Fig. 1 2.5%. 51.5%, 46.0%,.. /, Table 1 (U.V.; Ultraviolet 10-400 nm)/ (NIR; Near Infrared 700 nm - 5 µm) ( TiO 2, WO 3, ZnO, CeO, ATO, Sb 2O 3-ZnO, ITO.) (400 nm - 780 nm). /. Fig. 1.. 23
Table 1. / / (Sun light) (Far Infra Red) 30µm-1mm (Infra Red) (Near Infra Red) 780nm-5µm 400nm-780nm (Visible Light) A 315nm-400nm B 280nm-315nm (Ultra Violet) C 10nm-280nm /,. ( 10-88039, JPA- 2007106826 ) ZnO JPA- 1993098196, JPA-1993345642, JPA-1993339033, JPA- 1994329989, JPA-1994056479,. ITO(Indium- Tin Oxide; Sb-dopred SnO) H 7-70445, H 8-41441, H 10-120946,.,. / ( / ) ( ), ( / ). (Fig. 3) TiO 2, ZnO, CeO, ATO(Antimon-Tin Oxide), ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), Sb-Zn(Sb 2O 3-ZnO), ( ).. 2.1. / (mechanism) 1) 1) (valence band) (conduction band) (energy gap) (a) (b) Fig. 2.. ((a), (b) ) 24
Fig. 3. /. ( ), 2) ( ). 2.1.1. (400 nm ) (400-780 nm). E = hυ = hc/ λ (1) E h Plank;s constant (= 6.626 10 34 J s= 4.13 10 15 ev s) υ λ c (= 3.00 108 m/s), (400nm ), 3.1 ev,. ZnO, TiO 2, CeO 2). (Table 2 Fig. 4 ) 400-800nm. 3.2 ~ 1.6eV d, f. Fe 2 O 3, WO 3, Table 2. (ev) (nm) SnO 2 23.8 326 CeO 3.2 388 ZnO 3.2 388 WO 3 3.2 388 TiO 2 3.2 388 SrTiO 3 3.2 388 SiC 3.0 413 CdS 2.5 496 Fe 2 O 3 2.3 539 GaP 2.25 551 CdSe 1.7 730 Fig. 4. UV-VIS. 2) 25
Fig. 5.., (transiion metal element) (rare earth element). (benzotriazol) (benzophenon), (phthalocyanine),. / 1~2 µm, 3.1eV. 3.1eV,. Table 2 Fig. 4 (ZnO), (TiO 2), (CeO) 3.2 ev /, (Fe 2 O 3 ). Fig. 4 (ZnO), (TiO 2), (CeO) ZnO UV( 360nm ), TiO 2 UV B(280 nm - 315 nm), CeO. (ZnO), (TiO 2), (CeO),,. 2.1.2. (780nm - 5µm) Fig. 5 (+ ),., (Electric Field).,, (2) 3). ( ) ( ). 26
,. ωp 2 = 4 πne 2 /m (2) 3) ωp, n, m,. (1),,,,,. (2),,. In 2O, SnO 2, Sb 2O 3 3.5eV,, n, -, (2) 10 20-10 21 /cm 2 Sb 2O 3-SnO 2, In 2O 3-SnO 2 ( ). ATO(Antimony Tin Oxide), ITO(Indium- Tin Oxide). Sb 2O 3 ZnO Sb 2O 3-ZnO. 3. 2.1.3. (400-780 nm) ;,, (Coloring) 3.2~1.6eV( 400nm-780nm), d, f, (transition metal element) (rare earth element) (coloring).. 400nm 780nm. (Sctterring) ZnO, TiO 2, CeO ATO, ITO, Sb 2O 3-ZnO (scattering). (3) (Rayleigh), (matrix), 6. (3) S m = np/nb np nb matrices S (4), α< 0.4 (Rayleigh). 400 nm 50.9 nm. α = π D/ λ (4) D, λ (substrate) (soda-lime silicate glass) Na 300 nm. Fe 3O 4 +2 27
Fig. 6.. Fe. 8-10 m Si-O, B-O, (SiO 2 glass) 200 nm - 3500nm. (matrix),,, (Poly Vinyl Alcohole), (Polypropylene), (Low-density poly ethylene) (Polyester) 310 nm., C-C, C=C, C-O, C-H, O-H. (Reflection) (4) Fresnel, n. n, /. TiO 2 anatase 2.5, ZnO 1.9, 18.3%, 9.63%. ZnO, TiO 2 ZnO. (4) 2.2. / Table 3. CeO 2, ZnO, TiO 2, CEO. Table 4. ITO(Indium-Tin-Oxide)., ITO. Table 5 TiO 2. ph 1.5 / 28
Table 3. PH Wt% Sol Type ( ) CeO 2 6.72 2.72nm 10wt% 198,000 /500g, 200g ZnO 9.27 60.1mm 10wt% IPA 98,000 /500g, 200g TiO 2 7.30 60.8mm 10wt% IPA 275,000 /1L, 600mL JAPAN CZ 3.3 34mm 30.5wt% Water, 250g JAPAN CEO 9.8 40.5wt% Water, 500g Table 4. PH Wt% Sol Type ATO 3.33 53.9nm 30wt% Ethyl Celosolve 275,000 /1L JAPAN-1 Sb-Zn 8.1 14mm 60wt% MeOH 400,000 /1kg JAPAN-2 ITO 6.7 50mm 20wt% iproh 2,000,000 /1kg Table 5. TiO 2 PH Wt% Sol Type Ti- 15wt% 1.5 75nm 15wt% Water 75nm. 2.3. ( ) ; SiO 2, SiO 2 -TiO 2 2.3.1. / ( / ) ( ), ( / ).. Fig. 7 (Ceramic) (Polyorganosilane) ORMOCER(ORganically Modified CERamics). 1-3, 1 (M(OR) 4 ; M=metal, OR=alkyl group) (dye), 2. (, ). (Methyl Trimethoxy Silane, Methyl Triethoxy Silane, Phenyl Trimethoxy Silane, Vinyl Trimethoxy Silane). 3 (Ceramic) Fig. 8 (Epoxy Silane: 3-glycidoxy Propyl trimethoxy silane, Acryl Silane; 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) (Hydrolysis) (Condesation/Poymerization). 3 Fig. 9, 10 (M(OR) 4 ; M=metal, OR=alkyl group) (Metalloxane bond) 3,. Fig. 11 3, Si-O-Ti (Double Metalloxane Bond) 29
Table 6. / Hardness Thickness Drying Time ph Solvent Substrate Inorganic TEOS Good Thin Short Variable Alcohol Glass Water Binder glass Good Thick Long 9 Water Glass Organic (Acryl Silicone Poor Thick Short 7 Water Glass& Emulsion) Polymer Hybrid Intermediate Variable Short Variable Aclohol Glass& (TEOS-GPTS- Polymer ACS). 2.3.2. (M(OR) 4 ; M=metal, OR=alkyl group) 1 / /,., (substrate). (substrate),, /. (matrix) / (ZnO, CeO, TiO 2, ATO, ITO, Sb 2O 3-ZnO) (modified) 3(Fig. 7 ). Table 6,,,. 2.4. ( / ).,. 2.5. /, / ( / ) Fig. 7... 30
Fig. 8.. Fig. 9. Epoxy Silane.. Fig. 10. Acryl Silane. Fig. 11.. 31
( ), ( / ),,. / ph ; (Paricle Size) ;, (Dispersing Agent) ;, (Price) /,,,. ph (Time Stability) (Film Hardness) (Reaction Condition) (Hazing) (Gellatinization) (Precipitation) (Immiscibility) (Time Stability) 2.6. / / / / Fig. 12. (a) ATO, ITO Ex-Color, (b) ATO, ITO ZnO/ (Seesorb, Tin UV) /, (c) ATO, ITO CZ(CeO-ZrO 2) /, (d) ATO, ITO CeO /, (e) (d) 30, (f) ATO, ITO. Fig. 12 360 nm, 1500 nm, 90%, 80%. (70-80%). /, (1) ATO, ITO Ex-Color, (2) ATO, ITO ZnO, (Seesorb, Tin UV) /, (3) ATO, ITO CZ(CeO-ZrO 2) /, (4) ATO, ITO CeO, / 360nm 90%, 1500 nm 80%, 70-80%. 32
Fig. 12. (a) ATO, ITO Ex-Color, (b) ATO, ITO ZnO/ (Seesorb, Tin UV) /, (c) ATO, ITO CZ(CeO- Zr ) /, (d) ATO, ITO CeO /, (e), (f) ATO, ITO. 33
. ( ;, ). 50-55 (1999). 2., ", 13",, p. 558, 1993. 3., ", I", (1974), p. 107.) 4. W.-k. Park, S.-o. Jung, and T.-h. Kim, Fabrication of a U.V. & I.R. Shielding Film using a SiO 2 Hybrid Sol and its Property., 2010 (2010. 5.12-13). 5. W.-k. Park, E.-y. Kim, and T.-h. Kim, Fabrication of TiO 2 Nano-Sols and Hybrid Coating Film with an UV Shielding and the Super- Hydrophilic Property., 2nd Japan-Korea Joint Forum on Sol-Gel Science and Technology, (2010.6. 26-29). 1. Mitsumasa SAITO, Optical Function Coatings on Plastics by Wet Method,, 36 [1] 1983 1985 1994 1995-1985 1987 1993 2000 - ( ) 34