Durham, Exodus, 355. 35. William A. Tooman, Waiting for God: Condition for Restoration of the divine Presence in Ezekiel (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of SBL, Atlanta, 16th November 2011), 1-21. 13

36 P מראות אלהים 37 38.36 ו יּ ל ך ה מּ ל ך א ח ז ל ק ר את תּ ג ל ת פּ ל א ס ר מ ל ך א שּׁוּ ר דּוּמּ שׂ ק ו יּ ר א א ת ה מּ ז בּ ח א ל אוּר יּ ה ה כּ ה ן א ת דּ מ וּת ה מּ ז בּ ח ו א ת תּ ב נ ית וֹ ל כ ל מ ע שׂ הוּ (16:10 (2Kgs בּ ד מּ שׂ ק א שׁ ר א ח ז ה מּ ל ך ו יּ שׁ ל ח cf. Haran, Temples and Temple Service in ancient Israel: An Inquiry into biblical Cult Phenomena and the historical Setting of the Priestly School, 193-94. 37. Margaret S. Odell, Ezekiel (Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 16; Macon: Smyth&Helwys, 2005), 16-18. 38. S. L. Cook; Patton, C. L., Hierarchial Thinking and Theology in Ezekiel s Book, in Ezekiel s Hierarchical World (eds. S. L. Cook; Patton, C. L.; vol. 31 of SBLSymS, eds. Christopher R. Matthews; Atlanta: Society Biblical Literature, 2004), 1-26. 14

P מקדש מעט 15

Abba, Raymon. Priests and Levites in Ezekiel. Vetus Testamentum 28[1] (1978): 1-9. Ahlstroem, Gosta W. The History of Anicent Palestine. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993. Albertz, Rainer. Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E. Studies in Biblical Literature 3. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003. Allen, Leslie C. Ezekiel 1-19. Word Biblical Commentary 28. Dallas: Word, 1994. Azevedo, Joaquim. The Textual Relation of the Peshitta of Ezekiel 1-12 to M and to the ancient Versions (Tj and G). Ph.D Diss., Andrews University, 1999. Betts, Terry J. Ezekiel the Priest: A Custodian of Tora. Studies in Biblical Literature 74. New York: Peter Lang, 2005. Bonnie, Roche. The Mishkan as metaphor-form and anti-form: On the Transformation of urban Space. Cross Currents 52[3] (2002): 342-352. Burrow, Millar. The Literary Relations of Ezekiel. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society Press, 1925. Cohen, Menachem. Ezekiel. Mikra ot Gedolot Haketer : A revised and augmented scientific Edition of Mikra ot Gedolot based on the Aleppo Codex and early Medieval MSS Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University, 2000. Cohen, Shaye J.D. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006. Cook, Stephen L.; Patton, Corrine L. Hierarchial Thinking and Theology in Ezekiel s Book. Pages 1-26 in Ezekiel s Hierarchical World. Edited by Stephen L. Cook; Corrine L. Patton. Vol, 31 of Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series. Edited by Christopher R. Matthews. Atlanta: Society Biblical Literature, 2004. Cryer, Fredrick H. Divination in Ancient Israel and Its Near Eastern Environment: A Socio-Historical Investigation. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 142. Sheffield: Sheffield Academy Press, 1994. Durham, John I. Exodus. Word Biblical Commentary 3. Waco: Word Books, 1987. Eichrodt, Walther. Ezekiel. Old Testament Library 22. SCM Press, 1970. Haran, Menahem. The Priestly Image of the Tabernacle. Hebrew Union College Annual 36 (1965): 191-226. Haran, Menahem. The Law-Code of Ezekiel XL-XLVIII and its Relation to the Priestly School. Hebrew Union College Annual 50 (1979): 45-71. Haran, Menahem. Temples and Temple Service in ancient Israel: An Inquiry into biblical Cult Phenomena and the historical Setting of the Priestly School. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1985. Haran, Menahem. Ezekiel, P, and the Priestly School. Vetus Testamentum 58[2] (2008): 211-218. 16

Hutchens, Kenneth Dean. Although Yahweh was there: The Land in the Book of Ezekiel. Ph.D Diss., Emory University, 1998. Jouon, Paul; Muraoka, T. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew-Part One: Orthography and Phonetics. Subsidia Biblica 14[1]. Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1996. Joyce, Paul M. Divine Initiative and Human Response in Ezekiel. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 51. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1989. Joyce, Paul M. Dislocation and Adaptation in the Exilic Age and After. Pages 45-58 in After the Exile: Essays in Honour of Rex Mason. Edited by Barton, John; Reimer, David J. Macon: Mercer University Press, 1996. Joyce, Paul M. Ezekiel: A Commentary. Old Testament Studies 482. London: T&T Clark, 2007. Knohl, Israel. The Sanctuary of Silence. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995. Kutsko, John F. Between Heaven and Earth: Divine Presence and Absence in the Book of Ezekiel. Biblical and Judaic Studies from the University fo California, San Diego 7. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2000. Levey, Samson H. The Date of Targum Jonathan to the Prophets. Vetus Testamentum 21[2] (1971): 186-196. Levey, Samson H. The Targum to Ezekiel. Hebrew Union College Annual 46 (1975): 139-158. Lilly, Ingrid E. Trajectories of the Scribes in Ezekiel: MT and Targum Ezekiel in Light of Ezekiel s Textual Tradition. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the SBL. 20th Nov., 2010. Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation With Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible 3. New York: Doubleday, 1991. Moore, George Foot. Judaism: In the first Centuries of the Christian Era-The Age of Tannaim. Hendrickson, 1997. Odell, Margaret S. Ezekiel. Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 16. Macon: Smyth&Helwys, 2005. Smelik, Willem F. Translation and Commentary in One: The interplay of Pluses and Substitutions in the Targum of the Prophets. Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 29[3] (1998): 245-260. Sweeney, Marvin A. Isaiah 1-39. Forms of the Old Testament Literature 16. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996. Sweeney, Marvin A. The Latter Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel. Pages 3 in The Hebrewbible Today: An introduction to Critical Issues. Edited by McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, M.P. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998. Tooman, William A. Waiting for God: Condition for Restoration of the divine Presence in Ezekiel. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the SBL. Atlanta, 16th November, 2011. Urbach, Ephraim E. The Sages: The World and Wisdom of the Rabbis of the Talmud. Cambridge: Harvard 17

University Press, 2001. Zimmerli, Walther. Ezekiel 1: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 1-24. Hermeneia-A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible 13. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979. Zimmerli, Walther. Ezekiel 2: A Commentary on the Book of Ezekiel Chapter 25-48. Hermeneia-A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible 13/2. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983. Zobel, H..מעט Pages 452-458 in vol. 8 of Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Edited by Botterweck, Johannes G.; Ringgren, Helmer; Fabry, Heinz-Josef. 16 vols. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997. 18