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1 Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association 2012;50(5): Literature Review of Play Therapy Intervention for Children with ADHD Department of Counseling Psychology, Dong Shin University Assistant Professor : Jin-Ah Choi Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the research literature on play therapy intervention for children with ADHD. Thirty-nine studies, conducted from 1995 to 2010, were analyzed. The results of the literature review are as follows: The most commonly studied subjects were elementary school children in grades 1-3. The most common subject selection method was to select ADHD tendency children. The most typical intervention setting used was a counseling center. The most frequent intervention was sessions of group counseling. Pre-post experimentalcontrol research designs were the most commonly used. In the analyzed studies, play therapy-game play therapy, CBPT, CCPT, sand play therapy, and theraplay- was used for ADHD children. The studies found that game play therapy and cognitive-behavior play therapy are effective for improving ADHD children s attention, impulsiveness, and self-control. The major game play therapy activities used were dart games, Simon says games, fishing games, dominoes, Jenga, Beat the Clock, the board game Stop, and Ice, break., ice, break. Based on these findings, this article presents implications and discussion for play therapy intervention for ADHD children. (ADHD), (play therapy), (game play therapy), (cognitive-behavioral play therapy) Corresponding Author : Jin-Ah Choi, Department of Counseling Psychology, Dong Shin University, 252 Daeho-dong, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, , Korea Tel: Fax: mochoi2020@hanmail.net
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5 Table 1. General characteristics of research subject I: Master s & doctoral thesisa No Research subject Age (school grade) Subject criteria Intervention method Session Setting 1 Kim(2002) 7 years old ADHD tendency Individual 20 Counseling center 2 D-Y. Kim(2003) Elementary 3rd grade (mean) ADHD tendency Group 10 Counseling center 3 H-R. Kim(2003) Elementary 2nd grade ADHD tendency Group 16 Elementary school 4 Lee(2003) A: infant A: 20 ADHD tendency Individual B: elementary 1st grade B: 22 Counseling center 5 Park(2004) 8 years old Diagnosed ADHD Individual 12 Counseling center 6 Kim(2004) Infant ADHD tendency Group 15 Kindergarden 7 Lee(2004) Elementary 2nd grade ADHD tendency Group 12 Elementary school 8 Kang(2005) Elementary 3rd grade ADHD tendency Group 16 Elementary school 9 Kim(2005) Elementary 3rd grade ADHD tendency Group 14 Elementary school 10 Choi(2005) Elementary 1-2nd grade Diagnosed ADHD Group 12 Social welfare center 11 Song(2005) Elementary 3-4th grade ADHD tendency Group 12 Counseling center 12 Oh(2005) Elementary Diagnosed ADHD Individual (3case) 15 Counseling center 13 Yun(2005) Infant ADHD tendency Group 10 Kindergarden 14 Moon(2005) Elementary 2nd grade ADHD tendency Group 8 Elementary school 15 Han(2006) Elementary 4th grade Diagnosed ADHD Individual 32 Counseling center 16 Jung(2006) Elementary 2-3rd grade Diagnosed ADHD Group 12 Social welfare center 17 Lee(2006) 5-8 years old & parent ADHD tendency Group 8 Counseling center 18 Hong(2006) Elementary 1st grade Diagnosed ADHD Individual 34 Counseling center 19 Kim(2006) Elementary 4th grade ADHD tendency Group Yoon(2007) Elementary 2-3rd grade Diagnosed ADHD Group 10 Counseling center 21 H-S. Kim(2008) Elementary 2-3rd grade ADHD tendency Group 12 Social welfare center 22 Yang(2008) Elementary 1-3rd grade Diagnosed ADHD Group 10 Hospital 23 Ha(2008) Elementary 3rd grade ADHD tendency Group 12 Elementary school 24 M-Y. Kim(2008) Elementary 4th grade Diagnosed ADHD Group M-H. Kim(2008) 3-6 years old ADHD tendency Individual 10 Counseling center 26 So(2009) 4 years old ADHD tendency Group 16 Kindergarden 27 Lee(2009) 8-11 years old ADHD tendency Group Lee(2010) Elementary 5th grade ADHD tendency Group Nam(2010) Elementary 2nd grade ADHD tendency Group Sin(2010) Elementary 4-5th grade ADHD tendency Group Kim(2010) 6-10 years old ADHD tendency Group 12 Elementary school Table 2. General characteristics of research subject II: Journal articles No Research subject Age (school grade) Subject criteria Intervention method Session Setting 1 Song & Jung(1998) 6 years old ADHD tendency Individual 50 Social welfare center 2 Nam, Moon, & Bang(2000) Elementary 3rd grade ADHD tendency Group 11 Elementary school 3 Kim(2006) 4 years old ADHD tendency Individual Lee & Yoon(2007a) Infant, child & sibling, parent ADHD tendency Group 8. 5 Lee & Yoon(2007b) Infant, child & sibling, parent ADHD tendency Group 8. 6 Park(2008) Elementary 3rd grade ADHD tendency Individual Yun & Kil(2009) Elementary 4th grade ADHD tendency Group 11 Elementary school 8 Kim & You(2010) Elementary 5th grade ADHD tendency Group
6 Table 3. Summary of general characteristics Age (school grade) Subject criteria Intervention method Session Setting Type Master s & doctoral thesis Journal articles N (%) N (%) Infant 4 ( 12.9) 2 (25) Infant, elementary 2 ( 6.5) 2 (25) Elementary 1-3rd grade 16 ( 51.6) 2 (25) Elementary 4-6th grade 5 ( 16.1) 2 (25) Elementary 1-6th grade 4 ( 12.9) Total 31 (100) 8 (100) Diagnosed ADHD 10 ( 32.3) ADHD tendency 21 ( 67.7) 8 (100) Total 31 (100) 8 (100) Individual counseling 7 ( 23) 3 (37.5) Group counseling 24 ( 77) 5 (62.5) Total 31 (100) 8 (100) 8-10 session 9 ( 29) 2 (25) session 13 ( 42) 3 (37.5) session 6 ( 19) 20 over session 3 ( 10) 3 (37.5) Total 31 (100) 8 (100) Kinder garden 3 ( 12) Elementary school 7 ( 28) 2 (67) Social welfare center 3 ( 12) 1 (33) Counseling center/hospital 12 ( 48) Total 25 (100) 3 (100)
7 Table 4 Intervention approach by research subject I: Master s & doctoral thesis No Research subject Research Dependent Independent variable design variable Intervention approach 1 Kim(2002) Game play therapy A Game play therapy 2 D-Y. Kim(2003) CBPT +parent education H, M CBPT 3 H-R. Kim(2003) Group game play therapy A, At Game play therapy 4 Lee(2003) Integrative play therapy A, H, I, Anxiety Integrative play therapy 5 Park(2004) Game play therapy A, Se Game play therapy 6 Kim(2004) Game play therapy A, H, I, S Game play therapy 7 Lee(2004) Attention play program A, H, I, Sa Play activity 8 Kang(2005) CBPT A, I, Sc CBPT 9 Kim(2005) Group play therapy Pr, Tp CBPT 10 Choi(2005) Group game play therapy A, H, I Game play therapy 11 Song(2005) Group game play therapy A, H, I, behavior Game play therapy 12 Oh(2005) Play therapy A, H, I CCPT 13 Yun(2005) Group play therapy program H, aggression CCPT 14 Moon(2005) Play activities program A, H, I, Tp Play activity 15 Han(2006) Sand play therapy Dev, spiritual cap. Sand play therapy 16 Jung(2006) Play based self control training A, H, I, S CBPT 17 Lee(2006) Experimental family play therapy A, H, I, Ff Family play therapy 18 Hong(2007) Game play activity A, H, I Play activity 19 Kim(2006) Play centered cognitive behavior program A, S, Se CBPT 20 Yoon(2007) Group game play program I, S, Ef Game play therapy 21 H-S. Kim(2008) Emotion based group play program A, H, I, Ec Emotion based group play program 22 Yang(2008) CBPT + parent education A, I, Tp, self-perception CBPT 23 Ha(2008) Attention play program A, H, I, Sa Play activity 24 M-Y. Kim(2008) Attention training A, I Game play therapy 25 M-H. Kim(2008) Theraplay H Theraplay 26 So(2009) Sand play therapy H, Tp Sand play therapy 27 Lee(2009) CBPT A, I CBPT 28 Lee(2010) Play activity H, I Game play therapy 29 Nam(2010) Game play program A Game play therapy 30 Sin(2010) Group sand play therapy Empathy, Pr Sand play therapy 31 Kim(2010) Play therapy S, Sa, play behavior CCPT Note. pre-post pre-post-follow up pre-post experimental-control pre-post-follow up experimental-control prepost qualitative analysis pre-post experimental-control qualitative analysis base-medi-main base-medi-main experimental-control base-medi qualitative analysis base-medi-main pre-post experimental-control AB ABAB qualitative analysis Note. A = attention; H = hyperactivity; I = impulsiveness; S = self-control; Se = self-esteem; Sc = self-concept; Sa = school adaptation; At = adaptation; Ma = maladaptation; M = mother s variable; Pr = peer relationship; Tp = task performance; Ef = executive function; Ec = emotional control; Ff=family function
8 Table 5. Intervention approach by research subject II: Journal articles No Research subject Research design Independent variable Dependent variable Intervention approach 1 Song & Jung(1998) Play therapy (with a sibling) S, At, expressiveness CCPT 2 Nam, Moon, & Bang (2000) Play therapy A, H CCPT 3 Kim(2006) Sand play therapy A, H, Sc Sand play therapy 4 Lee & Yoon(2007) Family play therapy A, H, I, Ff Family play therapy 5 Lee & Yoon(2007) Family play therapy A, H, I Family play therapy 6 Park(2008) Play therapy I, aggression Integrated play therapy 7 Yun & Kil(2009) Group game play therapy Ef Game play therapy 8 Kim & You(2010) Psycho-motoric play therapy A, I, social skill Psycho-motoric play therapy Note. pre-post pre-post-follow up pre-post experimental-control pre-post-follow up experimental-control prepost qualitative analysis qualitative analysis Note. A = attention; H = hyperactivity; I = impulsiveness; S = self-control; Sc = self-concept; At = adaptation; Ef = executive function; Ff = family function. Table 6. Results of the intervention approach Research model Intervention approach Master s & doctoral thesis Journal articles Type N (%) N (%) Pre-post 4 ( 13) 1 (12.5) Pre-post-follow up 2 ( 6.5) 2 (25 ) Pre-post experimental-control 7 (22.6) 1 (12.5) Pre-post-follow up experimental-control 2 ( 6.5) 1 (12.5) Pre-post qualitative analysis 5 (16) 1 (12.5) Pre-post experimental-control qualitative analysis 4 (13) Base-medi-main 2 ( 6.5) Base-medi-main experimental-control 1 ( 3.2) Base-medi qualitative analysis 1 ( 3.2) Base-medi-main pre-post experimental-control 1 ( 3.2) AB 1 ( 3.2) ABAB 1 ( 3.2) Qualitative analysis 2 (25 ) Total 31 (100) 8 (100) Game play therapy 10 (32.2) 1 (12.5) CBPT(cognitive-behavior play therapy) 7 (22.5) CCPT(child-centered play therapy) 3 ( 9.7) 2 (25) Sand play therapy 3 ( 9.7) 1 (12.5) Integrative play therapy 1 ( 3.2) 1 (12.5) Family play therapy 1 ( 3.2) 2 (25) Theraplay 1 ( 3.2) Psycho-motoric play therapy 1 (12.5) Emotion based group play program 1 ( 3.2) Play activity 4 (13) Total 31 (100) 8 (100)
9 Table 7. Type of game play therapy used in the studies Attention Impulsiveness Type of game play Dart game Simon says game Fishing game Domino Jenga (block game) Beat the clock Stop board game Ice, break., ice, break Beat the clock Research subject Kim(2002), H-R. Kim(2003), Park(2004), Kim(2008), Nam(2010) Kim(2002), H-R. Kim(2003), Kim 2004), Nam(2010) Kim(2002), H-R. Kim(2003), Kim(2008), Nam(2010) Kim(2002), H-R. Kim(2003), Park(2004), Nam(2010) Kim(2004), Nam(2010) Kim(2008), Nam(2010) Kim(2004), Choi(2005), Lee(2010) Kim(2004), Choi(2005) Choi(2005), Lee(2010) Table 8. CBPT skills regularly used in the studies Attention, impulsiveness. CBPT skills Self-instruction Relaxation Modeling Behavior-list Response cost Reinforcement Problem solving skill Research subject D-Y. Kim(2003), Kang(2005), Jung(2006). Kim(2006), Kang(2008) D-Y. Kim(2003) D-Y. Kim(2003), Jung(2006) D-Y. Kim(2003), Kang(2005) Jung(2006) D-Y. Kim(2003) D-Y. Kim(2003)
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11 American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (4th ed.). Washington, DC. An, D-H., Kim, S-S., & Han, E-S. (2004). Social skill program for ADHD children. Seoul: Hakjisa. Berlin, I. N. (2001). The use competitive games in play therapy. In C. E. Schaefer & S. Reid (2nd Eds.), Game play: Therapeutic use of childhood games (pp ). NY: Wiley. Bow, J. N., & Goldberg, T. E. (1986). Therapeutic use of games with a fine motor component. In C. Schaefer & S. Reid (Eds.), Game play: Therapeutic use of childhood games (pp ). NY: Wiley. Bratton, S. C., Ray, D., Rhine, T., & Jones, L. (2005). The efficacy of play therapy with children: A metaanalytic review of treatment outcomes. Professional Psychology: Research and practice, 36(4), Choi, J-A., & Cho, A. (2010). Effects of social skill program on improving sociality and selfconcept of children with ADHD Symptoms, Korean Association of Parent Counseling and Play Therapy, 1, DuPaul, G. D., & Stoner, G. (2003). ADHD in the schools: Assessment and intervention strategies. NY: Guilford Press. Gardner, R. A. (1973). The talking, feeling and doing game. NJ: Creative Therapeutics. Hall, T. M., Kaduson, H. G., & Schaefer, C. E. (2002). Fifteen effective play therapy techniques. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(6), Hill, C. E., & O Brien, K. M. (1999). Helping skills: facilitating exploration, insight, and action. American Psychiatric Association. Hwang, H-J., & Kim, B-K. (2004). The effect of the play therapy for the behavior modifications of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder child. Dong-A Ronchong, 41, Kaduson, H. G., Cangelosi. D., & Schaefer. C. E. (1997). The playing cure: individualized play therapy for specific childhood problems. MD: Jason Aronson. Kendall, P. C., & Braswell, L. (1985). Cognitivebehavioral therapy for impulsive children. NY: Guilford Press. Knell, S. M. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral play therapy. (Y-E. Park, K-H. Yu, Y-H. Choi, I-J. Park, H-J. Mun, & M-K. Lee, Trans.) Seoul: The House of Sharing press. (Original work published 1993). Knell, S. M. (2009). Cognitive behavioral play therapy: theory and applications. In A. A. Drewes (Ed.), Blending play therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy: evidence-based and other effective treatments and techniques (pp ). NJ: Wiley. Koo, H-J., Choi, S-M., & Kwon, J-H. (2012). Youth
12 psychotherapy outcome research: Methodological review and meta-analysis ( ). The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(1), Landreth, G. (2002). Paly therapy: The art of the relationship (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Brunner/ Routledge. Lee, H-S. (2009). Overview of psychological therapy in Korea children with ADHD ( ). Lee, Y-N., & Kim, K-W. (2006). Research overview of the prevention methods effect on maladjustment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, The Journal of Play Therapy, 9(3), Min, S-Y. (2011). Research trends in intervention for a child with at-risk ADHD : A review of research from 1995 to Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate school of special education, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea. Ray, D. C., Schottelkorb, A., & Tsai, M. H. (2007). Play therapy with children exhibiting symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Play Therapy, 16(2), Reid, S. E. (1993). It s all in the game: Game play therapy. In T. A. Kottman & C. E. Schaefer (Eds.), Play therapy in action (pp ). MD: Jason Aronson. Reid, S. E. (2001). The psychology of play and games. In C. E. Schaefer & S. Reid (2nd Eds.), Game play: therapeutic use of childhood games (pp. 1-38). NY: Wiley. Schaefer, C. E. (1998). Play therapy: Critical issues for the next millennium. (E-H. Eim, Trans.). The Journal of Play Therapy. 2(1), Shapiro, L. E. (1981). Games to grow on: Activities to help children learn self-control. NJ: Prentice- Hall. Smith, W. H. (2002). Chess. In C. E. Schaefer & D. Cangelosi (Eds.), Play therapy techniques (pp ). MD: Jason Aronson. Swank, J. M. (2008). The use of games: a therapeutic tool with children and families. International Journal of Play Therapy, 17(2), Swanson, A. J., & Casarjian, B. E. (2001). Using game to improve self-control problems in children. In C. E. Schaefer & S. Reid (2nd Eds.), Game play: therapeutic use of childhood games (pp ). NY: Wiley. Yang, S-J., Cheong, S-S., & Hong, S-D. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: School-based mental health services in seoul. Journal of The Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 45(1), Appendix. Choi, D-J. (2005). The effects of group game play therapy on the decrease of maladjusted behaviors in ADHD children. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Ha, S-M. (2008). The effects of attention play program on ADHD children s behavioral changes and school life adaptation. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Dong-A University, Busan, Korea, Han, S-O. (2006). The spiritual capability of sandplay therapy - The case research of children with ADHD and tourette symptom-. Unpublished master s thesis, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea. Hong, S-J. (2007). The effects of the game-play activities with a 6-year-old boy diagnosed as ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea. Jung, S-Y. (2006). A case study on improvement in ADHD children s maladjustment behavior with play based self control training. Unpublished master s thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Kang, H-Y. (2005). The effects of cognitive modification and play therapy on alleviating the problem behaviors and improving selfconcepts of children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate school of education Kosin University, Busan, Korea. Kim, C-K, You, Y-J. (2010). The effects of the
13 psychomotoric play therapy program on reducing problematic behaviors and improving social skills of the ADHD children. The Journal of Play Therapy, 14(1), Kim, D-Y. (2003). Effects of the combined treatment of cognitive-behavioral play therapy and parent training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. Kim, H-R. (2003). The effect of group gameplay therapy on ADHD child s attention ability and adaptability, Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Incheon National University of Education, Incheon, Korea. Kim, H-S. (2008). The effects of an emotion-based group play program on the maladaptive behaviors of children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Kim, K-J. (2005). The effects of group play therapy on ADHD children s peer relationships and task performance attitude. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Kosin University, Busan, Korea. Kim, M-H. (2009). The effects on the theraplay for infant s hyper behavior regulation: A case study with maladjusted infant. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate school of school education, Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. Kim, M-J. (2010). The effects of the play therapy by a visiting therapist of elementary school for the improvement of the self-control ability and the adaptation to school environment and the play behavior of children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea. Kim, M-S. (2006). The effects of the play centered cognitive behavior program on the ADHD children self-esteem, attention, and self-control. Unpublished master s thesis, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Korea. Kim, M-Y. (2008). A case study on a child with ADHD by the application of attention training composed of play and games. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Chinju University, Chinju, Korea. Kim, S-K. (2004). The effects of game play therapy on behavior problems of attention deficithyperactivity disorder children. Unpublished master s thesis, Department of Rehabilitation Science Graduate School Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Kim, S-O. (2006). The case study of ADHD child with the sand play therapy. The Journal of Play Therapy, 10(2), Kim, Y-O. (2002). The effect of game play therapy upon a child s attention behavior improvement with borderline intelligence, Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Lee, E-M. (2010). The effect of play activities on impulsiveness and hyperactivity of students with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, Korea. Lee, S-H. (2006). The effects of experiential family play therapy on attention deficit hyperactivities of children and family functions, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Lee, S-H., & Yoon, H-Y. (2007a). The effects of family play therapy on family functions with ADHD tendencious child and the ADHD tendencies of children. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disabilities, 23(3), Lee, S-H., & Yoon, H-Y. (2007b). The effects of family play therapy on the attention-deficit, impulsivity, and hyperactivity tendencies of children, The Journal of Play Therapy, 11(2), Lee, S-R. (2004). The effects of attention play programs on changes and maladjustment to ADHD children s behaviors. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Dong-A University, Busan, Korea. Lee, Y-K. (2009). The effect of cognitive-behavioral group play-therapy on children s aprosexia and impulse control-disorder. Unpublished master s
14 thesis, Graduate school of school education Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. Lee, Y-M. (2003). Effects of the integrative play therapy on ADHD children, Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Sookmyung Women s University, Seoul, Korea. Moon, I-N. (2005). The effect of play activities program on the behavior of early elementary school children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Education Hongik University, Seoul, Korea. Nam, H-W., Moon, S-Y., & Bang, I-K. (2000). Research of the play therapy in diminishing problematic behavior of attention deficit and hyper disorder children. The Journal of Play Therapy, 11(3), Nam, S-M. (2010). Influence of game play program upon attention of children with attention deficit disorder. Unpublished master s thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Oh, S-M. (2005). Case study of play therapy for ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis. United Graduate School of Theology Yonse University, Seoul, Korea. Park, E-H. (2004). A case study on effects of game play therapy on changes in ADHD child s attention behaviors and self-esteem. Unpublished master s thesis, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Park, Y-J. (2008). A case study on play therapy of a child who has difficulty in peer interaction. Korean Journal of Counseling, 9(3), Sin, J-W. (2010). The effect of group sandplay therapy program for empathy ability and peer relationship of children with tendency of ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. So, E-Y. (2010). A study on the efficacies of the sandplay therapy with attention deficit hyperactivityprone children s hyperactivity and class participation activity. Unpublished master s thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Song, M-H. (2005). The effects of group game-play on executive function, impulsivity, self-control of children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Duksung Women s University, Seoul, Korea. Song, Y-H., & Jung, E-H. (1998). A play therapy with a siblings participation improves an ADHD child s social skills: A case study. The Journal of Play Therapy, 2(1), Yang, M-O. (2008). A comparative study of effects between the combined treatment and medication in children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Seoul Women s University, Seoul, Korea. Yoon, J-H. (2007). The effects of group game-play program on executive function and self-control of children with ADHD. Unpublished master s thesis, Duksung Women s University, Seoul, Korea. Yun, M-H., & Kil, K-S. (2009). The effects of group game play program on ADHD-liked children`s executive function. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 47(4), Yun, Y-K. (2005). Effect of a group play therapy program on problematic behavior of maladjusted children, Unpublished master s thesis, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
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A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: Parents Perception
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.493-517 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.493 Parents Perception and Expectation on the Parent Consultation of Students
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A Study of the Influence of Situational Emotional Factors on Impulsive Buying in Duty-Free Shops Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University Lecturer : Joo Won, Jung Doctoral Student : So
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Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor
Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple
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The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of
230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등
청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이 229 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 The Korea Educational Review 2014. 10. Vol.20. No.3. pp.229-251. 1) 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이* 강기수 조규판(동아대학교) [요 약] 본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 개인변인인
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A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational
구의 중요성이 인식되기 시작하였다(Kang & Lee, 2001). 이에 대한 결과로 1990 년대 이후 국내에서도 만성신부전환자의 혈액투석경험 (Shin, 1997), 신장이식 체험(Lee, 1998) 과 만성질환자의 강인성에 관한 연구 (Ko, 1999)등 만성질환
주요용어 : 주보호자, 만성신부전환자, 체험, 현상학 만성신부전환자의 주보호자로 살기* 김 경 미** 공 병 혜*** 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 Ⅰ. 서 론 최근 의학의 발달과 생활환경의 급속한 변화는 건강과 질병 양상의 변화를 가져와 급성질병은 점차 감소하는 반면에 만성질병은 불가역적인 병리적 변화와 지속적인 비정상 상태로 인해 점점 중요한 건강위협 요인이
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.289-314 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.289 * Meta Analysis : Trends and Effects of Art-Therapy with Clay Purpose:
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김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of
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에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.
Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
- 최원희ㆍ 김명희: 중년후기 여성의 집단회상 경험과 효과에 대한 연구 - 에 직면하며 심리 사회적인 역할갈등, 고립, 위축, 상실 감 등을 경험하게 된다. 이 시기동안 위기에 잘 대처하 지 못하면 자신에 대하여 실망하며 두려움과 슬픔 등 을 겪으면서 자아존중감이 낮아
한국모자보건학회지 제15권 제1 호(2011년 1 월) J Korean Soc Matern Child Health 2011;15(1):48-59 E 1) 중년후기 여성의 집단회상 경험과 효과에 대한 연구 최 원 희ㆍ김 명 희 1 경남대학교 간호학과, 부산대학교 간호대학 1 = Abstract = The Experience and Effects of Group
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: * A Critical Review
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.347-367 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.347 * A Critical Review on Equity in Early Childhood Education Purpose: This
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34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture
A study on the sports educational zeal through the qualitative network analysis: Focusing on mothers of student athletes Byung-Goo Lee & Han-Joo Lee*
A study on the sports educational zeal through the qualitative network analysis: Focusing on mothers of student athletes Byung-Goo Lee & Han-Joo Lee* Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions]
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