KISEP Original Articles 38 3 1999 J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3 명상이정서상태에미치는효과 * 이정호 ** 김영미 ** 최영민 ** The Effect of Meditation on Depression and Anxiety* Jung-Ho Lee, M.D.,** Young-Mee Kim, PhD.,** Young-Min Choi, M.D.** 국문초록 연구목적 : 방법 : 결과 : 결론 : 중심단어 서 론 491 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul Corresponding author
1. 연구대상 연구방법 2. 측정도구 3. 명상법소개및연구절차 492
Table 1. Demographic Characteristics Meditation Gn30 Comparison Gn20 N % N % Total AGE 2029 0 0.0 210.0 2 4.0 3039 1136.7 315.0 1428.0 4049 1653.5 1260.0 2856.0 5059 1 3.3 315.0 4 8.0 6069 1 3.3 0 0.0 1 2.0 7079 1 3.3 0 0.0 1 2.0 GENDER Male 516.7 210.0 714.3 Female 2583.3 1890.0 4386.0 EDUCATION 6 years 2 6.7 1 5.0 3 6.0 9 years 2 6.7 315.0 510.0 12 years 1860.0 1260.0 3060.0 14 years 2 6.7 210.0 4 8.0 16 years 620.0 1 5.0 714.0 18 years 0 0.0 1 5.0 1 2.0 JOB Housewife 2376.7 1575.0 3876.0 Officeperson 0 0.0 1 5.0 1 2.0 Commerce 516.7 315.0 816.0 Teacher 0 0.0 1 5.0 1 2.0 Agriculture 2 6.7 0 0.0 2 4.0 RELIGION Buddhism 413.3 840.0 1224.0 Protestant 826.7 525.0 1326.0 Catholicism 1033.3 315.0 1326.0 None 723.3 420.0 1122.0 Others 1 3.3 0 0.0 1 2.0 DIAGNOSIS Depression 620.0 525.0 1122.4 Anxiety D. 1240.0 525.0 1428.0 Somatoform D. 826.7 735.0 1530.0 Adjustment D. 413.3 315.0 714.0 2 p value 8.48.13.44.50 4.48.48 4.35.35 5.84.21 1.23.75 4. 통계방법 493
Table 2. Results from MANOVA-repeated measure of scores of BDI and State-trait Anxiety for two groups Meditation groupn30 Comparison groupn20 Between sj Within sj Interaction Pretest Posttest Pretest Postest effect effect effect M SD M SD M SD M SD F P F P F P BDI 24.20 11.30 11.96 11.18 17.45 8.67 18.00 7.96.02.890 17.42.000 20.86.000 State-A 51.56 8.12 45.03 1.10 48.25 4.63 48.80 4.56.02.878 7.64.008 10.71.002 Trait-A 47.66 8.24 41.66 4.58 45.00 5.86 43.65 4.97.05.820 13.54.001 5.42.024 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory State-AState Anxiety Trait-ATrait Anxiety between sj effectbetween subject effect within sj effectwithin subject effect Table 3. Within-group comparison of the pretest-posttest scale scores on meditation group Meditation group n30 Pretest Posttest M SD M SD BDI 24.20 11.30 11.96 11.18 5.43.000 State-A 47.66 8.24 41.66 4.58 4.03.000 Trait-A 51.56 8.12 45.03 6.06 3.77.001 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory State-AState Anxiety Trait-ATrait Anxiety t p 연구결과 1. 정서상태에대한다변량분석 2. 정서상태에대한사전-사후비교분석 494
Table 4. Within-group comparison of the pretest-posttest scale scores on camparison group Comparison group n20 Pretest Posttest M SD M SD BDI 17.45 8.67 18.00 7.96 1.04.308 State-A 48.25 4.63 48.80 4.56 1.15.264 Trait-A 45.00 5.86 43.65 4.97 1.36.188 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory State-AState Anxiety Trait-ATrait Anxiety T p Table 5. Group comparison of the difference between the scores of pretest and posttest scale Meditation n30 Camparisonn20 T p M SD M SD BDI 12.23 12.32.55 2.35 5.53.000 State-A 6.00 8.15 1.35 4.41 2.60.012 Trait-A 6.53 9.48.55 2.13 3.94.000 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory State-AState Anxiety Trait-ATrait Anxiety Table 6. Group comparison of BDI on pretest Group N M SD t p Meditation 30 24.20 11.30 Comparison 20 17.45 8.67 2.26.028 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory Table 7. Group comparison of BDI on posttest Group N M SD t p Meditation 30 11.96 11.18 Comparison 20 18.00 7.96 2.08.04 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory 3. 사전-사후점수의변화량에대한집단간차이분석 4. 우울증척도에대한사전-사후점수분석 495
Table 8. Item analysis of BDI on pretest BDI item Group N M SD t p 1. 1 29 1.14.88 2 20.70.66 1.87.064 2. 1 29 1.03.94 2 20 1.00.73.13.891 3. 1 30 1.20.96 2 20.65.81 2.10.041 4. 1 30 1.43.94 2 20 1.25.91.68.496 5. 1 30.73.83 2 20.65.49.40.687 6. 1 30 1.27 1.28 2 20.95 1.28.85.396 7. 1 30 1.13.90 2 20.90.91.89.376 8. 1 30 1.30.60 2 20.95.89 1.67.101 9. 1 30.53.73 2 20.30.47 1.26.213 10. 1 30.87 1.07 2 20.35.75 1.86.068 11. 1 30 1.10 1.06 2 20.80.62 1.14.260 12. 1 30 1.13.90 2 20.80.62 2.62.012 13. / 1 30 1.13.90 2 20 1.35.93.82.415 14. 1 30 1.33.96 2 20 1.10.91.89.394 15. / 1 30 1.40.93 2 20 1.10.91 1.12.266 16. 1 30.93.94 2 20.65.88 1.07.290 17. 1 30 1.47 1.01 2 20 1.05.89 1.50.140 18. 1 30 1.50 1.11 2 20.40.75 3.88.000 19. 1 30.80 1.03 2 20.35.59 1.76.084 20. 1 30 1.30 1.12 2 20 1.25.97.16.871 21. 1 30 1.53 1.11 2 20 1.15.99 1.25.217 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory group 1Meditation group group 2comprison group 496
Table 9. Item analysis of BDI on posttest BDI item Group N M SD t p 1. 1 29.41.82 2 20.75.72 1.47.146 2. 1 30.48.95 2 20 1.15.81 2.56.014 3. 1 30.77.94 2 20.80.83.12.898 4. 1 30.43.63 2 20 1.05.76 3.13.003 5. 1 30.57.57 2 20.85.67 1.60.115 6. 1 30.70 1.21 2 20.95 1.15.73.468 7. 1 30.67.80 2 20 1.00.79 1.44.1455 8. 1 30.97 1.00 2 20.90.72.25.798 9. 1 30.21.56 2 20.50.69 1.64.108 10. 1 30.34.77 2 20.50.89.65.518 11. 1 30.47.86 2 20.85.59 1.87.067 12. 1 30.67.76 2 20.60.60.33.743 13. / 1 30.60.89 2 20 1.15.81 2.20.032 14. 1 30.77 1.04 2 20 1.05.76 1.04.301 15. / 1 30.67.96 2 20 1.00.92 1.22.227 16. 1 30.27.52 2 20.60.68 1.85.072 17. 1 30.60.77 2 20 1.05.83 1.96.055 18. 1 30.47.78 2 20.45.76.075.940 19. 1 30.53.94 2 20.30.47 1.16.251 20. 1 30.73.91 2 20 1.05.89 1.22.228 21. 1 30.75 1.04 2 20 1.45 1.10 2.24.030 *BDIBeck Depression Inventory group 1Meditation group group 2comprison group 497
5. 우울증척도에대한사전-사후문항분석 고찰 498
참고문헌 1) Janowiak JJ, Hackman R(1994):Meditation and college students self-actualization and rated stress 75(2):1007-1010 2) Lad V(1984):Ayurveda:the science of self-healing(p. 47) Santa Fe, NM:Lotus Press 3) Sommer SJ, Hassed CS(1995):Meditation-based stress management for doctors and students. Med J Austuralia 163(17):112 4) Kabat-Zinn J, Massion AO, Kristeller J, Perterson LG, Fletcher KE, Pbert L, Lenderking WR, Santorelli SF(1992):Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 149(9):936-943 5) Goleman D, Schwartz GE(1976):Meditation as an intervention in stress reactivity. J Clin Consult Psychol 44(3):456-466 6) Otis LS(1974):If well-integrated but anxious, try TM. Psych Today 7(11):45-46 7) Shafii M, Lavely R, Jaffe R(1975):Meditation and the prevention of alcohol abuse. Am J Psychiatry 132 (9):942-945 8) Sawada Y, Steptoe A(1988):The effects of brief meditation training on cardiovascular stress response. J Psychophysiology 2:249-257 9) Woolfolk R, Carr-Kaffashan L, McNulty TF(1976): Meditation training as a treatment for insomnia. Behav Ther 7(3):359-366 10) Linden W(1973):The reaction between the practice of meditation by schoolchildren and their levels of field dependence-independence, test anxiety, and reading achievement. J Consult Clin Psychol 41(1): 139-143 11) 이정호, 김영미, 최영민, 이기철 (1997): 명상이문 제해결능력과자기인식에미치는효과. 정신의학 36(4):723-731 12) Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Frbaugh J(1961):An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psych 4:561-591 13) 이영호, 송종용 (1991):BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 499
신뢰도및타당도에대한연구. 한국심리학회지 : 임상 10(1):98-113 14) Speilberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene(1970): Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(selfevaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto CA:Consulting Psychologists Press 15) 김정택 (1978): 특성불안과사회성과의관계. 고려대학교석사학위청구논문 ABSTRACT J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3, May, 1999 The Effect of Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Jung-Ho Lee, M.D., Young-Mee Kim, PhD., Young-Min Choi, M.D. Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of meditation on depression and anxiety in psychiatric outpatients. MethodMeditation group which had taken the meditation and participated in 20 meditation sessions, and control group which had only taken the medication were given Beck Depression Inventory BDI and State-Trait Anxiety InventorySTAI at pre-test and post-test periods. ResultsComparing pre-test score with post-test score, scores of BDI and STAI decreased at a statistically significant level in meditation group. However, scores of control group did not change significantly. ConclusionThe results of present study suggest that meditation have positive effects on depression and anxiety in neurotic patients. KEY WORDSMeditation Depression Anxiety. 500