조사연구 the Social Support Scale developed by Park(1985). The Social Support Scale was administered to 272 college students. A single factor second-order

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1 조사연구 권 호 연구논문 1) 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 * Factorial Structure of the Social Support Scale a) b) 주제어 사회적지지척도 확인적요인분석 평정척도모형 The purpose of this study was to examine factorial structure of

2 조사연구 the Social Support Scale developed by Park(1985). The Social Support Scale was administered to 272 college students. A single factor second-order model was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and a single factor second-order model was selected the best-fit model as 4 factors were highly correlated. Rasch rating scale model was adopted for the analysis of dimensionality, individual item fit, person-item map and responses scales categories. The result of principal components factor analysis of standardized residuals confirmed unidimensionality of the Social Suppor Scale and fit to the Rasch model was good for all items. Implications and limitations of study findings were discussed. Key words : social support factorial structure, scale, Rasch model, confirmatory factor analysis Ⅰ. 서론

3 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색

4 조사연구

5 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 1. 사회적지지의개념및특성

6 조사연구

7 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 2. 사회적지지의측정

8 조사연구

9 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 Ⅲ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상 < 표 1> 응답자기술통계 구분빈도 (%) 평균표준편차 155(57) (43) (30.5) (42.3) (27.2) (79.4) (18) (0.7) 측정도구

10 조사연구 3. 분석방법 1) 확인적요인분석

11 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 2) Rasch 측정모형분석 ln

12 조사연구 Ⅳ. 연구결과 1. 확인적요인분석 그림 사회적지지척도의고차모형

13 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 2. Rasch 측정모형분석 1) 신뢰도분석 < 표 2> 문항내적일관성신뢰도 하위요인 문항수 신뢰도 ) 표준잔차 (standardized residual) 를이용한주성분분석

14 조사연구 < 표 3> 표준잔차를이용한주성분요인분석 Component Eigenvalue VAF(%) 주 요인에의해설명된잔차분산의비율 주 프로그램에서는편의상 개요인에대한아이겐값및분산비율을보고하고있음 그림 요인부하량에기초한첫번째잔차요인구조유형

15 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 3) 피험자 문항분포도

16 조사연구 그림 피험자 문항도표

17 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 ± 4) 문항적합도분석

18 조사연구 < 표 4> 문항적합도분석 문항번호 추정치 내적합도 외적합도 점이연상관

19 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 5) 평정척도분석 < 표 5> 5 점척도의응답구조와적합도분석 척도관찰빈도 (%) 평균능력추정치 내적합도 외적합도 척도경계점 1 37(1) (7) (26) (50) (16) 그림 점척도의확률구조도표

20 조사연구 Ⅴ. 요약및논의

21 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색

22 조사연구 참고문헌 (4): :. 16(11): : :. 14(2): (1): (0): : -

23 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색. 17(4): : : ,,. 31(1): (2): : (6): Family and Environment Research 35(5), (3): ,. 19(1): (1): (2): :,. 1:

24 조사연구 ,. : 8(2): (1): ,,. - 33(1): (3): , : Adams, G.A., L.A. King, and D.W. King Relationships of Job and Family Involvement, Family Social Support, and Work-family Conflict with Job and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Applied psychology 81(4): 411. Andersen, E.B Conditional Inference for Multiple Choice Questionnaires. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 26(1): Andrich, D Rating Formulation for Ordered Response Categories. Psychometrika 43(4): Andrich, D., B. Sheridan, & G. Luo Interpreting RUMM2020 Monograph. Retrieved July 20, 2007, from Barrera, Jr. M Distinctions between Social Support Concepts, Measures, and Models. American Journal of Community Psychology 14(4): Barrera, M. and Ainlay, S.L The Structure of Social Support: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis. Journal of Community Psychology 11(2): Barrera, M., I.N. Sandler, and T.B. Ramsay Preliminary Development of a Scale of Social Support: Studies on College Students. American Journal of Community Psychology 9(4): Barrera, M Social Support in the Adjustment of Pregnant Adolescents:

25 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 Assessment Issues. Social Networks and Social Support 4: Bentler, P Comparative Fit Indices in Structural Models. Psychological Bulletin 107: Caplan, G. and M. Killilea Support Systems and Mental Health. New York, US: Grune & Stratton. Cobb, S Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 38(5): Caplan, G Support Systems and Community Mental Health: Lectures on Concept Development. Pasadena: Behavioral Publications. Cassel, J The Contribution of the Social Environment to Host Resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology 104(2): Cohen, S Psychosocial Models of the Role of Social Support in the Etiology of Physical Disease. Health Psychology 7(3): 269. Cohen, S.E., and S. Syme Social Support and Health. San Diego: Academic Press. Crockett, L.J., M.I. Iturbide, R.A. Torres Stone, M. McGinley, M. Raffaelli, and G. Carlo Acculturative Stress, Social Support, and Coping: Relations to Psychological Adjustment among Mexican American College Students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 13(4): 347. Cutrona, C.E. and D.W. Russell Type of Social Support and Specific Stress: Toward a Theory of Optimal Matching. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. d'abbs, P Social Support Networks: A Critical Review of Models and Findings. Melbourne: Institute of Family Studies. Dean, A. and N. Lin The Stress-buffering Role of Social Support: Problems and Prospects for Systematic Investigation. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 165(6): Demaray, M.K The Relationship between Social Support and Student Adjustment: A Longitudinal Analysis. Psychology in the Schools 42(7):

26 조사연구 Dubow, E.F. and D.G. Ullman Assessing Social Support in Elementary School Children: The Survey of Children's Social Support. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 18(1): Duncan, S.C., T.E. Duncan, and L.A. Strycker Sources and Types of Social Support in Youth Physical Activity. Health Psychology 24(1): 3. Eaton, W.W Life Events, Social Supports, and Psychiatric Symptoms: A Reanalysis of the New Haven Data. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 19: Fisher, C.D Social Support and Adjustment to Work: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Management 11(3): Friedlander, L.J., G.J. Reid, N. Shupak, and R. Cribbie Social Support, Self-esteem, and Stress as Predictors of Adjustment to University among First-year Undergraduates. Journal of College Student Development 48(3): George, L.K., D.G. Blazer, D.C. Hughes, and N. Fowler Social Support and the Outcome of Major Depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry 15(4): Gottlieb, B.H Social Support Strategies: Guidelines for Mental Health Practice. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc. House, J.S., R.L. Kahn, J.D. McLeod, and D. Williams Measures and Concepts of Social Support. San Diego: Academic Press House, J.S Work Stress and Social Support. Massachusetts: Addison- Wesley Pub. Co. Hu, L.Z. and P. Bentler Cut of Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives Structural Equation Modeling 6: Lee, P.S., Y.M. Lee, J.Y. Lim, R.I. Hwang, and E.Y. Park The Relationship of Stress, Social Support and Depression in the Elderly. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 34(3): Lieberman, M.A The Effects of Social Supports on Responses to

27 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 Stress. Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects: New York: Free Press. Lin, N. and A. Dean Social Support, Life Events, and Depression. New York: Academic Press. Lin, N., W.M. Ensel, R.S. Simeone, and W. Kuo Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Illness: A Model and an Empirical Test. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 20(2): Linacre, J.M Detecting Multidimensionality: Which Residual Data-type Works Best? Journal of Outcome Measurement 2: Linacre, J.M. 2014a. Winsteps Rasch Measurement Computer Program. Beaverton, Oregon: Winsteps.com. Linacre, J.M. 2014b. Winsteps Rasch Measurement Computer Program User's Guide. Beaverton, Oregon: Winsteps.com Mossakowski, K.N. and W. Zhang Does Social Support Buffer the Stress of Discrimination and Reduce Psychological Distress among Asian Americans? Social Psychology Quarterly 77(3): Norbeck, J.S., A.M. Lindsey, and V.L. Carrieri The Development of an Instrument to Measure Social Support. Nursing Research 30(5): Pappas, C.J Assessing Middle School Students' Perceptions of Social Support Provided by Teachers and Other School Professionals. Masters Theses. Paper Pines, A.M., E. Aronson, and D. Kafry Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth. New York: Free Press Ramsay, S., E. Jones, and M. Barker Relationship between Adjustment and Support types: Young and Mature-aged Local and International First Year University Students. Higher Education 54(2): Rasch, G Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Copenhagen: Danmarks Paedogogiske Institute. Sarason, I.G., H.M. Levine, R.B. Basham, and B.R. Sarason Assessing Social Support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal of

28 조사연구 Personality and Social Psychology 44(1): 127. Schwarzer, R. and N. Knoll Functional Roles of Social Support within the Stress and Coping Process: A Theoretical and Empirical Overview. International Journal of Psychology 42(4): Sheeber, L., H. Hops, A. Alpert, B. Davis, and J. Andrews Family Support and Conflict: Prospective Relations to Adolescent Depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 25(4): Smith, R.M The Distributional Properties of Rasch Standardized Residuals. Educational and Psychological Measurement 48: Smith, R.M and C.Y. Miao Assessing Unidimensionality for Rasch Measurement. Objective Measurement: Theory into Practice. Volume 2: Greenwich: Ablex. Smith, R.M., R.E. Schumacker, and M.J. Bush Using Item Mean Squares to Evaluate Fit to the Rasch Model. Journal of Outcome Measurement 2: Thoits, P.A Stress, Coping, and Social Support Processes: Where Are We? What Next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior Extra Issue: Tucker, L.R. and C. Lewis A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis. Psychometrika 38: Turner, R.J., B.G. Frankel, and D.M. Levin Social Support: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Implications for Mental Health. Research in Community & Mental Health 3: Vaux, A., S. Riedel, and D. Stewart Modes of Social Support: The Social Support Behaviors(SS-B) Scale. American Journal of Community Psychology 15(2): Vaux, A Variations in Social Support Associated with Gender, Ethnicity, and Age. Journal of Social Issues 41(1): Viswesvaran, C., J.I. Sanchez, and J. Fisher The Role of Social Support in the Process of Work Stress: A Meta-analysis. Journal of

29 사회적지지척도의요인구조탐색 Vocational Behavior 54(2): Wong, S.T., G.J. Yoo, and A.L. Stewart Examining the Types of Social Support and the Actual Sources of Support in Older Chinese and Korean Immigrants. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 61(2): Zimet, G.D., S.S. Powell, G.K. Farley, S. Werkman, and K.A. Berkoff Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment 55 (3-4): Zimmerman, M.A., J. Ramirez-Valles, K.M. Zapert, and K.I. Maton A Longitudinal Study of Stress-buffering Effects for Urban Africanamerican Male Adolescent Problem Behaviors and Mental Health. Journal of Community Psychology 28(1): < 2014/9/26, 2014/12/18, 2015/1/19>

30 조사연구 부록 사회적지지척도문항 유형번호내용

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social