한수지 49(5), 533-540, 2016 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(5),533-540,2016 HACCP 구축을위한굴 (Crassostrea gigas) 가공공장의위해평가 강경태 김민주 1 박선영 1 최종덕 1 허민수 2 김진수 1 * 한국식품안전관리인증원, 1 경상대학교해양식품생명의학과 / 해양산업연구소, 2 경상대학교식품영양학과 Risk Assessment of Oyster Crassostrea gigas Processing Site For an HACCP System Model Kyung Tae Kang, Min Joo Kim 1, Sun Young Park 1, Jong-Duck Choi 1, Min Soo Heu 2 and Jin-Soo Kim 1 * Korea Institute for Food Safety Management Accreditation, Daejeon 34917, Korea 1 Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea This study assessed the risk of an oyster-shucking site to establish the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system model by measuring viable cell counts, coliform group Staphylococcus aureus foreign material on oysters, oyster-producing equipment, and washing water. The viable cell count and coliform group levels of the harvested raw oysters were 4.00 log CFU/g and 1.1 10 2 MPN/100 g, while those of washed oysters were 2.99 log CFU/g and (3.2 4.6) 10 MPN/100 g, respectively. After washing the oysters, no Escherichia coli or pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Clostridium perfringens) were detected. Regardless of the location of foreign matter, up to 100% more metallic and non-metallic foreign matter was detected at 1.5 mmφ than at 3.5 mmφ, using a metal detector with increased sensitivity. According to the results, the critical control points (CCP) are the washing and metal-detection processes. These results can be used as basic data to improve sanitation at oyster-shucking sites in factories with an HACCP system. Key words: Oyster, HACCP, Risk assessment, Critical control point, Critical limit 서론 30, 60% (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 2016).,,,,,, (Linehan et al., 1999; Hosoi et al., 2003; Kim et al., 1981; Sakaguchi and Murat, 1989). 11 4, 5, (Kim et al., 2002)., (Park et al., 2006).,., (Lee et al., 2010; Oh et al., 2012; Iritani et al., 2014)., FDA EU. HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point) system http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2016.0533 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(5) 533-540, October 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 28 July 2016; Accepted 3 October 2016 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 55. 772. 9146 Fax: +82. 55. 772. 9149 E-mail address: jinsukim@gnu.ac.kr Copyright 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 533 pissn:0374-8111, eissn:2287-8815
534 강경태ㆍ김민주ㆍ박선영ㆍ최종덕ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수., Choi et al. (1998), Jeong et al. (2004), Ha et al. (2005), Lee (2006), Baker (2016), Vugia et al. (2013) 2003.,,,,. HACCP. 재료 재료및방법 2016 4 D (Fig. 1).. 100 cm 2 swab (APHA, 2001). ( ) ( 1 L), (121, 15 min) ( 300 g). (4 ) 24. 생식용탈각굴의제조공정과이의코드 (A) (B), (C) (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I).. Fig. 1. ph ph 5 g, 9 (v/w) ph meter (691, Metrohm, Switzerland). Process Fig. 1. Manufacturing process and sample code of oyster Crassostrea gigas shucked for eating raw. 일반세균수, 대장균군및대장균,.,,., ((Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2016a). (25 g), 0.85% 225 ml stomacher (Bag Mizer 400VW, Interscience, France) 30. PCA (plate count agar), (35 1, 48 ),. 5, (lactose broth), brilliant green lactose bile (2%) broth (35 1, 24-48 ), (most probable number, MPN)/100 g. EC broth (44.5 1, 24 ) durham tube /100 g. 식중독균 Post-harvest oyster Washing Cold storing Code A B C Weighing/Inner packing Cooling Washing Shucking G F E D Metal detecting Outer packing Oyster shucked for eating raw H I J E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens 6. (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2015),. E. coli O-157:H7 (25 g) modified EC broth (mec broth; Difco, USA) 225 ml, (35-
굴가공공장의위해평가 535 37, 24 ) MacConkey sorbitol (cefixime, potassium tellurite ) (35-37 18 ). sorbitol EMB (35-37 24 ). Listeria monocytogenes (25 g) Listeria enrichment broth (Difco, USA) 225 ml Oxford agar (Difco, USA), (30 24 ). PALCAM agar (Difco, USA) (30 24 ), API listeria kit (Biomerieux, France). Staphylococcus aureus (25 g) 10% NaCl tryptic soy broth (TSB; Difco, USA) 225 ml (35-37 24 ) Baird-Parker agar (Difco, USA), (35-37 24 )., (35-37 24 ),. Salmonella spp. (25 g) tryptic soy broth (TSB; Difco, USA) 225 ml (37 24 ) 0.1 ml Rappaport-Vassiliadis (Difco, USA) 10 ml 2 (42 24 ). 2 MacConkey agar (Difco, USA) (35 24 ) (nutrient agar, Difco, USA) (35 24 ) API 20E (Biomerieux, France). Vibrio parahaemolyticus 2% NaCl (Alkaline pepton water, ph 8.6) 37 18-24 1 TCBS 37 24. TSI API 20E (Biomerieux, France). Clostridium perfringens 1 ml cooked meat (Difco, USA) 35-37 18-24 TSC (Difco, USA) 35-37 18-24 TSC. 노로바이러스오염도측정 (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 2015). Log CFU/g 5.00 4.00 Viable cell count Coliform group 110 120 4.00 3.76 3.36 3.48 83 2.99 3.01 3.10 2.98 2.97 2.94 3.00 70 75 90 2.00 1.00 0.00 Fig. 2. Change of viable cell counts and coliform group during manufacture of oyster Crassostrea gigas shucked for eating raw. 1 Process codes (A-J) are the same as shown in Fig. 1. 수세및금속검출한계기준설정 (SAMOO, Korea) (60-90 s), 20 kg (20-40 L/ min 10 L/min ), (E. coli O-157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clostridium perfringens). (QTM-WA25hh-M210, QUALITEC, Korea),, (90-110%, 10% ), (Fe STS), (Fe 1.0-2.0 mm, STS 3.0-4.0 mm ) (, ). 통계처리 44 A B C D E F G H I J SAS system (Cary, NC, USA) (ANOVA test), Duncan (P<0.05). 결과및고찰 60 32 30 생식용탈각굴의선도및생산원 부자재에대한생물학적위해요소분석 ph 4.00 log CFU/g (Fig. 2) 6.49 (Fig. 3). 1.0 10 5 CFU/g, 10 5-10 6 CFU/g, 1.5 10 6 CFU/g (Kim et al., 2007)., ph 6.4, 5.9-6.2, 5.8, 5.2 (Kim 45 Process codes 1 46 45 40 0 MPN/100 g
536 강경태ㆍ김민주ㆍ박선영ㆍ최종덕ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수 ph 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 6.49 a2 6.51a 6.45 ab 6.40 bc 6.40 bc 6.39 bc 6.37 bc 6.34 cd 6.33 cd 6.28 d A B C D E F G H I J Process codes 1 Fig. 3. Change of ph during manufacture of oyster Crassostrea gigas shucked for eating raw. 1 Process codes (A-J) are the same as shown in Fig. 1. 2 Different letters on the data indicate a significant difference at P<0.05. et al., 2007). ph., [, (E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens )] Table 1. 4.00 log CFU/g 1.1 10 2 MPN/100 g,. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2016b) 230 MPN/100 g,. Table 1. Biological hazard analysis for manufacturing oyster Crassostrea gigas shucked for eating raw in polyethylene bag Biological hazard Viable cells Unit Postharvest water for Drinking Polyethylene bag oyster processing 1.0 10 4 ND ND E. coli O157:H7 ND 1-2 - Listeria monocytogenes ND - - Staphylococcus ND - - aureus CFU/g Salmonella spp. ND - - Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clostridium perfringens ND - - ND - - Norovirus ND - - MPN/100 g E. coli 1.1 10 or ml 2 ND ND 1 ND: Not detected. 2 -: Not determined.., (Ministry of Environment, 2015) 100 CFU/mL /100 ml.,. 제조공정별생물학적위해요소및선도의변화 Fig. 2,. (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I) (J). (A) 4.00 log CFU/g, (B) 3.74 log CFU/g, (C) 3.36 log CFU/g, (D) 3.48 log CFU/g, (E) (F) 2.99 log CFU/g 3.01 log CFU/g., cold shock (Kim, 2000),,.,, 1. (G) 3.10 log CFU/g, (H) 2.98 log CFU/g, (I) 2.97 log CFU/g, 2.94 log CFU/g, 2.94-3.10 log CFU/g.,,,,.
굴가공공장의위해평가 537 Table 2. Microbiological evaluation in working place for manufacturing oyster Crassostrea gigas shucked for eating raw (log CFU/100 cm 2 ) Workings room Equipment Viable cell count Coliform group Staphylococcus aureus Worktable 3.40 ND 1 ND Shucking room Basket 3.26 ND ND Knife 3.00 ND ND Washing room Washing machine 2.51 ND ND Worktable 3.00 ND ND Packing room Packing machine 1.18 ND ND Worktable 1.65 ND ND 1 ND: Not detected. (A) 1.1 10 2 MPN/100 g, (B) 7.0 10 MPN/100 g, (C) 7.5 10 MPN/100 g, (D) 8.3 10 MPN/100 g, (E) (F) 4.4 10 MPN/100 g 4.5 10 MPN/100 g.,,. (G) 4.6 10 MPN/100 g, (H) 4.5 10 MPN/100 g, (I) 4.0 10 MPN/100 g, 3.2 10 MPN/100 g, (3.2-4.6) 10 MPN/100 g.,,,,.,. (, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clostridium perfringens) ( ).,,. ph Fig. 3. ph 6.28-6.49 (P<0.05),., ph,. ph,, TCA cycle lactic acid (David and Michael, 2014). 작업환경위생.,,, 100 cm 2, Table 2. 3.40 log CFU/100 cm 2, 3.26 log CFU/100 cm 2, 3.00 log CFU/100 cm 2, 2.51 log CFU/100 cm 2, 3.00 log CFU/100 cm 2, 1.18 log CFU/100 cm 2, 1.65 log CFU/100 cm 2., Harrigan and McCance (1976) 2.70 log CFU/100 cm 2, 2.70-3.40 log CFU/100 cm 2, 3.40 log CFU/100 cm 2
538 강경태ㆍ김민주ㆍ박선영ㆍ최종덕ㆍ허민수ㆍ김진수, 1.00 log CFU/100 cm 2. Harrigan and McCance (1976) (2.51 log CFU/100 cm 2 ), (1.18 log CFU/100 cm 2 ), (1.65 log CFU/100 cm 2 ), (3.26 log CFU/100 cm 2 ), (3.00 log CFU/100 cm 2 ) (3.00 log CFU/100 cm 2 ), (3.40 log CFU/100 cm 2 ).,..,.,,,, 100 cm 2., Harrigan and McCance (1976). 중요관리점 (CCP) 결정및한계기준 (CL) 설정 CCP CP CCP (Lee, 2011) CCP 2. (60-90 ), 20 kg (20-40 L/min 10 L/min ), Fig. 4. 3.49 log CFU/g, 20 L/ min 3.02 log CFU/g, 30 L/min 2.85 log CFU/g, 40 L/min 2.91 log CFU/g, 30 L/min,., Log CFU/g 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 3.49 Before washing 2.92 2.85 2.91 20 L/min 30 L/min 40 L/min Washing water quantity 1 Fig. 4. Viable cell counts of washed oyster Crassostrea gigas as affected by washing water quantity. 1 Oyster weight used in this experiment is 20 kg. 30 L/min E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clostridium perfringens ( )., 20 kg, 60 30 L/ min., (90-110%, 10% ), (Fe STS), (Fe 1.0-2.0 mm, STS 3.0-4.0 mm ) (, ) Table 3. (Fe STS) Fe 1.0 mm, STS 3.0 mm ( )., 2 mm, Kvenberg and Schwalm (2000) 8 mm. (Fe STS) 90%, 30-70%,,., 90%. (Fe STS) 100% Fe 1.5 mm, STS 3.5 mm 100%, 60-80%
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